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Urinary chloride excretion in critical illness and acute kidney injury: a paediatric hypothesis-generating cohort study post cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. 危重病和急性肾损伤时的尿氯排泄:心肺旁路手术后儿科假设队列研究。
IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q3 ANESTHESIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x241265119
Adrian C Mattke,Kerry E Johnson,Krishanti Ariyawansa,Peter Trnka,Prem S Venugopal,David Coman,Andreas Schibler,Kristen Gibbons
Renal chloride metabolism is currently poorly understood but may serve as both a diagnostic and a treatment approach for acute kidney injury. We investigated whether plasma chloride, ammonia and glutamine as well as urinary chloride, ammonium and glutamine concentrations may serve as markers for acute kidney injury in paediatric patients. We conducted a prospective observational trial in a tertiary care paediatric intensive care unit. Ninety-one patients after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery were enrolled. Plasma glutamine, creatinine, (serum) albumin, urinary electrolytes and glutamine were collected pre-cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, at paediatric intensive care unit admission, and at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after paediatric intensive care unit admission. The urinary strong ion difference was calculated. The median urinary chloride excretion decreased from 51 mmol/L pre-cardiopulmonary bypass to 25 mmol/L at paediatric intensive care unit admission, and increased from 24 h onwards. Patients with acute kidney injury had lower urinary chloride excretion than those without. The median urinary strong ion difference was 59 mmol/L pre-cardiopulmonary bypass, rose to 131 mmol/L at 24 h and fell to 20 mmol/L at 72 h. The plasma chloride rose from 105 mmol/L pre-cardiopulmonary bypass to a maximum of 109 mmol/L at 24 h. At 24 h the plasma chloride concentration was associated with the presence of acute kidney injury. There was no association between plasma or urinary amino acids and chloride excretion or kidney injury. In conclusion, renal chloride excretion decreased in all patients, although this decrease was more pronounced in patients with acute kidney injury. Our findings may reflect a response of the kidneys to critical illness, and acute kidney injury may make these changes more pronounced. Targeting chloride metabolism may offer treatment approaches to acute kidney injury.
目前,人们对肾脏的氯化物代谢还知之甚少,但它既可作为急性肾损伤的诊断方法,也可作为治疗方法。我们研究了血浆中的氯化物、氨和谷氨酰胺以及尿液中的氯化物、氨和谷氨酰胺浓度是否可作为儿科患者急性肾损伤的标志物。我们在一家三级医院的儿科重症监护室进行了一项前瞻性观察试验。心肺旁路手术后的 91 名患者参加了试验。我们在心肺搭桥手术前、儿科重症监护室入院时、儿科重症监护室入院后 6、12、24、48 和 72 小时采集了血浆谷氨酰胺、肌酐、(血清)白蛋白、尿电解质和谷氨酰胺。计算了尿液中强离子的差异。尿氯化物排泄量的中位数从心肺搭桥术前的 51 毫摩尔/升降至儿科重症监护室入院时的 25 毫摩尔/升,并从 24 小时后开始增加。急性肾损伤患者的尿氯化物排泄量低于非急性肾损伤患者。心肺旁路术前,尿液中强离子差值为 59 毫摩尔/升,24 小时后升至 131 毫摩尔/升,72 小时后降至 20 毫摩尔/升。血浆或尿液中的氨基酸与氯化物排泄或肾损伤之间没有关联。总之,所有患者的肾脏氯化物排泄量都有所下降,但这种下降在急性肾损伤患者中更为明显。我们的研究结果可能反映了肾脏对危重疾病的反应,而急性肾损伤可能使这些变化更加明显。针对氯化物的新陈代谢可能为急性肾损伤提供治疗方法。
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引用次数: 0
The nature of the response to airway management incident reports in high income countries: A scoping review. 高收入国家对气道管理事件报告的反应性质:范围审查。
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q3 ANESTHESIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/0310057X241227238
Yasmin Endlich, Ellen L Davies, Janet Kelly

Adverse events associated with failed airway management may have catastrophic consequences, and despite many advances in knowledge, guidelines and equipment, airway incidents and patient harm continue to occur. Patient safety incident reporting systems have been established to facilitate a reduction in incidents. However, it has been found that corrective actions are inadequate and successful safety improvements scarce. The aim of this scoping review was to assess whether the same is true for airway incidents by exploring academic literature that describes system changes in airway management in high-income countries over the last 30 years, based on findings and recommendations from incident reports and closed claims studies. This review followed the most recent guidance from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE and Embase, the JBI database, SCOPUS, the Cochrane Library and websites for anaesthetic societies were searched for eligible articles. Included articles were analysed and data synthesised to address the review's aim. The initial search yielded 28,492 results, of which 111 articles proceeded to the analysis phase. These included 23 full-text articles, 78 conference abstracts and 10 national guidelines addressing a range of airway initiatives across anaesthesia, intensive care and emergency medicine. While findings and recommendations from airway incident analyses are commonly published, there is a gap in the literature regarding the resulting system changes to reduce the number and severity of adverse airway events. Airway safety management mainly focuses on Safety-I events and thereby does not consider Safety-II principles, potentially missing out on all the information available from situations where airway management went well.

