The International journal of the addictions最新文献

The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) was evaluated for its psychometric qualities in a Dutch alcoholic population admitted to an addiction treatment center in The Netherlands. Its factorial structure in this population was found to be consistent with the established six factor structure of the ASI. Reliability analysis revealed that the homogeneity of the subscales was acceptable with the exception of the Alcohol Scale. The six subscales were not highly intercorrelated. The results of this study indicate that the ASI is a useful instrument for the assessment of several problems associated with alcoholism. However, the Alcohol Scale appears to be limited as a diagnostic and research instrument in the field of inpatient treatment of alcohol dependence in The Netherlands.

A survey of 481 homeless persons in Cook County, Illinois, was conducted to assess the prevalence of alcohol and illicit drug use in this population, and potential treatment needs. Respondents were sampled at random in emergency and transitional shelters, soup kitchens, drop-in centers, and single room occupancy (SRO) hotels. Approximately 30% were characterized as having alcohol-related treatment needs. A slightly smaller proportion (26.7%) were estimated to have treatment needs associated with drug use behavior, and 13.5% were found to have both alcohol and drug-related, or dual, treatment needs. Those with alcohol user treatment needs were mostly male, age 35 and older, White, and living in SRO hotels. In contrast, persons with drug user treatment needs found in shelter settings. Implications for the treatment of homeless persons with substance misuse problems are discussed.

This self-report questionnaire study revealed that adult children of alcoholics (ACAs, n = 49) were significantly different from adult children from normal families (ACNs, (n = 55) on five of nine Bell Object Relations Reality Testing Inventory (BORRTI; Bell, 1988) scales and from adult children from dysfunctional families (ACDs, n = 48) on the Reality Testing summary score. Both ACAs and ACDs were similar to each other and different from ACNs on Insecure Attachment and on two family background ratings- perceived quality of paternal and maternal caregiving. Discussion of these results plus separate exploratory regression analyses followed.

The past 15 years of published literature on the use/misuse of non-prescription psychoactive substances in Nigeria was reviewed. It was found that alcohol, tobacco products, cannabis, and stimulants are more frequently used than other substances. More males than females, more single than married persons, and more urban than rural residents use the substances. As a result of insufficient information, it could not be established who uses the substances more among different age, religious, social class, educational, and occupational categories. The incidence of substance misuse could not be established precisely because most of the authors did not clearly distinguish substance use from substance misuse. However, a low incidence of chemical dependency was established. Improved research methodology was suggested as a way of obtaining better results in the future.

The purpose of this article is to test the effects of predictive and situational factors on alcohol use among a sample of rural youth. Five predictive factors accounted for 57% of the variance in frequency of alcohol use among the total sample, based on stepwise regression analysis. The predictive factors also accounted for 38% of the variance in frequency of drinking when the regression analysis was restricted only to those who drink. Controlling for these and entering situational factors into the regression analysis accounted for an additional 16% of the variance. Six situational factors were statistically significant, five of which concerned various locations for drinking.

Values of 42 Alaska Native clients, 30 Alaska Native counselors, and 19 non-Native counselors at seven Indian Health Service inpatient alcoholism treatment programs in Alaska are compared. Using the Rokeach Value Survey, differences were revealed on six instrumental values and six terminal values. The primary value disparities were between the Alaska Native groups and non-Native counselors. Specifically, both Alaska Native groups placed greater importance on values that were other-focused while the non-Native counselors placed more importance on values that were self-focused. Minor differences were noted also between clients and both groups of counselors. Therapeutic implications of such values disparities are discussed as are possible avenues to remediate the problem.

This study tested a cognitive-behavioral intervention for reducing alcohol consumption among economically disadvantaged pregnant women. The intervention included a 10-minute educational session and a nine-step self-help manual. Women attending public health maternity clinics completed a screening questionnaire, a pretest questionnaire, were randomly assigned to receive the self-help intervention or usual clinic care, and completed a posttest questionnaire. A higher alcohol quit rate was observed among the intervention participants (88%) than controls (69%). The effect was strongest for "light" drinkers, African-Americans, and non-Protestants. This approach may be useful in clinics where staff time is limited.

For those drug addicts who do not meet the United States federal government regulations for methadone maintenance, methadone detoxification remains the primary option for treatment. Studies on the effectiveness of 21-day methadone detoxification, however, report low completion rates and high relapse. Revisions to the standard 21-day detoxification are needed. The research literature suggests that offering psychosocial services within an extended 180-day protocol may be an effective mode of treatment for those addicts who do not meet the requirements for entering methadone maintenance, or do not desire maintenance. Methadone Transition Treatment (MTT) is an innovative treatment organized around this strategy. MTT is transitional in that emphasis is place on working with patients to enter longer-term treatment. To aid the development of similar programs at other institutions, we describe the specific procedures of the MTT model and provide an evaluation of the model based on findings from an initial pilot study.