M. Massimi, M. Al-Rifaee, Jamal Alrusheidat, A. Al-Dakheel, F. Ismail, Yousef Al-Ashgar
The impact of climate change and global warming on food and feed crops production is reported in Jordan; a country where dry areas constitute about 90% of its land. The remaining arable areas (under rain fed or irrigated farming system) are decreasing due to urbanization, land fragmentation, drought, water scarcity, underground water over pumping and salinity. There is an urgent need for more tolerant crops that are capable to stand and cope with adverse climatic conditions and for diversification of crops in the farming systems. The purpose of this work was to introduce a new forage crop suitable for small holders suffering from soil and, or water salinity. Triticale (X Triticosecale Witt) lines were evaluated for salt (soil and Original Research Article
{"title":"Salt-tolerant Triticale (X Triticosecale Witt) Cultivation in Jordan as a New Forage Crop","authors":"M. Massimi, M. Al-Rifaee, Jamal Alrusheidat, A. Al-Dakheel, F. Ismail, Yousef Al-Ashgar","doi":"10.9734/AJEA/2016/24292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJEA/2016/24292","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of climate change and global warming on food and feed crops production is reported in Jordan; a country where dry areas constitute about 90% of its land. The remaining arable areas (under rain fed or irrigated farming system) are decreasing due to urbanization, land fragmentation, drought, water scarcity, underground water over pumping and salinity. There is an urgent need for more tolerant crops that are capable to stand and cope with adverse climatic conditions and for diversification of crops in the farming systems. The purpose of this work was to introduce a new forage crop suitable for small holders suffering from soil and, or water salinity. Triticale (X Triticosecale Witt) lines were evaluated for salt (soil and Original Research Article","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"97 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91441364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeptanui Lilian, K. Paul, Otaye Daniel, M. Mgonja, Towett Bernard, Lagat Nicholas, O. Henry
Head smut caused by Tolyposporium penicillariae Bref. is a devastating fungal disease that cause up to 30% yield losses in pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.). An experiment was carried out in two sites (Koibatek and Marigat) in Kenya to estimate the losses in grain yield due to head smut at varying levels of susceptibility in 50 promising advanced pearl millet genotypes. The test germplasm were planted in a complete randomized block design (RCBD) in three replicates during the short rains (Sept -Dec 2011) and long rains (April-July 2012). To assess the yield loss, two experiments were set as sprayed with fungicide to control disease and unsprayed. Results showed that among the tested genotypes, KAT PM1 and ICMV 221 were resistant checks and showed minimum yield loss as compared to the susceptible genotypes, (SDMV 94001 and SDMV 94014) which had highest yield loss. The mean grain yield loss varied between 6.5 and 60.8% in different genotypes. Both incidence and severity of the disease were significantly and positively correlated with losses in grain yield but severity contributed more. The prediction models for estimating yield losses were derived from yield in protected plots compared to none protected plots. Results showed that yield and disease severity were highly significant among the genotypes tested (Fpr <0.001) with yield ranging from 1172-4122 kg ha-1. Overall mean yield for both the seasons in the two sites was 2650 kgs ha-1 for the sprayed experiment and 2390 kgs ha-1 in the diseased plots. The overall yield loss due to head smut was 18%. High yielding genotypes were SDMV 90031, IP 8783, SHIBE, ICMV 96603, ICMV221-1, IP6791 and ICMV 221 Bristled. These were recommended for further evaluation in multi-sites and be released as commercial varieties.
