首页 > 最新文献

Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory最新文献

英文 中文
The representation of pictures in memory. 图像在存储器中的表示。
Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory
Pub Date : 1981-05-01 DOI: 10.1037//0278-7393.7.3.216
G. McKoon
The two experiments presented in this article examined the memory representation of pictorial information. The technique used to investigate structure was priming in item recognition. Subjects studied a list of pictures and then were tested for recognition of parts of pictures. In Experiment 1, the time to recognize a target part of a picture was speeded (primed) if the immediately preceding part in the test list was from the same picture. This priming effect was larger if the two parts were interacting with each other in the picture than if they were not interacting. Experiment 2 showed more priming between the interacting, foreground parts of a picture than between one of the interacting parts and a background part. For noninteracting parts, priming between foreground parts was equal to priming between foreground and background parts. It is suggested that priming may prove a useful technique for investigating other aspects of the representation of pictorial information.
本文提出的两个实验考察了图像信息的记忆表征。研究结构的技术是项目识别中的启动。研究对象先看一组图片，然后测试他们对图片部分的识别能力。在实验1中，如果测试列表中的前一个部分来自同一张图片，则识别图片目标部分的时间会加快(启动)。如果两个部分在图片中相互作用，这种启动效应会比它们不相互作用时更大。实验2显示，图片中相互作用的前景部分之间的启动效应比相互作用的背景部分之间的启动效应要大。对于非相互作用的部分，前景部分之间的启动等于前景和背景部分之间的启动。这表明，启动可能证明是一种有用的技术来研究图像信息表示的其他方面。
{"title":"The representation of pictures in memory.","authors":"G. McKoon","doi":"10.1037//0278-7393.7.3.216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0278-7393.7.3.216","url":null,"abstract":"The two experiments presented in this article examined the memory representation of pictorial information. The technique used to investigate structure was priming in item recognition. Subjects studied a list of pictures and then were tested for recognition of parts of pictures. In Experiment 1, the time to recognize a target part of a picture was speeded (primed) if the immediately preceding part in the test list was from the same picture. This priming effect was larger if the two parts were interacting with each other in the picture than if they were not interacting. Experiment 2 showed more priming between the interacting, foreground parts of a picture than between one of the interacting parts and a background part. For noninteracting parts, priming between foreground parts was equal to priming between foreground and background parts. It is suggested that priming may prove a useful technique for investigating other aspects of the representation of pictorial information.","PeriodicalId":76919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory","volume":"6 1","pages":"216-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86547322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
The effects of fading procedures on discrimination shifts. 衰落过程对歧视转移的影响。
Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory
Pub Date : 1981-05-01 DOI: 10.1037//0278-7393.7.3.222
J. Nolan, A. E. Harris
Human discrimination learning is frequently characterized as a "two-link process" consisting of an instrumental response and a covert dimensional attention or mediation response. In subsequent conceptual shift problems, reversal shift facilitation is attributed to partial reinforcement of the covert response in the original problem. Unlike standard trial and error learning conditions, a fading design eliminated the partial reinforcement of covert responding and, consistent with the hypothesis, reduced reversal shift facilitation. Although fading procedures facilitate discrimination learning, they may retard subsequent trial and error learning, a cost that warrants further exploration. Trial and error conditions produced the expected reversal facilitation.
人类辨别学习通常被描述为一个由工具性反应和隐性维度注意或中介反应组成的“双环节过程”。在随后的概念转移问题中，逆转转移促进归因于原始问题中隐蔽反应的部分强化。与标准的试错学习条件不同，衰落设计消除了隐蔽反应的部分强化，并且与假设一致，减少了反转移位的促进。虽然衰退过程促进了辨别学习，但它们可能会阻碍随后的试错学习，这是一个值得进一步探索的代价。试验和错误条件产生了预期的逆转促进作用。
{"title":"The effects of fading procedures on discrimination shifts.","authors":"J. Nolan, A. E. Harris","doi":"10.1037//0278-7393.7.3.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0278-7393.7.3.222","url":null,"abstract":"Human discrimination learning is frequently characterized as a \"two-link process\" consisting of an instrumental response and a covert dimensional attention or mediation response. In subsequent conceptual shift problems, reversal shift facilitation is attributed to partial reinforcement of the covert response in the original problem. Unlike standard trial and error learning conditions, a fading design eliminated the partial reinforcement of covert responding and, consistent with the hypothesis, reduced reversal shift facilitation. Although fading procedures facilitate discrimination learning, they may retard subsequent trial and error learning, a cost that warrants further exploration. Trial and error conditions produced the expected reversal facilitation.","PeriodicalId":76919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory","volume":"80 1","pages":"222-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89923303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Thematic Contribution to Overgeneralization in Memory for Quantified Discourse. 主题对量化语篇记忆中的过度概括的贡献。
Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory
Pub Date : 1981-05-01 DOI: 10.1037//0278-7393.7.3.227
R. Revlin, B. Bromage, M. Ness
{"title":"Thematic Contribution to Overgeneralization in Memory for Quantified Discourse.","authors":"R. Revlin, B. Bromage, M. Ness","doi":"10.1037//0278-7393.7.3.227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0278-7393.7.3.227","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory","volume":"29 1","pages":"227-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78426330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Imagery and semantic elaboration in hypermnesia for words. 词汇失忆症中的意象和语义修饰。
Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory
Pub Date : 1981-05-01 DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.7.3.191
S. Belmore
{"title":"Imagery and semantic elaboration in hypermnesia for words.","authors":"S. Belmore","doi":"10.1037/0278-7393.7.3.191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.7.3.191","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory","volume":"51 1","pages":"191-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72754789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 60
Multiple code activation in word recognition: evidence from rhyme monitoring. 词识别中的多码激活:来自韵律监测的证据。
Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory
Pub Date : 1981-05-01 DOI: 10.1037//0278-7393.7.3.170
S. Donnenwerth-Nolan, M. Tanenhaus, Mark S. Seidenberg
Seidenberg and Tanenhaus reported that orthographically similar rhymes were detected more rapidly than dissimilar rhymes in a rhyme monitoring task with auditory stimulus presentation. The present experiments investigated the hypothesis that these results were due to a rhyme production-frequency bias in favor of similar rhymes that was present in their materials. In three experiments, subjects monitored short word lists for the word that rhymed with a cue presented prior to each list. All stimuli were presented auditorily. Cue-target rhyme production frequency was equated for orthographically similar and dissimilar rhymes. Similar rhymes were detected more rapidly in all three experiments, indicating that orthographic information was accessed in auditory word recognition. The results suggest that multiple codes are automatically accessed in word recognition. This entails a reinterpretation of phonological "recording" in visual word recognition.
Seidenberg和Tanenhaus报告说，在有听觉刺激的押韵监测任务中，拼写相似的押韵比不相似的押韵更快地被发现。目前的实验调查了这样一种假设，即这些结果是由于押韵产生的频率偏差，倾向于他们材料中存在的类似押韵。在三个实验中，受试者监测短单词列表，寻找与每个列表之前呈现的提示押韵的单词。所有刺激都是听觉呈现的。提示-目标押韵产生频率对正字法相似和不相似押韵相等。在所有三个实验中，相似的押韵被更快地发现，这表明正字法信息是在听觉单词识别中获得的。结果表明，在单词识别中，可以自动访问多个代码。这就需要对视觉词识别中的语音“记录”进行重新解释。
{"title":"Multiple code activation in word recognition: evidence from rhyme monitoring.","authors":"S. Donnenwerth-Nolan, M. Tanenhaus, Mark S. Seidenberg","doi":"10.1037//0278-7393.7.3.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0278-7393.7.3.170","url":null,"abstract":"Seidenberg and Tanenhaus reported that orthographically similar rhymes were detected more rapidly than dissimilar rhymes in a rhyme monitoring task with auditory stimulus presentation. The present experiments investigated the hypothesis that these results were due to a rhyme production-frequency bias in favor of similar rhymes that was present in their materials. In three experiments, subjects monitored short word lists for the word that rhymed with a cue presented prior to each list. All stimuli were presented auditorily. Cue-target rhyme production frequency was equated for orthographically similar and dissimilar rhymes. Similar rhymes were detected more rapidly in all three experiments, indicating that orthographic information was accessed in auditory word recognition. The results suggest that multiple codes are automatically accessed in word recognition. This entails a reinterpretation of phonological \"recording\" in visual word recognition.","PeriodicalId":76919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory","volume":"26 1","pages":"170-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78829141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 116
Elaboration and distinctiveness in memory for faces. 面孔记忆的精细化和独特性。
Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory
Pub Date : 1981-05-01 DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.7.3.181
E. Winograd
This research attempts to account for the finding that faces that have been judged with reference to traits such as honesty or friendliness are better remembered than faces judged with respect to a physical feature. Four experiments are reported in which the orienting task engaged in by the subjects was controlled. The first two experiments support an elaboration hypothesis that it is the amount rather than the type of information encoded that accounts for the observed effect. Experiments 3 and 4 provide evidence that elaborative encoding is effective because the likelihood of a distinctive feature being encoded increases with the degree of elaboration. The role of distinctiveness is emphasized.
