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Current molecular methods for plant genome identification. 植物基因组鉴定的分子方法。
Australasian biotechnology
Pub Date : 1994-05-01
J C Fowler, J M Kijas, M R Thomas

At least four molecular methods have been used for plant species and plant varietal identification. These include protein isoenzymes, restriction fragment length polymorphisms and more recently two alternate PCR-based procedures. One approach is based broadly on methods which amplify plant DNAs using short oligonucleotide primers to produce complex multibanded 'fingerprint' patterns. The method can be used on any plant, is relatively cheap and easy to set up, but has a number of technical limitations. A second approach is to isolate short tandem repeats (STRs) from a test plant, each example of which is locus-specific and may show length variation between individuals. Results from several STR loci will provide a genetic profile of plant variety. However, in comparison with random amplification methods STRs are costly to establish in both time and resources.

至少有四种分子方法被用于植物种类和品种鉴定。这些包括蛋白质同工酶，限制性片段长度多态性和最近的两种基于pcr的替代程序。一种方法是基于利用短的寡核苷酸引物扩增植物dna以产生复杂的多条带“指纹”模式的方法。该方法可用于任何工厂，相对便宜且易于设置，但有许多技术限制。第二种方法是从测试植物中分离出短串联重复序列(STRs)，每个例子都是位点特异性的，并且可能在个体之间显示长度差异。几个STR位点的结果将提供植物品种的遗传图谱。然而，与随机扩增方法相比，str的建立在时间和资源上都是昂贵的。
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引用次数: 0
DNA fingerprinting for wildlife management. 用于野生动物管理的DNA指纹。
Australasian biotechnology
Pub Date : 1994-05-01
S M Degnan
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引用次数: 0
Opinion--genome testing and quality assurance. 意见——基因组检测和质量保证。
Australasian biotechnology
Pub Date : 1994-05-01
J C Fowler

Recent discoveries and innovations in DNA technology have provided scientists with the ability to rapidly identify complex organisms, or samples therefrom, by detailed study of their genes and genome. In various disciplines, most notably in human forensic identifications, parentage tests and disease diagnosis, these activities have moved to commercial practice. However the rigour of quality assurance in these and other areas has not, in general, kept pace with technological innovation in molecular diagnostics. Insufficient resources are given to objective and ongoing evaluation of the quality of molecular diagnostic services, yet sustained quality is the key to long term credibility of the industry. The rapidly expanding commercial prospects for this technology must be accompanied by a planned commitment of resources to cost efficient quality assurance programs which include both declared and undeclared trials.

DNA技术的最新发现和创新使科学家能够通过详细研究复杂生物体的基因和基因组，快速识别它们或从中提取的样本。在各种学科中，特别是在人体法医鉴定、亲子鉴定和疾病诊断方面，这些活动已转为商业实践。然而，总的来说，这些和其他领域的严格质量保证并没有跟上分子诊断技术创新的步伐。对分子诊断服务质量进行客观和持续评估的资源不足，但持续的质量是该行业长期信誉的关键。这项技术迅速扩大的商业前景必须伴随着计划中的资源承诺，以实现成本效益的质量保证计划，包括宣布的和未宣布的试验。
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引用次数: 0
The use of pulsed field gel electrophoresis for microbial strain identification. 脉冲场凝胶电泳在微生物菌株鉴定中的应用。
Australasian biotechnology
Pub Date : 1994-05-01
A J Hillier, B E Davidson
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引用次数: 0
Species of origin determination from prehistoric blood residues using ancient genomic DNA. 利用古代基因组DNA从史前血液残留物中确定物种起源。
Australasian biotechnology
Pub Date : 1994-05-01
T H Loy, K I Matthaei
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引用次数: 0
Quality control in the food industries with DNA technologies. DNA技术在食品工业中的质量控制。
Australasian biotechnology
Pub Date : 1994-05-01
P R Carnegie

An important part of quality control in the food industry are tests to determine the origin of materials used in processed products. Because of the stability of DNA, tests which make use of DNA in the product can be used to authenticate the species used in meat pies, tinned fish and even the variety of oats used in porridge. Tests based on hybridization, sequencing of oligonucleotides and amplification of DNA are likely to find increasing application with the only inhibition being the unpredictable nature of the market which makes commercial development difficult.

食品工业质量控制的一个重要部分是检测加工产品中所用材料的来源。由于DNA的稳定性，利用产品中的DNA进行的测试可以用来鉴定肉馅饼、罐头鱼甚至粥中使用的燕麦的种类。基于杂交、寡核苷酸测序和DNA扩增的测试可能会得到越来越多的应用，唯一的抑制因素是市场的不可预测性，这使得商业开发变得困难。
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引用次数: 0
The application of DNA fingerprinting to parentage verification in cattle. DNA指纹技术在牛亲子鉴定中的应用。
Australasian biotechnology
Pub Date : 1994-03-01
S S Moore, D Vankan
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引用次数: 0
Applications of DNA fingerprinting for pedigree verification. DNA指纹技术在家谱验证中的应用。
Australasian biotechnology
Pub Date : 1994-03-01
M E Matthews, H McPartlan
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引用次数: 0
DNA typing: analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms. DNA分型:限制性片段长度多态性分析。
Australasian biotechnology
Pub Date : 1994-03-01
P A McNicholas

Genetic Technologies Corporation Pty. Ltd. was the first Australian commercial laboratory to use DNA typing for the purpose of determining human identity. Genetic Technologies holds the patient for the use of this technique in Australia (Australian Patent Number 577277) for individual identity in any species. In the five years since its beginning Genetic Technologies has conducted over 1200 paternity and 70 criminal cases.

遗传技术公司有限公司是澳大利亚第一家使用DNA分型来确定人类身份的商业实验室。基因技术公司持有在澳大利亚使用该技术的患者(澳大利亚专利号577277)，用于任何物种的个体身份。自成立以来的五年中，基因技术已经进行了1200多起亲子鉴定和70起刑事案件。
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引用次数: 0
DNA profiling in forensic science and parentage testing. 法医科学和亲子鉴定中的DNA分析。
Australasian biotechnology
Pub Date : 1994-03-01
A van Daal
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引用次数: 0
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