Pub Date : 2001-03-01DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2001.9989031
Shuzhuo Li, M. Feldman, Nan Li
Abstract A strictly maintained patrilineal family system makes virilocal marriage almost universal and uxorilocal marriage rare in the history of rural China. Uxorilocal marriage can be divided into two types that may be termed, respectively, contingent and institutional. The former preserves family lineages in families without a son and occurs when uxorilocal marriage is uncommon. The latter serves practical economic purposes in families with sons and occurs when uxorilocal marriage is relatively prevalent. Using data from a survey in two counties of Shaanxi—Lueyang, where both kinds of uxorilocal marriage are prevalent, and Sanyuan, where uxorilocal marriage is rare and usually contingent—this paper employs logistic regression models in a quantitative comparative study of determinants of uxorilocal marriage in rural China. We show that the purposes and prevalence of the two types of uxorilocal marriage differ and that their determinants are also different in the two counties. In Sanyuan, the determinants are only a couple's sibling composition, membership in a large family clan, and educational level. In Lueyang, in addition to those determinants in Sanyuan, important contributions to the type of uxorilocal marriage include a couple's parental marriage type, age at marriage, adoption status, marriage arrangement, and their attitudes toward uxorilocal marriage. The results indicate the potential importance of encouraging uxorilocal marriage in rural areas as a means of mitigating demographic and social problems related to son preference, such as high sex ratio at birth and lack of old‐age security, which are projected for China's future.
{"title":"A comparative study of determinants of uxorilocal marriage in two counties of China","authors":"Shuzhuo Li, M. Feldman, Nan Li","doi":"10.1080/19485565.2001.9989031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2001.9989031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A strictly maintained patrilineal family system makes virilocal marriage almost universal and uxorilocal marriage rare in the history of rural China. Uxorilocal marriage can be divided into two types that may be termed, respectively, contingent and institutional. The former preserves family lineages in families without a son and occurs when uxorilocal marriage is uncommon. The latter serves practical economic purposes in families with sons and occurs when uxorilocal marriage is relatively prevalent. Using data from a survey in two counties of Shaanxi—Lueyang, where both kinds of uxorilocal marriage are prevalent, and Sanyuan, where uxorilocal marriage is rare and usually contingent—this paper employs logistic regression models in a quantitative comparative study of determinants of uxorilocal marriage in rural China. We show that the purposes and prevalence of the two types of uxorilocal marriage differ and that their determinants are also different in the two counties. In Sanyuan, the determinants are only a couple's sibling composition, membership in a large family clan, and educational level. In Lueyang, in addition to those determinants in Sanyuan, important contributions to the type of uxorilocal marriage include a couple's parental marriage type, age at marriage, adoption status, marriage arrangement, and their attitudes toward uxorilocal marriage. The results indicate the potential importance of encouraging uxorilocal marriage in rural areas as a means of mitigating demographic and social problems related to son preference, such as high sex ratio at birth and lack of old‐age security, which are projected for China's future.","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"48 1","pages":"125 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19485565.2001.9989031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60554404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-03-01DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2001.9989027
R. S. Oropesa, N. S. Landale, A. L. Dávila
Abstract Using data from a survey administered to a representative sample of mothers who gave birth in Puerto Rico in 1994–95, we investigate whether prenatal care and infant health outcomes are associated with family poverty and neighborhood poverty. The results show that infant health outcomes are unrelated to both family poverty and neighborhood poverty, despite the association of family poverty with the adequacy of prenatal care and the content of prenatal care. However, the poverty paradigm does receive some support using measures of participation in government programs that serve the low‐income population. Women who rely on the government to fund their medical care are more likely than women who rely on private health insurance to have an infant death. They are also less likely to receive the highest levels of prenatal care. Nonetheless, targeted government programs can have an ameliorative impact. The analysis shows that participants in the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program are more likely than non‐participants to receive superior levels of prenatal care and are less likely to have negative infant health outcomes.
