{"title":":The Dating Divide: Race and Desire in the Era of Online Romance","authors":"S. Buggs","doi":"10.1086/723010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7658,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sociology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42204927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":American Ideas of Equality: A Social History, 1750–2020","authors":"Fatma Müge Göçek","doi":"10.1086/723432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723432","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7658,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sociology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43372062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Wodtke, Ugur Yildirim, D. Harding, Felix Elwert
It is widely hypothesized that neighborhood effects on academic achievement are explained by differences in the quality of schools attended by resident children. The authors evaluate this hypothesis using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study and a diverse set of measures to capture a school’s effectiveness, resources, and climate. They implement a novel decomposition that separates the overall effect of neighborhood poverty into components due to mediation versus interaction via these different factors. Results indicate that living in a disadvantaged neighborhood reduces academic achievement. But the authors find little evidence that neighborhood effects are mediated by or interact with any of their measures for school quality. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for theory, research, and policy, addressing the link between concentrated poverty and educational inequality.
{"title":"Are Neighborhood Effects Explained by Differences in School Quality?","authors":"G. Wodtke, Ugur Yildirim, D. Harding, Felix Elwert","doi":"10.1086/724279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724279","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely hypothesized that neighborhood effects on academic achievement are explained by differences in the quality of schools attended by resident children. The authors evaluate this hypothesis using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study and a diverse set of measures to capture a school’s effectiveness, resources, and climate. They implement a novel decomposition that separates the overall effect of neighborhood poverty into components due to mediation versus interaction via these different factors. Results indicate that living in a disadvantaged neighborhood reduces academic achievement. But the authors find little evidence that neighborhood effects are mediated by or interact with any of their measures for school quality. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for theory, research, and policy, addressing the link between concentrated poverty and educational inequality.","PeriodicalId":7658,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sociology","volume":"128 1","pages":"1472 - 1528"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46063847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article asks whether the experience of a boom-and-bust cycle renders economic actors more or less likely to engage in risky financial activities in the future. The financialization of U.S. households has occurred in the context of two successive mass-participatory asset bubbles: first in the stock market during the 1990s and later in the housing market during the 2000s. Behavioral economic theories predict that prior experience of market crashes should dampen speculative tendencies and prompt actors to behave more conservatively. By contrast, the authors build on the sociological literature about the financialization of daily life to develop an alternative hypothesis: that participation in financial markets increases actors’ tendencies to engage in risky investment by socializing them to attend to novel market opportunities. The authors test these alternatives using panel data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979. Results from both control function and matched regression models reveal that those who participated more directly in the late 1990s stock market were more prone to invest aggressively in the mid-2000s housing market. These positive effects obtain irrespective of whether households gained or lost wealth during the bubble. The results provide new evidence about how financial capitalism is reshaping economic behavior.
{"title":"Boom, Bust, Repeat: Financial Market Participation and Cycles of Speculation","authors":"Adam Goldstein, C. Knight","doi":"10.1086/723953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723953","url":null,"abstract":"This article asks whether the experience of a boom-and-bust cycle renders economic actors more or less likely to engage in risky financial activities in the future. The financialization of U.S. households has occurred in the context of two successive mass-participatory asset bubbles: first in the stock market during the 1990s and later in the housing market during the 2000s. Behavioral economic theories predict that prior experience of market crashes should dampen speculative tendencies and prompt actors to behave more conservatively. By contrast, the authors build on the sociological literature about the financialization of daily life to develop an alternative hypothesis: that participation in financial markets increases actors’ tendencies to engage in risky investment by socializing them to attend to novel market opportunities. The authors test these alternatives using panel data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979. Results from both control function and matched regression models reveal that those who participated more directly in the late 1990s stock market were more prone to invest aggressively in the mid-2000s housing market. These positive effects obtain irrespective of whether households gained or lost wealth during the bubble. The results provide new evidence about how financial capitalism is reshaping economic behavior.","PeriodicalId":7658,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sociology","volume":"128 1","pages":"1430 - 1471"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47768602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Does alienation draw individuals toward social movements? Midcentury sociologists argued this to be the case, but scholars from the 1970s onward broke from this consensus. The evidentiary basis for this turn was sparse, however, with research seldom measuring different forms of alienation or addressing stages before mobilization. The current study uses four-wave panel data from the National Study of Youth and Religion (2003–13) to examine how alienation and social relationships during the transition from adolescence into young adulthood predict eventual social movement participation. The analysis finds that, while powerlessness dissuades individuals from movements, alienation in the forms of meaninglessness and social isolation is a strong predictor of participation in movements across the political spectrum (Occupy Wall Street and Tea Party Movement). Group involvement is not found to distinguish participants until stages proximal to mobilization. The study underscores the importance of early life socialization for understanding who protests.
