Allergie et immunologie最新文献

Lyprinol exhibits anti-inflammatory activity distinct from that of most NSAIDs, controlling chronic but not acute inflammation. Unlike Cox-1 inhibitors (aspirin, meclofenamic acid) it is not gastro-toxic. Predosing rats with Lyprinol can modify both (i) the spontaneous and (ii) the oxytocin-induced contractions of the uterus. In humans there is anecdotal evidence that Lyprinol can relieve dysmenorrhea. This report explores the concept that the uterotrophic actions of Lyprinol are conditioned by: the intrinsic profile of estrogenic hormones and progestagens and, certain extrinsic stimuli. Evidence from in vitro studies indicates that Lyprinol is not a smooth muscle relaxant and that its uterotrophic mechanism is not that of a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, but may mimic that of a leukotriene receptor antagonist.

The omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have had a major impact on thinking in medicine in the last twenty years. The parent fatty acid in the omega 3 fatty acid family is alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) which is an essential fatty acid found in high concentrations in certain plant oils, such as flaxseed oil, walnut oil and canola oil. Several longer chain or derived omega 3 fatty acids are formed from alpha-linolenic acid and these are mainly found in fish, fish oils and from other marine organisms. The main marine omega 3 fatty acids are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). It is of interest that DHA is specifically localised in the retina and the brain in humans and other mammals. The longer chain omega 3 fatty acids are rapidly incorporated into cell membrane phospholipids where it is regarded they influence the metabolism/metabolic events within the cells. The mechanisms by which these changes occur include alteration in the fluidity of membranes such that there are subtle changes in receptor function, alteration in cell signalling mechanisms, membrane-bound enzymes, regulation of the synthesis of eicosanoids, and regulation of gene expression. In this chapter, we report a comparison between the composition of the oil derived from the New Zealand Green Lipped Mussel (Lyprinol') and two other oils rich in omega 3 fatty acids, namely flaxseed oil and tuna oil. The main lipid classes in Lyprinol' were sterol esters, triglycerides, free fatty acids, sterols and phospholipids while triglycerides were the main lipids in the other two oils. The main omega 3 fatty acids in Lyprinol' were EPA and DHA, while in flaxseed oil and tuna oil the main omega 3 fatty acids were ALA and DHA, respectively. The main sterols in Lyprinol' were cholesterol and desmosterol/brassicasterol, while in flaxseed oil and tuna oil the main sterols were beta-sitosterol and cholesterol, respectively. Epidemiological observations, populations' studies and basic research indicate the possibility of influencing the outcome of cardiovascular disease, inflammatory disorders and neural function by ingestion of the omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

The effect of Lyprinol was evaluated on LTB4-induced human monocytes (normal and allergic donors) activation. Peripheral blood normal monocyte-derived monocytes when stimulated by Interleukin-4 (IL-4) produced high amounts of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) through the activation of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. Maximal effect was observed in the presence of 10 ng/ml IL-4, and maximal LTB4 production was reached 40 min after the onset of stimulation. When stimulated for 48 h with IL-4, resting human monocytes expressed and released the low affinity receptor for IgE (CD23), and were inhibited in the presence of Lyprinol, or of the non redox 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor (BW B70C), suggesting that the production of LTB4 partially contributed to the IL-4-induced CD23 expression and release. In addition to these phenotypical changes, IL-4 primed the phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-induced luminol-dependent chemiluminescence response (LDCL) by normal human monocytes; this priming effect was abrogated in the presence of Lyprinol, or of BW B70C. Monocyte-derived monocytes from allergic patients spontaneously produced high amounts of LTB4, expressed CD23 expression, and had an increased oxidative metabolism. In the presence of Lyprinol, or of BW B70C, the hyper-activation of monocytes from allergic patients was significantly suppressed. Taken together, these data indicated that the pharmacological control of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway in human monocytes can be achieved with Lyprinol, and that the activation of this pathway could upregulate the expression and release of CD23 and the respiratory burst of human monocytes.

A lipid-rich extract, prepared by supercritical fluid (CO2) extraction of freeze-dried stabilized NZ green-lipped mussel powder (Lyprinol) has shown significant anti-inflammatory (AI) activity when given to animals and humans. When treated p.o. with Lyprinol, Wistar and Dark Agouti rats developed neither adjuvant-induced polyarthritis or collagen(II)-induced auto-allergic arthritis. This was achieved with doses < NSAIDs, and 200 times < of other seed or fish oils. Lyprinol subfractions inhibited LTB4 biosynthesis by PMN in vitro, and PGE2 production by activated macrophages. Much of this AI activity was associated with omega-3 PUFAs and natural antioxidants [e.g. carotenoids]. In contrast to NSAIDs, Lyprinol is non-gastro toxic in disease-stressed rats at 300 mg/kg p.o., and does not affect platelet aggregation [human, rat]. Clinical studies, either controlled or randomized, have demonstrated very significant AI activity in patients with osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), asthma, and other inflammatory conditions. Lyprinol is a reproducible, stable source of bioactive lipids with much greater potency than plant/marine oils currently used as nutritional supplements to ameliorate signs of inflammation.

Half of the life of children is spent in schools. Emergencies may occur, due to food anaphylaxis or other allergic causes. Main clinical pictures are anaphylactic shock, laryngeal angioedema, acute asthma. Lethality is a risk. Recent French rules go into more details about the management of emergency cases and the need of training for teachers and other members of the educational staff. The need to use injectable i.m. adrenaline is underlined in a protocol with consents of parents and agreement of all parties. Eviction diets are not yet guaranteed so that parents are allowed to provide their children with suitable meals. The authors debate about the indications of such protocols.

Prevention of respiratory allergy and thus diminution of its prevalence consists of the application not only of preventative measures on the allergens themselves, but also on atmospheric pollutants such as NO, CO and diesel particles. These modify the allergens and increase synthesis of allergen-specific IgE. Use of air purifiers, on condition that they have HEPA or ULPA filters may contribute to reduction of allergenicity linked to pollutants and are one of the not-negligible means of protection from respiratory allergy and asthma in particular.

This work is devoted to the study of 22 dossiers of persons who have presented with clinical signs following taking a drug. The study was confined to patients in whom the symptoms had as origin a hypersensitivity (true or non-specific by histamine release). This study has allowed analysis of the value of several serological tests (measurement of leukotrienes, activation of basophils and T specific lymphocytes) in diagnosis and so to define the path to take that is best adapted to each case. The conclusion presents an agreement between the suspected diagnosis, after allergy enquiry and prick-tests, and the results of serological tests.

We report on one young adult male patient who had severe anaphylactoid reaction after eating cheese made from goat's milk. This allergy to goat and sheep's milk, known by the patient, gave mainly rise to oral pruritus. Cow's milk and cheese were always eaten without any incident. Labial test and specific IgE antibodies confirm goat and sheep's milk allergy without cow's milk allergy.

In order to study the links between pollinoses and pollens in the most efficient way, it is essential to understand better who works in towns, in departments or in a region, for the development and protection of the environment. Study of the links between health and the environment must include all the bodies, institutions and partners.