Aging Clinical and Experimental Research最新文献

Background

The population of Aging cancer survivors in the United States has surged to over 16.9 million. Research on the relationship between statin usage and post-cancer survival rates remains limited.

Aims

This study aims to investigate the association between statin use and various causes of mortality among aging cancer survivors.

Methods

We analyzed NHANES data from 1999 to 2018, Statin usage, both hydrophilic and lipophilic, was derived from NHANES prescription records. We utilized Cox proportional hazards models to associate statin utilization with mortality, differentiating causes of death according to statin type and patterns of use.

Results

Within a cohort of 2,968 participants, statin usage was categorized into non-users (1,738), hydrophilic statin users (216), and lipophilic statin users (982). Compared to those who did not use statins, individuals prescribed hydrophilic statins did not show a reduced risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72–1.41; P = 0.960), as outlined in Model 3. In contrast, the group receiving lipophilic statins exhibited a notable decrease in all-cause mortality risk (adjusted HR, 0.77; P = 0.003). Nonetheless, both hydrophilic and lipophilic statins were effective in diminishing the risk associated with cancer from its onset until death, with hydrophilic statins showing a greater level of efficacy.

Discussion

The potential of statins to reduce cancer-related mortality may provide avenues for targeted clinical interventions and management strategies.

Conclusions

Our study reveals that the use of lipophilic statins is significantly associated with lower all-cause and cancer-cause mortality risks among aging cancer survivors.

Background

This study aimed to assess the longitudinal association between dynapenic abdominal obesity and new-onset arthritis among the middle-aged and older Chinese population.

Methods

We included 6863 participants from the 2011 and 2015 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Dynapenia was defined as handgrip strength < 28 kg for males, and < 18 kg for females. Abdominal obesity was defined as a waist circumference ≥ 90 cm for males and ≥ 85 cm for females. Based on the definitions, all participants were divided into four groups: no dynapenia and no abdominal obesity (ND/NAO), abdominal obesity alone (ND/AO), dynapenia alone (D/NAO), and dynapenia and abdominal obesity (D/AO). The association between dynapenic abdominal obesity and new-onset arthritis was assessed by sex using the Poisson regression models.

Results

After a four-year follow-up, 1272 (18.53%) participants reported new-onset arthritis. Those in the D/AO group had a significantly increased risk of new-onset arthritis compared to those in the ND/NAO group (adjusted relative risk (RR): 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.77). In females, the ND/AO (RR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.03–1.43) and D/AO (RR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.01–1.93) groups were associated with a higher risk of arthritis. This significant association was not observed in males.

Conclusions

Our results indicated that the combined effect of dynapenia and abdominal obesity significantly increased the risk of new-onset arthritis in females, but this association was not observed in males.

Background

The mechanisms at the basis of depression are still matter of debate, but several studies in the literature suggest common pathways with dementia (genetic predispositions, metabolic and inflammatory mechanisms, neuropathological changes) and other geriatric syndromes.

Aims

To evaluate the role of cortisol (as marker of the HPA, hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis hyperactivity) in elderly subjects with depressive symptoms (by the means of the AGICO, AGIng and COrtisol, study), in relationship to the presence of the major geriatric syndromes.

Methods

The AGICO study enrolled patients from ten Geriatric Units in Italy. Every subject received a comprehensive geriatric assessment or CGA (including the Mini Mental State Examination or MMSE, Geriatric Depression Scale or GDS and Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia or CSDD), the neurological examination (with a computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging of the brain), the assessment of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), the evaluation of the cortisol activity by two consecutive urine collections (diurnal and nocturnal), a CGA-derived frailty index (FI) and a modified measure of allostatic load (AL).

Results

The MMSE scores were significantly and inversely related to the values of GDS (p < 0.001) and CSDD (p < 0.05), respectively. The patients with depressive symptoms (GDS/CSDD > 8) showed significantly increased disability, MetS, inflammation, FI and AL and significantly reduced MMSE and renal function.

The diurnal and nocturnal urinary cortisol levels in the patients with depressive symptoms (GDS/CSDD > 8) were higher with respects to controls (p < 0.05 for nocturnal difference).

Discussion

The AGICO study showed that the stress response is activated in the patients with depression.

