{"title":":<i>The Biomedical Empire: Lessons Learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic</i>","authors":"Lenore Manderson","doi":"10.1086/725103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725103","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7658,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sociology","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135736809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author investigates why some framings of climate change are publicized in American mainstream media while others are not, examining organizational power and cultural resonance as two paths through which messages may gain visibility. First, she uses automated text analysis to identify climate change frames in interest groups’ press releases (N=1,768), coding frames for features believed to heighten cultural resonance. Then, she uses plagiarism-detection software to identify which messages were publicized in three major newspapers, 1985–2014. She finds that policy messages from structurally powerful interest groups such as business coalitions have received disproportionate media attention in the US climate debate. However, organizational resources alone are not determinative of messages’ success. Political messages are also more likely to receive visibility when they leverage sources of cultural power, such as by appealing to the latent worldviews of American audiences or their pragmatic concerns at particular historical moments. Results suggest both cultural and organizational power have shaped the perspectives given visibility in the American climate change debate, while also describing limits on either form of power to determine media discourse.
{"title":"Money and Meaning in the Climate Change Debate: Organizational Power, Cultural Resonance, and the Shaping of American Media Discourse","authors":"Rachel Wetts","doi":"10.1086/726747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/726747","url":null,"abstract":"The author investigates why some framings of climate change are publicized in American mainstream media while others are not, examining organizational power and cultural resonance as two paths through which messages may gain visibility. First, she uses automated text analysis to identify climate change frames in interest groups’ press releases (N=1,768), coding frames for features believed to heighten cultural resonance. Then, she uses plagiarism-detection software to identify which messages were publicized in three major newspapers, 1985–2014. She finds that policy messages from structurally powerful interest groups such as business coalitions have received disproportionate media attention in the US climate debate. However, organizational resources alone are not determinative of messages’ success. Political messages are also more likely to receive visibility when they leverage sources of cultural power, such as by appealing to the latent worldviews of American audiences or their pragmatic concerns at particular historical moments. Results suggest both cultural and organizational power have shaped the perspectives given visibility in the American climate change debate, while also describing limits on either form of power to determine media discourse.","PeriodicalId":7658,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sociology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135736800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Previous articleNext article Book ReviewWillful Defiance: The Movement to Dismantle the School-to-Prison Pipeline. By Mark R. Warren. New York: Oxford University Press, 2022. Pp. ix+334. $99.00 (cloth); $22.95 (paper).Nora GrossNora GrossColumbia University Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmailPrint SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by American Journal of Sociology Volume 129, Number 2September 2023 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/726177 For permission to reuse a book review printed in the American Journal of Sociology, please contact [email protected].PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.
{"title":":<i>Willful Defiance: The Movement to Dismantle the School-to-Prison Pipeline</i>","authors":"Nora Gross","doi":"10.1086/726177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/726177","url":null,"abstract":"Previous articleNext article Book ReviewWillful Defiance: The Movement to Dismantle the School-to-Prison Pipeline. By Mark R. Warren. New York: Oxford University Press, 2022. Pp. ix+334. $99.00 (cloth); $22.95 (paper).Nora GrossNora GrossColumbia University Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmailPrint SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by American Journal of Sociology Volume 129, Number 2September 2023 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/726177 For permission to reuse a book review printed in the American Journal of Sociology, please contact [email protected].PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.","PeriodicalId":7658,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sociology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135738323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher I. Rider, James B. Wade, A. Swaminathan, A. Schwab
The authors propose that racial disparity in organizational leadership representation will persist until valuative bias favoring white men ceases to influence advancement from the lower-level positions where most careers begin. They consider how racial disparity results from the organizational matching of individuals to positions with different advancement prospects (i.e., allocative bias) and by the provision of differential rewards within those positions (i.e., valuative bias). Analyzing career history data for over 1,300 National Football League coaches from 1985 to 2015, the authors find that white assistant coaches were promoted at higher rates than Black coaches—holding constant many factors including unit and individual performance—both before and after a league-wide intervention explicitly implemented to close the racial gap in leadership representation. They further demonstrate that this white promotion advantage is specific to the position typically occupied before promotion to head coach. Simulations demonstrate how racial disparity persists even absent bias in positional allocations; eliminating valuative bias at early career stages is, thus, necessary to achieve racial parity in leadership representation.
{"title":"Racial Disparity in Leadership: Evidence of Valuative Bias in the Promotions of National Football League Coaches","authors":"Christopher I. Rider, James B. Wade, A. Swaminathan, A. Schwab","doi":"10.1086/725389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725389","url":null,"abstract":"The authors propose that racial disparity in organizational leadership representation will persist until valuative bias favoring white men ceases to influence advancement from the lower-level positions where most careers begin. They consider how racial disparity results from the organizational matching of individuals to positions with different advancement prospects (i.e., allocative bias) and by the provision of differential rewards within those positions (i.e., valuative bias). Analyzing career history data for over 1,300 National Football League coaches from 1985 to 2015, the authors find that white assistant coaches were promoted at higher rates than Black coaches—holding constant many factors including unit and individual performance—both before and after a league-wide intervention explicitly implemented to close the racial gap in leadership representation. They further demonstrate that this white promotion advantage is specific to the position typically occupied before promotion to head coach. Simulations demonstrate how racial disparity persists even absent bias in positional allocations; eliminating valuative bias at early career stages is, thus, necessary to achieve racial parity in leadership representation.","PeriodicalId":7658,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sociology","volume":"129 1","pages":"227 - 275"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42688596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethnic boundary crossing takes two different forms that have distinct triggers, traits, and potential outcomes: transitory crossing, which is typically short-term, reversible, and triggered by microcontextual cues, and durable crossing, which is a longer-lasting, gradual process motivated by macropolitical forces such as social movements and government policies. This theoretical distinction helps explain the unexpected growth in the long stigmatized self-identified indigenous population in Mexico, which has tripled since 2000. Using a demographic projection model, the authors find that natural demographic processes contributed little to this sudden growth. Instead, using experimental and census data, they find that transitory crossing into the indigenous category was activated by phrasing changes to the 2010 census identification question. The authors theorize that durable crossing is being simultaneously activated by the growing salience of the indigenous movement and the Mexican government’s embrace of multiculturalism. These political factors appear to be shaping the social meaning of indigeneity itself.
