Zeitschrift fur Urologie und Nephrologie最新文献

Thickness measurements solutions on the rat peritoneum using peritoneum using peritoneal dialysis solutions of various osmolalities show a marked reduction of the distances between capillaries and peritoneal surface with increasing osmolality. This may caused by a dehydration of the peritoneum and support the so-called canaliculus theory. If the dehydration of the peritoneum may outlast temporal the dialysis cycle with higher osmolar solution, it could be an explanation for the efficacy of following low-molecular solutions.

In a retrospective study of 326 patients which have been received a renal allograft between 1985 and 1988 at the Berlin Kidney Transplant Centre, all recipients were divided into 3 groups according to their antibody status against cytomegalovirus (IgM+/IgG+; IgM-/IgG+; IgM-/IgG-). Frequency and severity of CMV infections in the early period after kidney transplantation have been compared. Primary infections could be observed in 51/112 (45.5%) patients (group 3), secondary infections in 60/190 (31.6%) patients (group 2). In 7.4% of all recipients (24/326) CMV-specific IgM antibodies could be found at the time of transplantation (group 1). In primary infections the patients have had a significantly higher frequency of moderate or severe CMV diseases as in secondary infections (24.4 vs. 8.3%). In group 3 this frequency was 16.7%. In conclusion, it is not necessary to select renal allograft recipients according their positive CMV-IgM-antibody status, but a close-meshed posttransplant control is indicated.

In patients with various indications to renal split function diagnostics the plasma slope clearance of the Tc99m-DTPA and J131-Hippurate to the estimation of GFR and ERPF were performed with two or three blood samples in the monocompartment model (1 KM). In comparison these functional parameters were calculated on the basis of the only least blood sample (single-point procedure--EPV). The results of linear regression GFR (1 KM) = 12.7 + 0.978 * GFR (EPV), r = 0.986, N = 102 or ERPF (1 KM) = 22 + 1.13 * ERPF (EPV), r = 0.889, N = 68 may recommend the use as patient-safe procedure especially in poor venous access. Two short BASIC programs for estimation of GFR and ERPF are presented and the error ranges discussed.

A review of texture types of calcium oxalate calculi and a pattern of 4 basic texture types was presented. A method of texture classification as a part of the routine polarization microscopy urinary calculus analysis was developed. Thereby a representative material could presented on the distribution of texture types. A connection between pathological urinary parameters and the texture type was demonstrated.

Arguments for the presence of a partial obstruction as cause of severe oligozoospermia may result from following findings. 1. The frequency of normal FSH values in oligozoospermia (44.9%) do not differ significantly from cases with azoospermia (50%). 2. Including a quantitative analysis of testicular morphology 5 out of 63 patients (7.9%) suffering from severe oligozoospermia show a normal spermatogenesis. 3. The frequency of this constellation in our material including severe oligozoospermia, normal testicular volume, normal FSH value, and normal spermatogenesis agree with few findings in the literature. The number of etiological factors of partial obstruction require also invasive diagnostical procedures like vas deferens radiography and surgical exploration.

In the present paper a review is given on etiology, pathology, morphology and pathophysiology of ureteropelvic junction obstruction. According to own experience and a literature review the current diagnostic and therapeutic procedure are evaluated with respect to their clinical relevance.

In this study a method o the semiquantitative determination of the crystallization tendency for calcium oxalate in urine is described. It is based on the addition of a well-defined amount of ammonium oxalate (31.3 nmol) to a urine sample (30 ml). The so caused clouding of the urine is measured by a photometer 20 min later. The method guarantees an acceptable reproducibility and is simple to be performed in each clinical laboratory. The results of mathematical correlation and discriminant analysis show that the calcium concentration influences the crystallization of calcium oxalate as most of all urinary constituents. Furthermore, evidence of a high specificity of the method is given by a reclassification rate of about 80% in the discriminant analytical computation.

Morphology and size distribution of calcium oxalate microcrystals in the urine of healthy people and calcium oxalate stone formers are examined by scanning electron microscopy. The data are compared with coulter-counter investigation and the following clinically important result is discussed. This initial crystal population be composed of single crystals and in sick people larger crystals have been found.

By morphologic and morphometric investigations of the residual testis after treatment of testicular cancer the deleterious effect of chemo- and radiotherapy are estimated. Approximately 4-5 years after treatment the reversibility of spermatogenesis is better in patients chemotherapy than in patients after radiotherapy.

To the now 17 case reports in caucasian patients of an urolithiasis in a rare purine metabolism disorder 2,8-dihydroxyadeninuria due to missing activity of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase 3 further cases are presented. Firstly, a monozygotic twin pair is afflicted (13-year-old boys). All calculi be composed of pure 2,8-DHA, except a mixed calculus in a 38-year-old man containing of 80% 2,8-DHA and 20% calcium oxalate. The actual literature is reviewed.