与气道管理失败相关的不良事件可能会造成灾难性后果,尽管在知识、指南和设备方面取得了许多进步,但气道事故和对患者的伤害仍时有发生。患者安全事故报告系统的建立有助于减少事故的发生。然而,人们发现,纠正措施并不充分,成功的安全改进也很少。本次范围界定综述的目的是,根据事故报告和结案索赔研究的结果和建议,探讨描述高收入国家在过去 30 年中气道管理制度变化的学术文献,从而评估气道事故是否也是如此。本综述遵循了乔安娜-布里格斯研究所(JBI)的最新指南。我们在 PubMed、Ovid MEDLINE 和 Embase、JBI 数据库、SCOPUS、Cochrane 图书馆和麻醉学会网站上搜索了符合条件的文章。对纳入的文章进行了分析和数据综合,以实现综述的目的。初步检索结果为 28,492 条,其中 111 篇文章进入分析阶段。其中包括 23 篇全文文章、78 篇会议摘要和 10 份国家指南,涉及麻醉、重症监护和急诊医学领域的一系列气道措施。虽然气道事件分析的结果和建议通常都会发表,但关于由此产生的系统变革以减少不良气道事件的数量和严重程度的文献却存在空白。气道安全管理主要关注安全-I级事件,因此没有考虑安全-II级原则,可能会遗漏气道管理顺利情况下的所有可用信息。
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引用次数: 0
Variations of nitrous oxide procurement per public hospital bed between Australian states and territories: A cross-sectional analysis. 澳大利亚各州和地区公立医院每张病床一氧化二氮采购量的变化:横截面分析。
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q3 ANESTHESIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1177/0310057X241262796
Elizabeth P Hu, Hayden Burch, Eugenie Kayak, Forbes McGain

We aimed to identify variations in nitrous oxide (N2O) procurement between Australian states and territories per public hospital bed by undertaking a cross-sectional analysis of N2O procurement data for all Australian public hospitals from 1 January 2017 to 30 June 2022. Data were obtained from state and territory departments of health. All Australian public hospitals across six states and two territories were included. We obtained N2O procurement data from Department of Health representatives from all states and territories, accounting for all 697 Australian public hospitals and four public dental hospitals. The main outcome measured in this study was N2O procurement per public hospital bed by state or territory. Across the 5 years (1 January 2017 to 30 June 2022) an average of 242,054 (standard deviation (SD) 16,222) kg of N2O, equivalent to 64,144 (4299) tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions (CO2e), were procured per annum. CO2e emissions from N2O purchase varied more than threefold per public hospital bed between different states/territories (0.47-1.48 CO2e tonnes per hospital bed). There were significant variations in N2O procurement between Australian states and territories when adjusted for public hospital bed numbers. Further analysis of this variation to determine cause and to guide mitigation interventions is therefore warranted.