由青霉霉引起的头黑穗病。是一种毁灭性的真菌病，导致珍珠粟(Pennisetum glaucum (L.))产量损失高达30%。R.Br)。在肯尼亚的两个地点(Koibatek和Marigat)进行了一项试验，以估计50个有前途的高级珍珠粟基因型因不同易感程度的穗状黑穗病而造成的粮食产量损失。试验种质采用完全随机区组设计(RCBD)，分3个重复，分别在短雨期(2011年9月~ 12月)和长雨期(2012年4月~ 7月)种植。为评价产量损失，设置了喷施杀菌剂防病和不喷施两个试验。结果表明，KAT PM1和ICMV 221为抗性基因型，产量损失最小，而SDMV 94001和SDMV 94014为易感基因型，产量损失最大。不同基因型的平均产量损失在6.5 ~ 60.8%之间。发病率和严重程度均与粮食产量损失呈显著正相关，但严重程度的贡献更大。估计产量损失的预测模型是根据保护地块与未保护地块的产量比较得出的。结果表明，各基因型间产量和病害严重程度极显著(Fpr <0.001)，产量在1172 ~ 4122 kg ha-1之间。两个试验点两个季节的总平均产量，喷施试验为2650 kg hm -1，病区为2390 kg hm -1。黑穗病造成的总产量损失为18%。高产基因型为SDMV 90031、ip8783、SHIBE、ICMV 96603、ICMV221-1、IP6791和ICMV221 bristle。建议这些品种在多地点进行进一步评价，并作为商品品种发布。
{"title":"Yield Losses and Path Coefficient Analysis of Head Smut Disease (Tolyposporium penicillariae) in Pearl Millet Genotypes","authors":"Jeptanui Lilian, K. Paul, Otaye Daniel, M. Mgonja, Towett Bernard, Lagat Nicholas, O. Henry","doi":"10.9734/AJEA/2016/22981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJEA/2016/22981","url":null,"abstract":"Head smut caused by Tolyposporium penicillariae Bref. is a devastating fungal disease that cause \u0000up to 30% yield losses in pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.). An experiment was carried \u0000out in two sites (Koibatek and Marigat) in Kenya to estimate the losses in grain yield due to head \u0000smut at varying levels of susceptibility in 50 promising advanced pearl millet genotypes. The test \u0000germplasm were planted in a complete randomized block design (RCBD) in three replicates during \u0000the short rains (Sept -Dec 2011) and long rains (April-July 2012). To assess the yield loss, two \u0000experiments were set as sprayed with fungicide to control disease and unsprayed. Results showed \u0000that among the tested genotypes, KAT PM1 and ICMV 221 were resistant checks and showed \u0000minimum yield loss as compared to the susceptible genotypes, (SDMV 94001 and SDMV 94014) \u0000which had highest yield loss. The mean grain yield loss varied between 6.5 and 60.8% in different \u0000genotypes. Both incidence and severity of the disease were significantly and positively correlated \u0000with losses in grain yield but severity contributed more. The prediction models for estimating yield \u0000losses were derived from yield in protected plots compared to none protected plots. Results showed \u0000that yield and disease severity were highly significant among the genotypes tested (Fpr <0.001) with \u0000yield ranging from 1172-4122 kg ha-1. Overall mean yield for both the seasons in the two sites was \u00002650 kgs ha-1 for the sprayed experiment and 2390 kgs ha-1 in the diseased plots. The overall yield \u0000loss due to head smut was 18%. High yielding genotypes were SDMV 90031, IP 8783, SHIBE, \u0000ICMV 96603, ICMV221-1, IP6791 and ICMV 221 Bristled. These were recommended for further \u0000evaluation in multi-sites and be released as commercial varieties.","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"28 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87212748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Ehigiator, E. Falodun, G. Iremiren, E. Airueghian
{"title":"Impact of Cropping Ratios of Maize (Zea mays)-Egusi Melon (Colocynthis citrullus) and NPK Fertilizer on Soil Productivity Rating of an Ultisol of Edo State in Nigeria","authors":"J. Ehigiator, E. Falodun, G. Iremiren, E. Airueghian","doi":"10.9734/ajea/2016/20145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajea/2016/20145","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"46 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87355395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Series of Consumer Workshops: Informing Alabama Consumers about Organic Agriculture","authors":"A. Bovell-Benjamin, K. Kpomblekou-A, R. Gyawu","doi":"10.9734/ajea/2016/23332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajea/2016/23332","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91144409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Yield Response Factor of Sunflower under Deficit Irrigation at Different Growth Phases","authors":"A. Mila, M. H. Ali","doi":"10.9734/ajea/2016/23339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajea/2016/23339","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86014739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akami Mazarin, E. Nukenine, C. Niu, Frédéric Vincent
Aims: The use of residual synthetic chemicals, although effective against stored product pests, has led to environmental degradation. However, the risk of target pests developing resistance to insecticides in addition to the high costs of synthetic insecticides has pushed researchers to find alternative control methods. Plant-based insecticides represent a suitable alternative control method because they are less toxic to non-target organisms and biodegradable. The present study investigates the potency of essential oil and wood ashes in the control of the stored product pest Original Research Article
{"title":"Synergistic Effects of Wood Ash and Essential Oil on Fecundity, Pupal Eclosion and Adult Mortality of Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) Cowpea Seed Weevil","authors":"Akami Mazarin, E. Nukenine, C. Niu, Frédéric Vincent","doi":"10.9734/AJEA/2016/25306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJEA/2016/25306","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The use of residual synthetic chemicals, although effective against stored product pests, has led to environmental degradation. However, the risk of target pests developing resistance to insecticides in addition to the high costs of synthetic insecticides has pushed researchers to find alternative control methods. Plant-based insecticides represent a suitable alternative control method because they are less toxic to non-target organisms and biodegradable. The present study investigates the potency of essential oil and wood ashes in the control of the stored product pest Original Research Article","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"84 