{"title":"Alienation and Activism","authors":"Miloš Broćić","doi":"10.1086/724267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724267","url":null,"abstract":"Does alienation draw individuals toward social movements? Midcentury sociologists argued this to be the case, but scholars from the 1970s onward broke from this consensus. The evidentiary basis for this turn was sparse, however, with research seldom measuring different forms of alienation or addressing stages before mobilization. The current study uses four-wave panel data from the National Study of Youth and Religion (2003–13) to examine how alienation and social relationships during the transition from adolescence into young adulthood predict eventual social movement participation. The analysis finds that, while powerlessness dissuades individuals from movements, alienation in the forms of meaninglessness and social isolation is a strong predictor of participation in movements across the political spectrum (Occupy Wall Street and Tea Party Movement). Group involvement is not found to distinguish participants until stages proximal to mobilization. The study underscores the importance of early life socialization for understanding who protests.","PeriodicalId":7658,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sociology","volume":"128 1","pages":"1291 - 1334"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43631537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":Getting It, Having It, Keeping It Up: Straight Men’s Sexuality in Public and Private","authors":"Douglas P. Schrock","doi":"10.1086/723538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723538","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7658,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sociology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47464720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Integration into the international community is typically used to explain liberal outcomes. However, is it possible that such integration can also explain rising illiberalism? Using the case of LGBT+ rights, I argue that backlash to liberal norms is increasingly organized transnationally and that exposure to global norms via integration explains both liberal and illiberal outcomes. I test this argument through extensive original data collection and by using time-series cross-section, multinomial, and cross-lagged panel models. Robust findings reveal how exposure to global norms spurs policy backlashes—not just expansions—depending on how countries are situated within pro- and anti-LGBT+ transnational networks. This study contributes to our understanding of the changing international system by revealing how illiberal actors use mechanisms built by the liberal international community to transnationally organize and advance illiberal norms—ultimately fueling the deinstitutionalization of once-dominant liberal models.
{"title":"Transnational Backlash and the Deinstitutionalization of Liberal Norms: LGBT+ Rights in a Contested World","authors":"Kristopher Velasco","doi":"10.1086/724724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724724","url":null,"abstract":"Integration into the international community is typically used to explain liberal outcomes. However, is it possible that such integration can also explain rising illiberalism? Using the case of LGBT+ rights, I argue that backlash to liberal norms is increasingly organized transnationally and that exposure to global norms via integration explains both liberal and illiberal outcomes. I test this argument through extensive original data collection and by using time-series cross-section, multinomial, and cross-lagged panel models. Robust findings reveal how exposure to global norms spurs policy backlashes—not just expansions—depending on how countries are situated within pro- and anti-LGBT+ transnational networks. This study contributes to our understanding of the changing international system by revealing how illiberal actors use mechanisms built by the liberal international community to transnationally organize and advance illiberal norms—ultimately fueling the deinstitutionalization of once-dominant liberal models.","PeriodicalId":7658,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sociology","volume":"128 1","pages":"1381 - 1429"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48619119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":Constructing Community: Urban Governance, Development, and Inequality in Boston","authors":"Armando Lara-Millan","doi":"10.1086/723662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723662","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7658,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sociology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44869992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":The Government of Emergency: Vital Systems, Expertise, and the Politics of Security","authors":"K. Tierney","doi":"10.1086/721688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721688","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7658,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sociology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45982065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article advances the moral philosophical concept of supererogation as a sociological process through which organizational action outstrips externally imposed evaluative demands. It illuminates this process by following 200 nonprofits in the San Francisco Bay Area from 2002 to 2016, when they became subject to myriad accountability obligations. Interviews, surveys, and content analyses show that nonprofits chafed against compulsory reporting and evaluative standards, regarding them as ill-suited to their work and goals. Contrary to current perspectives in organizational theory, however, nonprofits neither minimized external scrutiny nor conformed to external criteria. Instead, they disclosed more information than required. Despite nonprofits’ misgivings about oversight obligations, they nevertheless identified with the broader ideal of accountability these demands represented. Navigating this tension, nonprofits repurposed newly salient evaluative practices as tools through which unique goals and values could be given facticity. Through supererogation, nonprofits surpassed mere compliance and pursued accountability in organizationally distinctive ways.
{"title":"Organizational Supererogation and the Transformation of Nonprofit Accountability","authors":"A. Horvath","doi":"10.1086/723799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723799","url":null,"abstract":"This article advances the moral philosophical concept of supererogation as a sociological process through which organizational action outstrips externally imposed evaluative demands. It illuminates this process by following 200 nonprofits in the San Francisco Bay Area from 2002 to 2016, when they became subject to myriad accountability obligations. Interviews, surveys, and content analyses show that nonprofits chafed against compulsory reporting and evaluative standards, regarding them as ill-suited to their work and goals. Contrary to current perspectives in organizational theory, however, nonprofits neither minimized external scrutiny nor conformed to external criteria. Instead, they disclosed more information than required. Despite nonprofits’ misgivings about oversight obligations, they nevertheless identified with the broader ideal of accountability these demands represented. Navigating this tension, nonprofits repurposed newly salient evaluative practices as tools through which unique goals and values could be given facticity. Through supererogation, nonprofits surpassed mere compliance and pursued accountability in organizationally distinctive ways.","PeriodicalId":7658,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sociology","volume":"128 1","pages":"1031 - 1076"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47711737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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