{"title":"Poverty, prenatal care, and infant health in Puerto Rico","authors":"R. S. Oropesa, N. S. Landale, A. L. Dávila","doi":"10.1080/19485565.2001.9989027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2001.9989027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Using data from a survey administered to a representative sample of mothers who gave birth in Puerto Rico in 1994–95, we investigate whether prenatal care and infant health outcomes are associated with family poverty and neighborhood poverty. The results show that infant health outcomes are unrelated to both family poverty and neighborhood poverty, despite the association of family poverty with the adequacy of prenatal care and the content of prenatal care. However, the poverty paradigm does receive some support using measures of participation in government programs that serve the low‐income population. Women who rely on the government to fund their medical care are more likely than women who rely on private health insurance to have an infant death. They are also less likely to receive the highest levels of prenatal care. Nonetheless, targeted government programs can have an ameliorative impact. The analysis shows that participants in the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program are more likely than non‐participants to receive superior levels of prenatal care and are less likely to have negative infant health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"48 1","pages":"44 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19485565.2001.9989027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60554312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-03-01DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2001.9989026
A. Riley, M. Weinstein, J. Ridley, J. Mormino, T. Gorrindo
Abstract We examine whether age at menarche affects age at first marriage or first birth using two samples of U.S. women. Data are drawn from the Tremin Trust, a longitudinal study of menstrual cycles that recruited white women who were students at the University of Minnesota and from a survey of a nationally representative sample of white women born between 1900 and 1910. Regression models with cubic splines were used to analyze the relationship between age at menarche and age at first marriage. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the effect of age at menarche on the interval between marriage and first birth. Unlike earlier work, we found that once secular trends in both age at marriage and age at menarche were taken into account, there was no evidence that age at menarche affects either age at marriage or the timing of first births in these U.S. women.
摘要:我们研究初潮年龄是否影响初婚年龄或首次生育年龄使用两个样本的美国妇女。数据来自特雷明信托(Tremin Trust)，这是一项关于月经周期的纵向研究，招募了明尼苏达大学(University of Minnesota)的白人女性学生，并对出生在1900年至1910年之间的全国代表性白人女性样本进行了调查。采用三次样条回归模型分析初潮年龄与初婚年龄的关系。采用Cox比例风险模型检验初潮年龄对结婚至生育间隔的影响。与早期的工作不同，我们发现，一旦考虑到结婚年龄和初潮年龄的长期趋势，就没有证据表明初潮年龄影响这些美国女性的结婚年龄或第一次生育的时间。
{"title":"Menarcheal age and subsequent patterns of family formation","authors":"A. Riley, M. Weinstein, J. Ridley, J. Mormino, T. Gorrindo","doi":"10.1080/19485565.2001.9989026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2001.9989026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We examine whether age at menarche affects age at first marriage or first birth using two samples of U.S. women. Data are drawn from the Tremin Trust, a longitudinal study of menstrual cycles that recruited white women who were students at the University of Minnesota and from a survey of a nationally representative sample of white women born between 1900 and 1910. Regression models with cubic splines were used to analyze the relationship between age at menarche and age at first marriage. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the effect of age at menarche on the interval between marriage and first birth. Unlike earlier work, we found that once secular trends in both age at marriage and age at menarche were taken into account, there was no evidence that age at menarche affects either age at marriage or the timing of first births in these U.S. women.","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"48 1","pages":"21 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19485565.2001.9989026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60554153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-03-01DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2001.9989032
Xiushi Yang
Abstract Using Hubei province as a case study, this paper retests the detachment hypothesis against the three conventional hypotheses regarding migration‐fertility linkage (i.e., selectivity, disruption, and adaptation hypotheses) in explaining migrant and non‐migrant fertility differentials in China. The analysis of yearly order‐specific birth probabilities suggests that temporary migrants exhibit a significantly higher probability of having a second or higher order birth than comparable permanent migrants and non‐migrants. This higher fertility among temporary migrants occurs after migration; temporary migrants actually do not differ from non‐migrants in fertility before migration. But permanent migrants experience no significant change in their fertility after migration. The results lend a strong support to the detachment hypothesis, which best explains the fertility differentials between migrant and non‐migrant populations in contemporary China; the separation of temporary migrants’ actual residence from their official one does lead to a greater likelihood among temporary migrants to have unplanned births.
