Materials are submitted on electron-microscopic studying of alive and inactivated Coxiella in their interaction with murine cells during 28 days observations. The most variability of Coxiella morphologic types is shown to be found in spleen. The structure of endospora type is described. Several types of phagosomes are revealed and described.
We compared the sensitivity of indirect hemagglutination and indirect hemolysis tests by detection of antibodies in sera of man, rabbits and sheep after infection with R. slovaca, R. sibirica and C. burnetii. We found that the titres of antibodies in indirect hemolysis are 4 times higher than in indirect hemagglutination namely with the sera of man, rabbits and sheep. This method can be recommended for diagnoses of rickettsiae of Spotted fever group.
Q fever as one of infections with natural foci is characterized by epidemic outbreaks. Biologic plasticity and ecologic peculiarities of Coxiella determine its wide distribution and development of Q fever infections which are disseminated almost every-where. They occur in two, i. e. natural and agricultural types of foci. Present paper characterizes their structures, maintenance and peculiarities if their existence. It should be emphasized that single cases of disease as well as outbreaks of Q fever originate usually from agricultural foci, where the source of the infection are livestock, sheep and goats. Data are presented on the involvement of these animals into circulation of coxiellae in various countries of the world. It was shown that agricultural foci of Q fever depending upon close connection with domestic animals are determined in many aspects by basic factors of an epidemic process of the infection, i. e. seasonal occurrence, social conditions, professional relations, etc. which also enhance the course of the infection. Principles on prophylaxis complete the given paper.
Purified phase I Coxiella burnetii corpuscles treated chemically in different ways (by potassium periodate, mild acid hydrolysis or trichloroacetic acid) were compared by ELISA for their ability to detect phase II (directed to antigen 2) and phase I (directed to antigen 1) antibodies in sera from human Q fever convalescents. As to the absorbance values, the most sensitive was the antigen obtained by mild acid hydrolysis (0.1 mol/l HCl for 30 min. at 100 degrees C), followed by phase I corpuscular antigen treated trichloroacetic acid. Phase I antigen treated by K10(4) gave lower absorbance values. The performances of the commonly used complement fixation test and the more recently developed indirect immunofluorescence test were compared on 45 human sera. Immunofluorescence revealed specific antibodies in 62.2% of the sera. In the complement fixation test only 2.2% of sera were positive. ELISA proved superior (76.8% positive sera) to the immunofluorescence and complement fixation tests in detection of Q fever.
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