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81252847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of tillage implements on potato yield and water use efficiency. The study was conducted at a private farm at Al-Kharj Governorate, Saudi Arabia during 2015 in randomize complete block design with three replications. Three primary tillage implements commonly used in Saudi Arabia for seedbed preparation with different configurations: disk harrow, chisel plow and moldboard plow were used. The potato variety used was Spunta. Centre pivot system was used to provide irrigation water. The statistical analysis indicated that tillage implement had significant effect on yield and water use efficiency. The highest yield of 37.19 t/ha was observed during plowing with moldboard plow and the lowest (32.33 t/ha) was observed during plowing with disk harrow. The highest water use efficiency of 7.91 kg/m was observed during plowing with moldboard plow and the lowest (6.88 kg/m) was observed during plowing with disk harrow. The results could be helpful to develop comprehensive technology to increase potato yield and water use efficiency in semi-arid region like Saudi Arabia. Original Research Article Al-Hamed et al.; AJEA, 12(3): 1-6, 2016; Article no.AJEA.24950 2
本研究旨在评价不同耕作方式对马铃薯产量和水分利用效率的影响。该研究于2015年在沙特阿拉伯Al-Kharj省的一个私人农场进行，采用随机完全区组设计，有3个重复。沙特阿拉伯常用的三种主要耕作工具分别为盘耙、凿子犁和犁板犁。使用的土豆品种是Spunta。采用中心支点系统提供灌溉用水。统计分析表明，农机具对产量和水分利用效率有显著影响。犁板犁的产量最高，为37.19 t/ha，盘耙的产量最低，为32.33 t/ha。犁板犁的水分利用效率最高，为7.91 kg/m，盘耙的水分利用效率最低，为6.88 kg/m。研究结果可为在沙特阿拉伯等半干旱地区开发提高马铃薯产量和水分利用效率的综合技术提供参考。al - hamed et al.;农业工程学报，12(3):1-6,2016;文章no.AJEA。24950 2
{"title":"Effect of Three Tillage Implements on Potato Yield and Water Use Efficiency","authors":"S. Al-hamed, M. F. Wahby, A. Sayedahmed","doi":"10.9734/AJEA/2016/24950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJEA/2016/24950","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of tillage implements on potato yield and water use efficiency. The study was conducted at a private farm at Al-Kharj Governorate, Saudi Arabia during 2015 in randomize complete block design with three replications. Three primary tillage implements commonly used in Saudi Arabia for seedbed preparation with different configurations: disk harrow, chisel plow and moldboard plow were used. The potato variety used was Spunta. Centre pivot system was used to provide irrigation water. The statistical analysis indicated that tillage implement had significant effect on yield and water use efficiency. The highest yield of 37.19 t/ha was observed during plowing with moldboard plow and the lowest (32.33 t/ha) was observed during plowing with disk harrow. The highest water use efficiency of 7.91 kg/m was observed during plowing with moldboard plow and the lowest (6.88 kg/m) was observed during plowing with disk harrow. The results could be helpful to develop comprehensive technology to increase potato yield and water use efficiency in semi-arid region like Saudi Arabia. Original Research Article Al-Hamed et al.; AJEA, 12(3): 1-6, 2016; Article no.AJEA.24950 2","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"35 4 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85039152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improvement of Flowering, Yield and Quality Attributes in Acid Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) by Exogenous Application of Plant Nutrition","authors":"M. Kumar","doi":"10.9734/ajea/2016/27766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajea/2016/27766","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"902 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86823874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of Seven Forage Legumes for Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) and Their Effects on Amaranthus cruentus in a Fluvisol (River Sand)","authors":"S. Ogedegbe, E. Falodun","doi":"10.9734/ajea/2016/23833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajea/2016/23833","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87668636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ndiang Zenabou, Bell Joseph Martin, Ouattara Bassiaka, Mokake Seraphine Ebenye, N. Bille, Foncéka Danièl
Vigna subterranea is a leguminous species which produces edible seeds (Bambara groundnut). Its seeds are included in the daily diet to compensate the lack of proteins in the food which occurs frequently in populations under the tropics. However information regarding the extent and pattern of variation in Bambara groundnut accessions in Cameroon is limited. The objective of this study was to estimate variation in seed physical traits of twelve Bambara accessions collected in different regions in Cameroon. Seeds of Twelve Bambara accessions were harvested in Janaury Original Research Article
{"title":"Variation in Seeds Physical Traits of Bambara Groundnut ( Vigna subterranea ) Collected in Cameroon","authors":"Ndiang Zenabou, Bell Joseph Martin, Ouattara Bassiaka, Mokake Seraphine Ebenye, N. Bille, Foncéka Danièl","doi":"10.9734/AJEA/2016/20592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJEA/2016/20592","url":null,"abstract":"Vigna subterranea is a leguminous species which produces edible seeds (Bambara groundnut). Its seeds are included in the daily diet to compensate the lack of proteins in the food which occurs frequently in populations under the tropics. However information regarding the extent and pattern of variation in Bambara groundnut accessions in Cameroon is limited. The objective of this study was to estimate variation in seed physical traits of twelve Bambara accessions collected in different regions in Cameroon. Seeds of Twelve Bambara accessions were harvested in Janaury Original Research Article","PeriodicalId":7714,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Experimental Agriculture","volume":"140 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77741908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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