{"title":"Are temporary migrants escapees of the one‐child‐per‐family population policy: A revisit to the detachment hypothesis","authors":"Xiushi Yang","doi":"10.1080/19485565.2001.9989032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2001.9989032","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Using Hubei province as a case study, this paper retests the detachment hypothesis against the three conventional hypotheses regarding migration‐fertility linkage (i.e., selectivity, disruption, and adaptation hypotheses) in explaining migrant and non‐migrant fertility differentials in China. The analysis of yearly order‐specific birth probabilities suggests that temporary migrants exhibit a significantly higher probability of having a second or higher order birth than comparable permanent migrants and non‐migrants. This higher fertility among temporary migrants occurs after migration; temporary migrants actually do not differ from non‐migrants in fertility before migration. But permanent migrants experience no significant change in their fertility after migration. The results lend a strong support to the detachment hypothesis, which best explains the fertility differentials between migrant and non‐migrant populations in contemporary China; the separation of temporary migrants’ actual residence from their official one does lead to a greater likelihood among temporary migrants to have unplanned births.","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"48 1","pages":"151 - 170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19485565.2001.9989032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60554528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-03-01DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2001.9989028
B. Gorman, N. S. Landale, R. S. Oropesa
Abstract Using data from the Puerto Rican Maternal and Infant Health Study, we investigate the implications of family income and insurance status for well‐baby care among mainland Puerto Ricans. Given the socioeconomic disadvantage of Puerto Ricans, it is critical to understand the extent to which low income and lack of health insurance create barriers to well‐baby care and result in low utilization. The analysis shows that the income‐to‐needs ratio is related to barriers to well‐baby care, and a key intervening factor is insurance status. The odds of reporting any barriers to care are lowest among those with both adequate income and private health insurance. Access to insurance is also vital in achieving adequate well‐baby care. Uninsured children receive inadequate care more often than children with public or private insurance, especially when their income is also low. Children with public insurance are as likely as children with private insurance to receive an adequate number of well‐baby visits, despite the fact that their mothers report more barriers to care.
{"title":"Poverty, insurance, and well‐baby care among mainland Puerto Rican children","authors":"B. Gorman, N. S. Landale, R. S. Oropesa","doi":"10.1080/19485565.2001.9989028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2001.9989028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Using data from the Puerto Rican Maternal and Infant Health Study, we investigate the implications of family income and insurance status for well‐baby care among mainland Puerto Ricans. Given the socioeconomic disadvantage of Puerto Ricans, it is critical to understand the extent to which low income and lack of health insurance create barriers to well‐baby care and result in low utilization. The analysis shows that the income‐to‐needs ratio is related to barriers to well‐baby care, and a key intervening factor is insurance status. The odds of reporting any barriers to care are lowest among those with both adequate income and private health insurance. Access to insurance is also vital in achieving adequate well‐baby care. Uninsured children receive inadequate care more often than children with public or private insurance, especially when their income is also low. Children with public insurance are as likely as children with private insurance to receive an adequate number of well‐baby visits, despite the fact that their mothers report more barriers to care.","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"48 1","pages":"67 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19485565.2001.9989028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60554548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-03-01DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2001.9989029
J. Fellman, A. Eriksson
Abstract A knowledge of the seasonal variation in births and deaths during normal years is important for analyses of the effects of wars, famines, epidemics or similar privations on these two variables. In studies of seasonally, multiple trigonometric regression models are more flexible than the simple sine curve. The seasonal variation in mortality in Iceland, 1856–1990, shows a strong secular decrease, and a connection between this and the epidemiological transition is considered. As a consequence of the severe famine in Finland in 1867–68, the mortality for the whole year 1868 was almost four times as high as during normal years, and the seasonality of the mortality was even more accentuated. The birth rate in Finland during 1868 was about 70 percent of that during normal years and showed an aberrant seasonality, with a strong trough from October 1868 to February 1869 (fewer conceptions between January and May 1868, when the food shortage was severe).