我们旨在通过对2017年1月1日至2022年6月30日期间澳大利亚所有公立医院的一氧化二氮(N2O)采购数据进行横截面分析,确定澳大利亚各州和地区之间每张公立医院病床一氧化二氮(N2O)采购量的差异。数据来自各州和地区卫生部门。澳大利亚六个州和两个领地的所有公立医院均被纳入其中。我们从各州和地区的卫生部代表处获得了一氧化二氮的采购数据,包括所有 697 家澳大利亚公立医院和四家公立牙科医院。本研究衡量的主要结果是各州或地区公立医院每张病床的一氧化二氮采购量。在 5 年内(2017 年 1 月 1 日至 2022 年 6 月 30 日),平均每年采购 242054(标准差 16222)公斤一氧化二氮,相当于 64144(4299)吨二氧化碳排放量(CO2e)。在不同的州/地区,每张公立医院病床因购买一氧化二氮而产生的二氧化碳排放量相差三倍多(每张病床 0.47-1.48 二氧化碳当量吨)。根据公立医院床位数进行调整后,澳大利亚各州和地区之间的一氧化二氮采购量差异很大。因此,有必要对这种差异进行进一步分析,以确定原因并指导减排干预措施。
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引用次数: 0
Just-in-time training for nasotracheal intubation: A report of a pilot study. 鼻气管插管的即时培训:试点研究报告。
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q3 ANESTHESIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1177/0310057X241261389
Nellie Dick, Jacqueline H Byrne, Debbie L Massey, Kersi J Taraporewalla
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引用次数: 0
Patient rating of postoperative outcome measures. 患者对术后结果的评分。
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q3 ANESTHESIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1177/0310057X241261391
Chloe J Ashhurst, Natalie A Smith
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引用次数: 0
Hirudin and the evolution of leeches in medicine. 水蛭素和水蛭在医学中的演变。
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q3 ANESTHESIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/0310057X241265610
Christine M Ball, Peter J Featherstone
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引用次数: 0
A single-centre retrospective study of the utility of routine chest X-ray post intrathoracic drain removal in cardiothoracic surgical patients. 一项关于心胸外科患者胸腔内引流管移除后常规胸部 X 光检查效用的单中心回顾性研究。
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q3 ANESTHESIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1177/0310057X241257529
Reece D Rowbottom, Hemang P Doshi, David Bowen

Routine chest X-ray (CXR) post intrathoracic drain removal in cardiac surgical patients is common practice to identify the presence of a pneumothorax following drain removal. Such pneumothoraces occur infrequently and rarely require intervention. We investigated the utility of routine CXR post drain removal and hypothesised that the practice is unnecessary and a possible area for significant cost saving. We conducted a single-centre, retrospective study of 390 patients who underwent cardiac surgery over a one-year period. Routine CXR post drain removal was reviewed for the presence of a pneumothorax. Rates of intervention post routine CXR were analysed to assess for clinical benefit obtained from this practice. Potential cost savings were calculated by the cost of a mobile CXR and by considering the radiographer's time. There were 15 pneumothoraces detected on routine CXR post drain removal. All pneumothoraces detected on routine post drain removal CXR were defined as small. No patients had a clinically significant pneumothorax requiring re-insertion of a chest drain. The potential cost saved by omitting routine CXR post drain removal was estimated to be approximately A$7750 per year. This study did not detect any clinically significant pneumothoraces requiring intervention. It also suggests that routine CXR post drain removal does not provide any clinical benefit and indicates that current practice should be reviewed.

心脏外科患者在拔出胸腔内引流管后常规进行胸部 X 光检查 (CXR),是识别引流管拔出后是否存在气胸的常用方法。这种气胸很少发生,也很少需要干预。我们调查了拔除引流管后进行常规 CXR 检查的效用,并假设这种做法是不必要的,而且可能会大大节约成本。我们对 390 名接受心脏手术的患者进行了为期一年的单中心回顾性研究。我们对拔除引流管后的常规 CXR 进行了复查,以确定是否存在气胸。对常规 CXR 检查后的干预率进行了分析,以评估这种做法的临床效益。根据移动 CXR 的成本并考虑到放射技师的时间,计算出了潜在的成本节约。在拔除引流管后进行常规 CXR 检查时发现了 15 个气胸。所有在拔除引流管后的常规 CXR 检查中发现的气胸均被定义为小气胸。没有患者出现需要重新插入胸腔引流管的临床重大气胸。据估计,在移除引流管后不进行常规 CXR 检查每年可节省约 7750 澳元。这项研究没有发现任何需要干预的临床重大气胸。该研究还表明,引流管拔出后的常规 CXR 检查不会带来任何临床益处,因此应重新审视目前的做法。
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引用次数: 0
Oesophageal intubations in anaesthetic practice across Australia and New Zealand: A webAIRS analysis of 109 incidents. 澳大利亚和新西兰麻醉实践中的食管插管:对 109 起事件的网络 AIRS 分析。
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q3 ANESTHESIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1177/0310057X241244809
Yasmin Endlich, Thomas P Fox, Martin D Culwick, Christopher J Acott

