Digitale Bilddiagnostik最新文献

Using a 1.5 Tesla super-conducting magnet T2 weighted images of the brain not seldom exhibit a reduced signal intensity in the region of the basal ganglia as an expression of increased iron deposits in these regions. We examined 180 patients (a control group, and groups of patients with vascular, inflammatory or tumorous disease of the brain) in order to answer the question whether the T2-relaxation times of the basal ganglia show a correlation to age, sex and the disease of the patient. We measured a significant decrease of the T2-relaxation times in women compared to men in the region of the basal ganglia. We observed increased T2-relaxation times in the region of basal ganglia with aging in the control group. We were able to show disease-specific alterations in the iron distributions in the region of the basal ganglia in patients with vascular and inflammatory disorders of the brain.

We give an overview of historical development, methodology and clinical applications of a recently developed device for mapping multichannel EEG, spectral EEG and Evoked Potentials and displaying results as color-coded maps of electrical brain function within contours of a head. The option of mapping results of statistic analysis provides broad application to brain diseases, especially psychopathologic disorders of organic origin not detectable by any other imaging procedures.

11 years after patch aortoplasty due to coarctation of the aorta a 33 year-old patient experienced two spontaneous haemoptyses. A centralvenous digital subtraction angiography demonstrated a large aneurysm of the proximal descending aorta penetrating the left upper lobe of the lung. The successful emergency surgical treatment consisted of implantation of a dacron-prosthesis.

The ultrasonographic findings of 43 patients with AIDS and ARC were analyzed. In 63% an enlarged liver, in 66% an enlarged spleen, partially with focal lesions, and in 21% enlarged abdominal lymph nodes were diagnosed. The typical parenchymal lesions of the kidney (focal segmental glomerulosclerosis) were not observed. Abdominal ultrasound is the first diagnostic procedure to perform in patients with AIDS and ARC with the suspicion of abdominal pathology. With additional thin needle puncture of the lesions a histological verification of the pathologic findings is possible.

59 prospective duplex ultrasound studies have been performed on 30 patients after renal transplant to assess the feasibility of detection of acute rejection. The results were compared with clinical, biochemical and histopathologic findings. Real time ultrasound was not a reliable method in predicting acute rejection. Doppler sonography, however, characteristically showed a diminished diastolic blood flow in all cases of acute rejection. Acute tubular necrosis and cyclosporine toxicity were not provable, neither by real time ultrasound nor by doppler sonography. Duplex ultrasound combines the advantages of both methods in detecting perirenal fluid collections, hydronephrosis and acute transplant rejection.

As in traumatology of the head the HR-CT of the injured petrous bone is now the imaging method of choice. With axial and coronary slices one can show not only the different parts of the ear but also the course of the facial nerve and particularly the ossicles in the tympanon. The fractures are nice to show, also the soft tissue lesions like brainprolaps in the tympanon or hematotympanon because of the better density resolution in comparison to the conventional tomography with rather higher radiation dose especially for the eye lenses. Important are the slice thickness of 1.5 mm with special examination technique, that also small fractures of the pyramid particularly the labyrinthous organ and of the ossicles mostly associated with dislocations are detectable. Regarding that with the clinical possibilities there are particular consequences for the otosurgeon. The ossicular dislocations of other than traumatic cause are rare.

The first part describes details of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) which are of interest for the examination by computed tomography. In the second part three new planes of reference for scanning of the ventral, middle or dorsal part of the joint are presented. CT examinations were made of 14 TMJ of corpses to identify the medial or ventral parts of the articular disc, medial wall of the articular capsule and medial or triangular recessus to achieve this were scanned the corpses with opened and closed mouth, as well as with closed sets of teeth using a sort of hypomochlion in the molar region to distract the TMJ. More over we applicated different contrast mediums like air and niob.

This report describes two cases of intraneuronal ganglia cysts with degeneration of the peroneal and suprascapular nerve. In addition to standard radiographs other diagnostic studies such as CT and MRI may be required to ascertain the extent of the lesion. Histopathologic information is derived from biopsy.

With rephasing and dephasing sequences the vascular system is imaged with high or low signal intensity whereas stationary tissue is imaged with identical signal intensity. With images recorded in systole and diastole followed by image subtraction separate imaging of arteries or veins without background superposition is possible. 13 patients with vascular lesions of the lower extremities and 7 volunteers were examined. Vascular stenosis, aneurysm, dilatation, occlusion and collateral vessels could be imaged similar to digital subtraction angiography. Vessels with a diameter down to 1 mm could be imaged. The large slice thickness up to 80 mm results in projection type images where the vascular tree is imaged over the whole field of view and without partial volume effects.

In this study the dynamic contrast behavior after Gd-DTPA of different breast tissues and tumors has been investigated with a series of T1-weighted FLASH-sequences during the first 5 minutes after the application of Gd-DTPA. The results of these dynamic FLASH-measurements have been compared to the results of the SE-sequences 6-10 and 11-15 minutes after Gd-DTPA in 40 patients with 54 different breast tissues. It could be shown that in a number of cases a better differentiation (e.g. DD between carcinomas and proliferative dysplasia) was possible on FLASH-scans early after contrast medium than on the late SE-scans. Only the distinction between non-proliferative and proliferative dysplasia was better on the late SE-scans. Evaluation of the enhancement dynamics may be helpful in some cases as an additional information. Further investigations are necessary to confirm these findings and to assess their value.