The Journal of computed tomography最新文献

A rare case of solitary neurofibroma of the vagus nerve in the aortopulmonary window masquerading as a developmental cyst is reported. Its computed tomographic characteristics and magnetic resonance imaging are described and correlated with pathologic findings. Although the features of such imaging modalities are quite characteristic for a neurofibroma, its differentiation from “atypical” developmental cysts may be difficult.

The computed tomographic findings in a case of complicated acute cholecystitis after surgery unrelated to the biliary tree are described. Postoperative cholecystitis is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and early diagnosis by appropriate imaging modalities and prompt surgical intervention is essential in the successful management of this complication.

We report the imaging findings of an abdominal aggressive angiomyxoma, which communicated with the gastrointestinal tract. The literature on this rare tumor is reviewed.

Identification of a psoas abscess is often a diagnostic challenge. In this case report the diagnosis and subsequent treatment of a psoas abscess previously suggested by computed tomography was greatly enhanced by magnetic resonance imaging.

The classic radiographic appearance of pulmonary aspergilloma is a solid, round, often mobile intracavitary mass. We describe an unusual “cavity-incavity” appearance seen on conventional roentgenograms and computed tomography studies in two patients with confirmed pulmonary aspergilloma. We are not aware of any previous report describing such appearance based on literature search.

Epiphrenic diverticulum is typically demonstrated by computed tomography examination as a thin walled, air or air-fluid filled structure communicating with the esophagus. However, those not associated with a distal esophageal obstruction (stricture, achalasia) may remain contracted in resting state and thus may not be visible. Occasionally the diverticulum may have to be differentiated from mediastinal abscess or tumors and even hiatus hernia.

Intrathoracic lipomas are often asymptomatic and incidentally discovered on routine chest radiographs. An infarcted, pedunculated thoracic lipoma causing chest pain is described. The possibility of liposarcoma was suggested by an inhomogeneous computed tomography appearance and an attenuation value that was greater than that of normal subcutaneous fat.

High resolution, narrow collimation, axial computed tomography of the stern oclavicular joint was used to describe changes secondary to degenerative joint disease in 32 cadaveric specimens. The distribution and pattern of sclerosis, cystic changes, and osteophyte formation in the axial plane were well demonstrated using this technique. Joint space narrowing was sometimes difficult to assess. Subtle joint space calcification was exquisitely demonstrated using computed tomography. Clavicular head cupping, an anatomic variant, may predispose to more severe degenerative change. Computed tomography is an excellent means to analyze the sternoclavicular joint for the presence of degenerative joint disease and may be the imaging modality of choice in assessing articular disorders of the sternoclavicular joint.

Involvement of the temporal bone in histiocytosis X is seen in about one-third of the cases at onset, is bilateral in 31% of cases, and is often clinically silent. We report two cases of histiocytosis X with temporal bone involvement and emphasize the usefulness of computed tomography in detecting such a lesion, noting its extraskeletal extension, and following the course of the disease.

Fifty-five computed tomography scans in 27 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were reviewed. The most frequent indication for scanning was suspected intraabdominal sepsis, and the most frequent finding was mild lymphadenopathy. Renal abnormalities were: subcapsular hematoma, focal defects, overall enlargement, and diminution of size. Other findings included serositis, bowel wall thickening with pneumatosis interstinalis, pancreatic pseudocyst, and hepatic and splenic enlargement. Five abscesses were found that were indistinguishable from other fluid collections. Computed tomography was helpful in clinical evaluation and in some cases changed management.