Conclusion

The depression in elderly patient should be reconsidered as a systemic disease, with coexisting major geriatric syndromes (disability, dementia, frailty) and combined pathogenetic mechanisms (metabolic syndrome, impaired renal function, low-grade inflammation, and allostatic load). Cortisol confirmed its role as principal mediator of the aging process in both dementia and metabolic syndrome.

Background

Geriatric Medicine (GM), concerned with well-being and health of older adults, can play a crucial role in the alignment of healthcare systems to the needs of the aged populations. However, countries have varying GM development backgrounds. The goal of PROGRAMMING- COST 21,122 Action is to propose the content of education and training activities in GM for healthcare professionals across various clinical settings, adapted to local context, needs, and assets. Defining relevant stakeholders and addressing them on both an international as well as a country-specific level is crucial for this purpose. In this paper we are describing the methods used in the PROGRAMMING Action 21,122 to map the different categories of stakeholders to be engaged in the Action.

Methods

Through conceptualizing a model for stakeholders by literature research, and online discussion group meetings, a synthesis for the potential stakeholders was defined as a template, and pilot applications were requested from participant countries.

Results

There were 24 members from 14 countries (6 males/18 females) of multidisciplinary professions involved in this study. A model for the list of stakeholders to be addressed was developed and, after seven online discussion meetings, a consensus framework was provided. Invited countries completed the templates to pilot such operationalization.

Conclusion

Our framework of stakeholders will support the research coordination and capacity-building objectives of PROGRAMMING, including the participation into the assessment of educational needs of healthcare professionals. Identified stakeholders will also be mobilized for purposes of dissemination and maximization of the Action’s impact. By defining and mapping multidisciplinary stakeholders involved in older people’s care specific to countries, particularly where GM is still emerging, GM tailored educational activities will be facilitated and optimally targeted.

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant health concern, particularly among older adults. Outcomes between laparoscopic and robot-assisted surgeries for right-sided colon cancers in the oldest old population have yet to be evaluated despite increased use of these surgeries.

Aim

This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes after robot-assisted right hemicolectomy (RARH) versus laparoscopic right hemicolectomy (LRH) in octogenarian and nonagenarian patients.

Methods

This population-based, retrospective and observational study analyzed the data of adults ≥ 80 years old diagnosed with right-side colon cancer who received RARH or LRH. All data were extracted from the US National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database 2005–2018. Associations between type of surgery and in-hospital outcomes were determined using univariate and multivariable logistic regression and linear regression analysis.

Results

Data of 7,550 patients (representing 37,126 hospitalized patients in the U.S.) were analyzed. Mean age of the study population was 84.8 years, 61.4% were females, and 79.1% were non-smokers. After adjusting for relevant confounders, regression analysis showed that patients undergoing RARH had a significantly shorter LOS (adjusted Beta (aBeta), -0.24, 95% CI: -0.32, -0.15) but greater total hospital costs (aBeta, 26.54, 95% CI: 24.64, 28.44) than patients undergoing LRH. No significant differences in mortality, perioperative complications, and risk of unfavorable discharge were observed between the two procedures (p > 0.05). Stratified analyses by frailty status revealed consistent results.

Conclusions

RARH is associated with a significantly shorter LOS but higher total hospital costs than LRH among octogenarians and nonagenarians. Other short-term outcomes for this population are similar between the two procedures, including in-hospital mortality, perioperative complications, and unfavorable discharge. These findings also apply to frail patients.

Background

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a prevalent neurological disorder, but its diagnosis remains challenging. Dual-task (DT) walking performance is a reliable indicator of iNPH but less is known about the role of cognitive reserve (CR) in predicting DT walking performance.

Aims

The objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of CR on DT walking in healthy controls (HC) and in iNPH patients (iNPH-P).

Methods

68 iNPH-P (77.2 +/- 6.7 years old) and 28 HC (74.5 +/- 5.7 years old) were evaluated on their single-task walking (Vsimple) and on 4 DT walking (walking and counting or counting backwards, naming animals, naming words beginning with the letter P) (Vcount, VcountB, Vanimals and Vletter respectively). The contribution of CR on the different DT walking speeds was compared between HC and iNPH-P. In iNPH-P, the contribution of CR on the walking speeds was compared with regard to other cognitive, functional, and socio-demographic variables.