{"title":"Regional, temporal, and seasonal variations in births and deaths: The effects of famines","authors":"J. Fellman, A. Eriksson","doi":"10.1080/19485565.2001.9989029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2001.9989029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A knowledge of the seasonal variation in births and deaths during normal years is important for analyses of the effects of wars, famines, epidemics or similar privations on these two variables. In studies of seasonally, multiple trigonometric regression models are more flexible than the simple sine curve. The seasonal variation in mortality in Iceland, 1856–1990, shows a strong secular decrease, and a connection between this and the epidemiological transition is considered. As a consequence of the severe famine in Finland in 1867–68, the mortality for the whole year 1868 was almost four times as high as during normal years, and the seasonality of the mortality was even more accentuated. The birth rate in Finland during 1868 was about 70 percent of that during normal years and showed an aberrant seasonality, with a strong trough from October 1868 to February 1869 (fewer conceptions between January and May 1868, when the food shortage was severe).","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"48 1","pages":"104 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19485565.2001.9989029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60554650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-01DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2000.9989018
N. Audinarayana, S. Krishnamoorthy
Abstract The data from the National Family Health Survey, 1992–1993, show that the extent of consanguinity is high (34.7 percent) in South India; 26.2 percent of women married close blood relatives, and 8.5 percent of women married distant blood relatives. A definite downward trend in the proportion of marriages between close blood relatives is observed. Education, age at marriage, religion and caste, and urban‐rural childhood residence have significant independent effects on consanguinity. The multinomial logistic regression analysis reveals that in South India the downward trend in the proportion of marriages between close blood relatives is entirely explained by rising age at marriage and women's education over time.
{"title":"Contribution of social and cultural factors to the decline in consanguinity in south India","authors":"N. Audinarayana, S. Krishnamoorthy","doi":"10.1080/19485565.2000.9989018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2000.9989018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The data from the National Family Health Survey, 1992–1993, show that the extent of consanguinity is high (34.7 percent) in South India; 26.2 percent of women married close blood relatives, and 8.5 percent of women married distant blood relatives. A definite downward trend in the proportion of marriages between close blood relatives is observed. Education, age at marriage, religion and caste, and urban‐rural childhood residence have significant independent effects on consanguinity. The multinomial logistic regression analysis reveals that in South India the downward trend in the proportion of marriages between close blood relatives is entirely explained by rising age at marriage and women's education over time.","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"47 1","pages":"189 - 200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19485565.2000.9989018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60553494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-01DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2000.9989023
Zheng Wu, K. H. Burch, R. Hart, J. Veevers
Abstract This study provides a much‐needed exploration of the determinants of age‐discrepant unions in Canada. What little research has been conducted in this area of sociology of the family is now outdated. Further, the growing number of Canadians living in nonmarital cohabitation warrants their inclusion in any consideration of contemporary, heterosexual unions, and we have done so here. Utilizing multinomial Iogit modeling techniques, we analyze data drawn from the 1995 Canadian General Social Survey. We find that cohabitations and remarriages are more likely to be age‐discrepant than marriages, and that as age at union formation increases, so does the likelihood that the union will be age‐heterogamous. Although we hypothesized a positive relationship between education and the chances of age‐heterogamous unions because the availability of eligible mates may decrease with education, we actually find an inverse association for women: a one‐level increase in education decreases a woman's odds of entering an age‐discrepant union by about 4 percent. We speculate that for women, greater education (economic position) may increase age‐homogamy because they may be more economically attractive and thus more able to select a partner of their own age.
{"title":"Age‐Heterogamy and Canadian Unions","authors":"Zheng Wu, K. H. Burch, R. Hart, J. Veevers","doi":"10.1080/19485565.2000.9989023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2000.9989023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study provides a much‐needed exploration of the determinants of age‐discrepant unions in Canada. What little research has been conducted in this area of sociology of the family is now outdated. Further, the growing number of Canadians living in nonmarital cohabitation warrants their inclusion in any consideration of contemporary, heterosexual unions, and we have done so here. Utilizing multinomial Iogit modeling techniques, we analyze data drawn from the 1995 Canadian General Social Survey. We find that cohabitations and remarriages are more likely to be age‐discrepant than marriages, and that as age at union formation increases, so does the likelihood that the union will be age‐heterogamous. Although we hypothesized a positive relationship between education and the chances of age‐heterogamous unions because the availability of eligible mates may decrease with education, we actually find an inverse association for women: a one‐level increase in education decreases a woman's odds of entering an age‐discrepant union by about 4 percent. We speculate that for women, greater education (economic position) may increase age‐homogamy because they may be more economically attractive and thus more able to select a partner of their own age.","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"47 1","pages":"277 - 293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19485565.2000.9989023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60554024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-01DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2000.9989020
Somaya El-Saadani
Abstract This study is concerned with a major, though relatively neglected, reproductive health issue: fetal loss. In particular, the determinants of spontaneous intrauterine mortality in Egypt are investigated with stress on the demographic determinants. To this end, a conceptual framework is developed. Using pregnancy history data from a national survey conducted in Egypt in 1995, the determinants of spontaneous intrauterine fetal deaths among currently married women aged 18–45 are examined using multiple logistic models. It is found that the probability of intrauterine fetal loss rises with maternal age. The apparent positive association of the risk with gravidity is shown to be an artifact, due to the heterogeneity among women with respect to the risk of pregnancy loss, the consequent selection process, and reproductive compensation behavior according to the “success/failure” stopping rule. Therefore, high fertility cannot be said to cause spontaneous fetal loss. Two other features of a woman's reproduction are of strong significance, namely, her pregnancy history and spacing among pregnancies. Once a woman suffers from spontaneous fetal loss, the probability of undergoing further pregnancy losses rises sharply. And the shorter the pregnancy interval, the higher the probability of pregnancy loss. Pregnancies conceived after long intervals are less likely to end in loss.