这项研究试图解释这样一个发现，即那些被认为是诚实或友好的面孔比那些被认为是身体特征的面孔更容易被记住。本文报道了四个控制被试定向任务的实验。前两个实验支持了一个精细化假设，即是编码信息的数量而不是类型导致了观察到的效果。实验3和4提供的证据表明，精化编码是有效的，因为一个独特的特征被编码的可能性随着精化程度的增加而增加。强调独特性的作用。
{"title":"Elaboration and distinctiveness in memory for faces.","authors":"E. Winograd","doi":"10.1037/0278-7393.7.3.181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.7.3.181","url":null,"abstract":"This research attempts to account for the finding that faces that have been judged with reference to traits such as honesty or friendliness are better remembered than faces judged with respect to a physical feature. Four experiments are reported in which the orienting task engaged in by the subjects was controlled. The first two experiments support an elaboration hypothesis that it is the amount rather than the type of information encoded that accounts for the observed effect. Experiments 3 and 4 provide evidence that elaborative encoding is effective because the likelihood of a distinctive feature being encoded increases with the degree of elaboration. The role of distinctiveness is emphasized.","PeriodicalId":76919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory","volume":"149 1","pages":"181-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88105628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 187
Elaboration and distinctiveness in memory for faces. 面孔记忆的精细化和独特性。
Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory
Pub Date : 1981-05-01
E Winograd

This research attempts to account for the finding that faces that have been judged with reference to traits such as honesty or friendliness are better remembered than faces judged with respect to a physical feature. Four experiments are reported in which the orienting task engaged in by the subjects was controlled. The first two experiments support an elaboration hypothesis that it is the amount rather than the type of information encoded that accounts for the observed effect. Experiments 3 and 4 provide evidence that elaborative encoding is effective because the likelihood of a distinctive feature being encoded increases with the degree of elaboration. The role of distinctiveness is emphasized.

这项研究试图解释这样一个发现，即那些被认为是诚实或友好的面孔比那些被认为是身体特征的面孔更容易被记住。本文报道了四个控制被试定向任务的实验。前两个实验支持了一个精细化假设，即是编码信息的数量而不是类型导致了观察到的效果。实验3和4提供的证据表明，精化编码是有效的，因为一个独特的特征被编码的可能性随着精化程度的增加而增加。强调独特性的作用。
{"title":"Elaboration and distinctiveness in memory for faces.","authors":"E Winograd","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research attempts to account for the finding that faces that have been judged with reference to traits such as honesty or friendliness are better remembered than faces judged with respect to a physical feature. Four experiments are reported in which the orienting task engaged in by the subjects was controlled. The first two experiments support an elaboration hypothesis that it is the amount rather than the type of information encoded that accounts for the observed effect. Experiments 3 and 4 provide evidence that elaborative encoding is effective because the likelihood of a distinctive feature being encoded increases with the degree of elaboration. The role of distinctiveness is emphasized.</p>","PeriodicalId":76919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory","volume":"7 3","pages":"181-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18253921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A developmental perspective on the effects of "subdividing" macrospatial experience. 从发展的角度看“细分”宏观空间体验的影响。
Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory
Pub Date : 1981-03-01 DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.7.2.120
G. Allen
{"title":"A developmental perspective on the effects of \"subdividing\" macrospatial experience.","authors":"G. Allen","doi":"10.1037/0278-7393.7.2.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.7.2.120","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory","volume":"18 1","pages":"120-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79789428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 129
Category typicality in free recall: Effects of feature overlap or differential category encoding? 自由回忆中的类别典型性:特征重叠或差异类别编码的影响?
Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory
Pub Date : 1981-03-01 DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.7.2.145
M. Greenberg, D. Bjorklund
{"title":"Category typicality in free recall: Effects of feature overlap or differential category encoding?","authors":"M. Greenberg, D. Bjorklund","doi":"10.1037/0278-7393.7.2.145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.7.2.145","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory","volume":"127 1","pages":"145-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73787440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Constructing and using unusual and common images. 构建和使用不寻常的和常见的图像。
Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory
Pub Date : 1981-03-01 DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.7.2.133
M. J. Intons-Peterson
{"title":"Constructing and using unusual and common images.","authors":"M. J. Intons-Peterson","doi":"10.1037/0278-7393.7.2.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.7.2.133","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory","volume":"31 1","pages":"133-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73551436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
首页 上一页 下一页 尾页
类型
全部 化学•材料 生命科学 医学 物理 工程技术 环境•农林 材料科学 地球科学 法学 管理学 化学 环境科学与生态学 计算机科学 教育学 经济学 农林科学 人文科学 生物学 数学 物理与天体物理 心理学 综合性期刊 其他 工业工程 理学 历史学 农学 文学 信息工程
数据库
全部 ACS Publications Elsevier ieeexplore Springer The Royal Society of Chemistry Wiley
期刊
Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
﹀
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整，为了账户安全，请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号：481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们：info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务，方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1