Oesophageal intubations are more common than may be realised and can potentially cause significant patient harm even if promptly identified and corrected. Reports of morbidity due to unrecognised oesophageal intubation continue to present in coroner and media reports. Therefore, it would be helpful to identify mechanisms to prevent these events and implement strategies to avoid and identify incorrect endotracheal tube placement. This analysis of oesophageal intubations reported to webAIRS aims to provide an in-depth analysis of all events in which oesophageal intubation occurred. WebAIRS is a web-based, bi-national incident reporting system collecting voluntarily reported anaesthetic events across Australia and New Zealand, with more than 10,500 incidents registered. A structured search through the webAIRS database identified 109 reports of oesophageal intubation reported between July 2009 and September 2022. A common cause of oesophageal intubation was the misidentification of the larynx due to a poor laryngeal view. Desaturation directly attributed to the misplaced endotracheal tube occurred in 43% of all reports. The authors precisely defined early recognised oesophageal intubation and delayed or unrecognised oesophageal intubation. Most reports (74%) described early recognition of the misplaced intubation, of which 27% led to directly contributed to hypoxia. Cardiovascular collapse as a direct consequence of the late recognition of oesophageal intubation was described in five (18%) of these events. There was inconsistency in end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring and interpretation of the resulting waveform. Findings show that oesophageal intubation continues to be an issue in anaesthesia. Incidents described confusion in diagnosis, human factors issues and cognitive bias. Clear diagnostic guidance and treatment strategies are required to be developed, tested and implemented.

食道插管比人们意识到的更为常见,即使及时发现并纠正,也可能对患者造成重大伤害。在验尸官和媒体报道中,因未识别食道插管而导致的发病率仍时有发生。因此,找出预防这些事件的机制并实施避免和识别错误气管插管的策略将大有裨益。此次对 WebAIRS 报告的食管插管事件进行分析,旨在对发生食管插管的所有事件进行深入分析。WebAIRS 是一个基于网络的两国事故报告系统,收集了澳大利亚和新西兰两国自愿报告的麻醉事故,登记在册的事故超过 10,500 起。通过对 WebAIRS 数据库进行结构化搜索,发现 2009 年 7 月至 2022 年 9 月期间共报告了 109 起食道插管事件。食道插管的常见原因是喉部视野不佳导致喉部识别错误。在所有报告中,43%的患者因气管插管位置错误而直接导致呼吸减弱。作者对早期识别的食管插管和延迟或未识别的食管插管进行了精确定义。大多数报告(74%)描述了早期识别错位插管的情况,其中 27% 直接导致了缺氧。在这些事件中,有五例(18%)描述了食管插管识别过晚直接导致的心血管衰竭。潮气末二氧化碳监测和对所产生波形的解释不一致。研究结果表明,食管插管仍然是麻醉中的一个问题。事件描述了诊断混乱、人为因素问题和认知偏差。需要制定、测试和实施明确的诊断指导和治疗策略。
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引用次数: 0
Taipan envenoming … south of the border. 氹仔......南部边境。
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q3 ANESTHESIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1177/0310057X241247852
Rachel Heap, Aaron Kennedy, William Davies, Theo Tasoulis, Geoffrey K Isbister

We present a case of severe taipan envenoming in northern New South Wales in a 68-year-old man. He developed severe neurotoxicity requiring intubation and ventilation, venom-induced consumption coagulopathy, myotoxicity and thrombotic microangiopathy with acute kidney injury requiring dialysis. He was administered brown and tiger snake antivenom consistent with guidelines and snake occurrence in the region. Taipan venom was detected in serum (72 ng/ml) following concern about the severity of neurotoxicity, clinical toxicology consultation and a concurrent report of a taipan in the area. Based on this it would be prudent to stock and consider treating with polyvalent antivenom in north-eastern New South Wales and south-eastern Queensland.

我们介绍了一例在新南威尔士州北部发生的严重奚班毒液中毒事件,患者是一名 68 岁的男性。他出现了严重的神经中毒,需要插管和通气,毒液诱发消耗性凝血病、肌毒性和血栓性微血管病,并伴有急性肾损伤,需要透析。根据指南和该地区的蛇类分布情况,为他注射了褐蛇和虎蛇抗蛇毒血清。由于担心神经毒性的严重性,经临床毒理学会诊,并同时报告该地区有一条大班蛇,因此在血清中检测到大班蛇毒液(72 纳克/毫升)。有鉴于此,在新南威尔士州东北部和昆士兰州东南部储备并考虑使用多价抗蛇毒血清进行治疗是明智之举。
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引用次数: 0
Is patient data measurement and recording important in advancing healthcare studies? 患者数据的测量和记录对推进医疗保健研究是否重要?
IF 1.1 4区 医学 Q3 ANESTHESIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1177/0310057X241253853
Martin D Culwick, Rachel Ling, Kavita Sen, Yasmin Endlich, André A van Zundert
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引用次数: 0
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Anaesthesia and Intensive Care
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