{"title":"Transitory versus Durable Boundary Crossing: What Explains the Indigenous Population Boom in Mexico?","authors":"René D. Flores, M. Loria, Regina Martínez Casas","doi":"10.1086/725337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725337","url":null,"abstract":"Ethnic boundary crossing takes two different forms that have distinct triggers, traits, and potential outcomes: transitory crossing, which is typically short-term, reversible, and triggered by microcontextual cues, and durable crossing, which is a longer-lasting, gradual process motivated by macropolitical forces such as social movements and government policies. This theoretical distinction helps explain the unexpected growth in the long stigmatized self-identified indigenous population in Mexico, which has tripled since 2000. Using a demographic projection model, the authors find that natural demographic processes contributed little to this sudden growth. Instead, using experimental and census data, they find that transitory crossing into the indigenous category was activated by phrasing changes to the 2010 census identification question. The authors theorize that durable crossing is being simultaneously activated by the growing salience of the indigenous movement and the Mexican government’s embrace of multiculturalism. These political factors appear to be shaping the social meaning of indigeneity itself.","PeriodicalId":7658,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sociology","volume":"129 1","pages":"123 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41976665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":Precarious Asia: Global Capitalism and Work in Japan, South Korea, and Indonesia","authors":"M. Brinton","doi":"10.1086/724885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724885","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7658,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sociology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43066563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Punitive policies of welfare and criminal legal systems reflect a shared orientation governing social marginality. The welfare drug bans, which prohibit people convicted of drug-related felonies from receiving cash assistance and food stamps, are a key example of increasing synergies between the two systems. In this article, we examine whether the bans increase recidivism by leveraging a methodologically rigorous approach using administrative data from California to compare rearrest rates among people convicted before and after the bans. We find that the cash assistance ban has no measurable impact on recidivism, but the food stamps ban hastens time to arrest, particularly in counties with more accessible policies and more generous benefits. We also find differences in the bans” effects by gender and race/ethnicity, with consequences concentrated among non-Hispanic White and Black men. The findings underscore the importance of inclusive welfare systems for protecting against repeat contact with the criminal legal system.
{"title":"Welfare Drug Bans and Criminal Legal Cycling","authors":"Naomi F Sugie, Carol Newark","doi":"10.1086/725424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725424","url":null,"abstract":"Punitive policies of welfare and criminal legal systems reflect a shared orientation governing social marginality. The welfare drug bans, which prohibit people convicted of drug-related felonies from receiving cash assistance and food stamps, are a key example of increasing synergies between the two systems. In this article, we examine whether the bans increase recidivism by leveraging a methodologically rigorous approach using administrative data from California to compare rearrest rates among people convicted before and after the bans. We find that the cash assistance ban has no measurable impact on recidivism, but the food stamps ban hastens time to arrest, particularly in counties with more accessible policies and more generous benefits. We also find differences in the bans” effects by gender and race/ethnicity, with consequences concentrated among non-Hispanic White and Black men. The findings underscore the importance of inclusive welfare systems for protecting against repeat contact with the criminal legal system.","PeriodicalId":7658,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sociology","volume":"129 1","pages":"41 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44713273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article centers boredom as a racialized emotion by analyzing how it can come to characterize encounters with histories of racial oppression. Drawing on data collected in two racially diverse South African high schools, I document how and why students framed the history of apartheid as boring. To do so, I capitalize on the comparative interest shown in the Holocaust, which they studied the same year. Whereas the Holocaust was told as a psychosocial causal narrative, apartheid was presented primarily through lists of laws and events. A lack of causal narrative hindered students’ ability to carry the story into the present and created a sense of disengagement. Boredom muted discussions of the ongoing legacies of the past and functioned as an emotional defense of the status quo. I discuss the implications for literatures on racialized emotions, collective memory, and history education.
{"title":"(Not) Feeling the Past: Boredom as a Racialized Emotion","authors":"Chana Teeger","doi":"10.1086/725803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725803","url":null,"abstract":"This article centers boredom as a racialized emotion by analyzing how it can come to characterize encounters with histories of racial oppression. Drawing on data collected in two racially diverse South African high schools, I document how and why students framed the history of apartheid as boring. To do so, I capitalize on the comparative interest shown in the Holocaust, which they studied the same year. Whereas the Holocaust was told as a psychosocial causal narrative, apartheid was presented primarily through lists of laws and events. A lack of causal narrative hindered students’ ability to carry the story into the present and created a sense of disengagement. Boredom muted discussions of the ongoing legacies of the past and functioned as an emotional defense of the status quo. I discuss the implications for literatures on racialized emotions, collective memory, and history education.","PeriodicalId":7658,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sociology","volume":"129 1","pages":"1 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48682631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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