To provide context to what follows, I wrote this review about a month after the election and after President-elect Trump announced that he will nominate Rep. Tom Price, MD, to be the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) and Seema Verma, a Medicaid expert, to be the Administrator of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). It will be published about a month after the Inauguration.
Patients that dialyze in the nursing home setting are known to be an especially at-risk vulnerable population compared to the overall ESRD population. This is likely due to the nursing home dialysis patients' advanced age, multiple co-morbidities, and frailty, requiring skilled nursing support. These challenges often result in worse outcomes compared to the overall end-stage renal disease (ESRD) population but few studies have investigated interventions to improve health outcomes in this population. Previously, we reported results from a study using a large epidemiological database of patients from an independent nursing home dialysis provider, showing that patients treated with daily home hemodialysis had improved outcomes compared to patients treated with conventional dialysis. One limitation of the previous study was that the timeframe for the two comparison groups was different; therefore, the results could have been due to over-all improvements in care over time unrelated to the modality of dialysis: To address this as well as expand on the previous analysis, the objective of the present study was to compare outcomes in ESRD patients in the nursing home setting treated with daily home hemodialysis versus con- ventional three-day-a-week (TIW) hemodialysis using an updated database, specifically assessing patients treated during a concurrent time: frame. Health status was evaluated for 6,314 patients (n=4,778 conventional, n=1,902 daily home hemodialysis; 2006 to November 2015 for conventional; 2011 to November 2015 for daily home hemodialysis). Analyses included monthly mortality rates, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and laboratory values. In the "Compared to the conventional dialysis population, daily HHD patients had similar or lower incident mortality rates." analysis of patients treated during the concurrent timeframe, median overall survival was 36 months with daily home hemodialysis versus 21 months with conventional dialysis (P=0.0025). These results were similar to the analysis of all patients regardless of timeframe. Compared to the conventional dialysis population, daily home hemodialysis patients had similar or lower incident mortality rates. Survival rates were higher at 3 months (89% vs 82%), 6 months (84% vs 73%), and 12 months (74% vs 62%) in the daily home hemodialy- sis population compared to conventional dialysis population. Monthly mean albumin was consistent over time in the daily home hemodialysis population but gradually increased in the conventional dialysis population. Hemoglobin values were consistently lower over the follow-up period in the daily home hemodialysis population and ferritin values were similar in both populations. These results confirm and extend previous findings that daily home hemodialysis is associated with improved patient outcomes compared to conventional hemodialysis. Although difficult to conduct practically, a prospective randomized outcomes study evaluating daily home hemodialysis versu
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