Results

Simple linear regression demonstrated a moderate influence of CR on single and DT walking speed in iNPH-P (β > 0.3, p < .001) but not in HC where the relation was not significant. In iNPH-P, results showed that CR played a major role in explaining each of the single and DT walking speeds with NPH-scale.

Conclusion

As CR could be improved through the life cycle, these results support the idea of developing and supporting physical activity programs that will enrich social, physical, and cognitive resources to protect against age-related functional decline, especially in iNPH-P patients where the age-related deficits are greater.

Background

Previous observational studies have revealed a potentially robust bidirectional relationship between frailty and low back pain (LBP). However, the precise causal relationship remains unclear.

Methods

To examine the potential causal association between frailty and LBP, we conducted bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis (MR) study. Genetic data on frailty index (FI) and LBP were acquired from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Various MR methodologies were utilized, such as inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted median, and MR-Egger, to evaluate causality. Additionally, sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the robustness of the findings.

Results

Genetically predicted higher FI (IVW, odds ratio [OR] = 1.66, 95% CI 1.17–2.36, p = 4.92E-03) was associated with a higher risk of LBP. As for the reverse direction, genetic liability to LBP showed consistent associations with a higher FI (IVW, OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.07–1.19, p = 2.67E-05). The outcomes from various MR techniques and sensitivity analyses indicate the robustness of our findings.

Conclusion

Our research findings provide additional evidence bolstering the bidirectional causal relationship between frailty and LBP.

Background

Delayed neurocognitive recovery (dNCR) can result in unfavorable outcomes in elderly surgical patients. Physical activity (PA) has been shown to improve cognitive function, potentially by reducing systemic inflammatory responses. However, there is a lack of supportive data indicating whether PA has a protective effect against dNCR.

Aims

To examine the correlation between dNCR and PA, and to further analyze if pro-inflammatory cytokines mediate this relationship.

Methods

This study is a prospective nested case-control investigation of elderly patients who had knee replacement surgery. dNCR was defined as a decline in cognitive function compared with baseline by using a battery of neuropsychological tests. PA was assessed with the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between PA and dNCR. Mediation analysis was employed to evaluate whether pro-inflammatory cytokines mediate the relationship between them.

Results

A cohort of 152 patients was included, resulting in an incidence rate of dNCR of 23.68%. PA was associated with dNCR after full adjustment [OR = 0.199, (95% CI, 0.061; 0.649), P = 0.007]. Mediation analysis showed that the IL-6 mediated the statistical association between PA and dNCR, with mediation proportions (%) of 77.68 (postoperative concentration of IL-6) or 27.58 (the absolute change in IL-6 before and after surgery).

Conclusions

PA serves as a protective factor against dNCR, possibly through the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations.

The Chinese Clinical Trail Registry

: www.http://chictr.org.cn, Registration No. ChiCTR2300070834, Registration date: April 24, 2023.

The prevalence of frailty is increasing, and it is associated with increased risk of diseases and adverse outcomes. Although substantial research has focused on post-stroke frailty, understanding of pre-stroke frailty remains limited. Our aim was to synthesize literature on pre-stroke frailty and stroke risk to explore their relationship and impact on prognosis. A systematic search of multiple databases was conducted to identify cohort studies published until October 28, 2023. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed with the I² statistic, and publication bias was evaluated using Begg’s test. Finally, we included 11 studies (n = 1,660,328 participants). The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) for stroke risk associated with pre-stroke frailty compared to non-frail individuals was 1.72 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.46–2.02, p = 0.002, I² = 69.2%, Begg’s test: p = 0.536). The pooled HRs for mortality and the pooled relative risk (RRs) modified Rankin Scale (mRs) associated with pre-stroke frailty were 1.68 (95% CI: 1.10–2.56, p = 0.136, I² = 49.9%, Begg’s test: p = 0.296) and 3.11 (95% CI: 1.77–5.46, p = 0.192, I² = 39.4%, Begg’s test: p = 1.000), respectively. In conclusion, pre-stroke frailty is strongly associated with stroke risk and impacts its prognosis, irrespective of the measurement method. Future research should focus on prospective studies to assess the effects of early intervention for frailty. This has significant implications for primary healthcare services and frailty management.