{"title":"High fertility does not cause spontaneous intrauterine fetal loss: The determinants of spontaneous fetal loss in Egypt","authors":"Somaya El-Saadani","doi":"10.1080/19485565.2000.9989020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2000.9989020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study is concerned with a major, though relatively neglected, reproductive health issue: fetal loss. In particular, the determinants of spontaneous intrauterine mortality in Egypt are investigated with stress on the demographic determinants. To this end, a conceptual framework is developed. Using pregnancy history data from a national survey conducted in Egypt in 1995, the determinants of spontaneous intrauterine fetal deaths among currently married women aged 18–45 are examined using multiple logistic models. It is found that the probability of intrauterine fetal loss rises with maternal age. The apparent positive association of the risk with gravidity is shown to be an artifact, due to the heterogeneity among women with respect to the risk of pregnancy loss, the consequent selection process, and reproductive compensation behavior according to the “success/failure” stopping rule. Therefore, high fertility cannot be said to cause spontaneous fetal loss. Two other features of a woman's reproduction are of strong significance, namely, her pregnancy history and spacing among pregnancies. Once a woman suffers from spontaneous fetal loss, the probability of undergoing further pregnancy losses rises sharply. And the shorter the pregnancy interval, the higher the probability of pregnancy loss. Pregnancies conceived after long intervals are less likely to end in loss.","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"47 1","pages":"218 - 243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19485565.2000.9989020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60553264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-01DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2000.9989016
L. Williams, J. Abma
Abstract A number of checks can be done to assess reliability of attitudinal data pertaining to fertility. We ascertain how births that would be considered unintended, based on Time 1 reports of fertility intentions, are classified by respondents at a second interview after the birth occurred. The 1988 National Survey of Family Growth and a telephone reinterview allow us to identify respondents who initially intended to postpone or stop childbearing, but who then had a birth, and to analyze the reports they gave of the wantedness of the pregnancy leading to the birth. We also examine wantedness responses of women who claimed in 1988 that they intended to conceive within the next few years. Reports are compared across a range of respondent characteristics and circumstances, including changes in marital status since the initial interview. The analysis reveals nontrivial inconsistency between women's stated birth intentions and their reports about the wantedness of subsequent births. Details across subgroups are examined. Results also provide new information about effects of duration since birth on intention reports.
{"title":"Birth wantedness reports: A look forward and a look back","authors":"L. Williams, J. Abma","doi":"10.1080/19485565.2000.9989016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19485565.2000.9989016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A number of checks can be done to assess reliability of attitudinal data pertaining to fertility. We ascertain how births that would be considered unintended, based on Time 1 reports of fertility intentions, are classified by respondents at a second interview after the birth occurred. The 1988 National Survey of Family Growth and a telephone reinterview allow us to identify respondents who initially intended to postpone or stop childbearing, but who then had a birth, and to analyze the reports they gave of the wantedness of the pregnancy leading to the birth. We also examine wantedness responses of women who claimed in 1988 that they intended to conceive within the next few years. Reports are compared across a range of respondent characteristics and circumstances, including changes in marital status since the initial interview. The analysis reveals nontrivial inconsistency between women's stated birth intentions and their reports about the wantedness of subsequent births. Details across subgroups are examined. Results also provide new information about effects of duration since birth on intention reports.","PeriodicalId":76544,"journal":{"name":"Social biology","volume":"115 1","pages":"147 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/19485565.2000.9989016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60553129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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