For the first time Cubic spinel Cobalt Stannate Co2SnO4 (CTO) nanomaterial elaborated by spray pyrolysis root and used as sensitive layer for ethanol (C2H5OH) vapours detection. The response of layer towards low, medium and high ethanol concentrations exhibited a stable behaviour under dry and humid atmospheres at the optimal working temperature of 150 °C, which is relatively low temperature if we compared to those of the conventional semiconductor gas sensors. The morphology and structure of the elaborated layer were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The characteristics results allow us to propose a detection mechanism involving CO2 as intermediate reactive molecules. According to its stable and acceptable sensing response, Co2SnO4 could be considered as a promising sensitive layer for ethanol sensors devices at low and high humidity rates.
{"title":"A Novel Promising Sensing Properties of Sprayed Ternary Co 2SnO 4 Towards Ethanol Vapours","authors":"A. Labidi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3708729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3708729","url":null,"abstract":"For the first time Cubic spinel Cobalt Stannate Co<sub>2</sub>SnO<sub>4</sub> (CTO) nanomaterial elaborated by spray pyrolysis root and used as sensitive layer for ethanol (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH) vapours detection. The response of layer towards low, medium and high ethanol concentrations exhibited a stable behaviour under dry and humid atmospheres at the optimal working temperature of 150 °C, which is relatively low temperature if we compared to those of the conventional semiconductor gas sensors. The morphology and structure of the elaborated layer were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The characteristics results allow us to propose a detection mechanism involving CO<sub>2</sub> as intermediate reactive molecules. According to its stable and acceptable sensing response, Co<sub>2</sub>SnO<sub>4</sub> could be considered as a promising sensitive layer for ethanol sensors devices at low and high humidity rates.","PeriodicalId":7765,"journal":{"name":"AMI: Scripta Materialia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82452717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are known to have four core effects that lead to the superior mechanical properties over traditional alloys. In this paper, we investigated a new core effect that contribute to the unique characteristics of HEAs. The stacking fault and twin formation energies of AlxCoCrFeNi HEAs were calculated with the density functional theory (DFT) methods, which show large variations and even negative energies due to the new core effect. A design principle was proposed to predict the mechanical properties of the HEAs. The effect of temperature was also determined, which is consistent with the experimental results.
{"title":"Core Effect of Local Atomic Configuration and Design Principles of Al xCoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloys","authors":"Yu-Chia Yang, Cuixia Liu, Chun-Yu Lin, Z. Xia","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3446987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3446987","url":null,"abstract":"High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are known to have four core effects that lead to the superior mechanical properties over traditional alloys. In this paper, we investigated a new core effect that contribute to the unique characteristics of HEAs. The stacking fault and twin formation energies of Al<sub>x</sub>CoCrFeNi HEAs were calculated with the density functional theory (DFT) methods, which show large variations and even negative energies due to the new core effect. A design principle was proposed to predict the mechanical properties of the HEAs. The effect of temperature was also determined, which is consistent with the experimental results.","PeriodicalId":7765,"journal":{"name":"AMI: Scripta Materialia","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89542088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liang Wang, W. Bi, L. Deng, S. Xiao, Li Bingqing, X. Deng, Xingming Zhang, Jian-feng Tang, Wangyu Hu
Abstract We report the ductile-brittle transitions and their reliances on specific surface area (γ), for the bi-continuous and open-cell nanoporous (NP) Cu in tension, using molecular dynamics simulations. With an increase of γ, NP Cu undergo the first ductile-to-brittle (γ≤ 2.13 nm−1) and subsequent brittle-to-ductile (γ > 2.13 nm−1) transitions. Two different plasticity modes are governing such two ductile-brittle transitions: dislocation activities inhibition for the former and dislocation networks formation contributes to the latter. Serving as the origin of dislocations/stacking faults, the surface characteristic plays a key role in such ductile-brittle transition and deformation modes.
{"title":"Ductile-Brittle Transition of Open-Cell Nanoporous Cu in Tension: A Reliance of Specific Surface Area","authors":"Liang Wang, W. Bi, L. Deng, S. Xiao, Li Bingqing, X. Deng, Xingming Zhang, Jian-feng Tang, Wangyu Hu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3414017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3414017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We report the ductile-brittle transitions and their reliances on specific surface area (γ), for the bi-continuous and open-cell nanoporous (NP) Cu in tension, using molecular dynamics simulations. With an increase of γ, NP Cu undergo the first ductile-to-brittle (γ≤ 2.13 nm−1) and subsequent brittle-to-ductile (γ > 2.13 nm−1) transitions. Two different plasticity modes are governing such two ductile-brittle transitions: dislocation activities inhibition for the former and dislocation networks formation contributes to the latter. Serving as the origin of dislocations/stacking faults, the surface characteristic plays a key role in such ductile-brittle transition and deformation modes.","PeriodicalId":7765,"journal":{"name":"AMI: Scripta Materialia","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84041162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. J. Lloyd, R. Abernethy, I. Griffiths, P. Bagot, M. Moody, D. Armstrong, M. Gilbert
Abstract High temperature, neutron irradiated single crystal tungsten, with a post irradiation composition of W - 1.20 ± 0.11 at.%Re - 0.11 ± 0.05 at.%Os - 0.03 ± 0.01 at.%Ta was characterised using a combination of Atom Probe Tomography (APT) and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM). APT showed that within nanoscale clusters of Re/Os, the atomic density was above the theoretical limit. Complimentary High Angle Annular Dark Field (HAADF) imaging shows that some clusters contain voids at their centre which are leading to APT aberrations and enhancing the atomic density. High resolution Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy shows that voids are decorated with a shell of rhenium with a small osmium cluster to one side.
{"title":"Decoration of Voids with Rhenium and Osmium Transmutation Products in Neutron Irradiated Single Crystal Tungsten","authors":"M. J. Lloyd, R. Abernethy, I. Griffiths, P. Bagot, M. Moody, D. Armstrong, M. Gilbert","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3389518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3389518","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract High temperature, neutron irradiated single crystal tungsten, with a post irradiation composition of W - 1.20 ± 0.11 at.%Re - 0.11 ± 0.05 at.%Os - 0.03 ± 0.01 at.%Ta was characterised using a combination of Atom Probe Tomography (APT) and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM). APT showed that within nanoscale clusters of Re/Os, the atomic density was above the theoretical limit. Complimentary High Angle Annular Dark Field (HAADF) imaging shows that some clusters contain voids at their centre which are leading to APT aberrations and enhancing the atomic density. High resolution Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy shows that voids are decorated with a shell of rhenium with a small osmium cluster to one side.","PeriodicalId":7765,"journal":{"name":"AMI: Scripta Materialia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83142818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We develop a fatigue cohesive zone-magnetomechanical coupling model for predicting crack initiation at coating/substrate interface of ferromagnetic materials. The model is constructed based on the spontaneous magnetization phenomenon and the cohesive zone concept. The variation of measurable physical magnetic field intensity with fatigue cycles at the interfacial pre-crack tip is analyzed. The physical mechanism underlying generation and variation of interfacial spontaneous magnetization is also revealed from magnetic domain movement. The model can be used to calculate the magnetic field intensity threshold of interfacial crack initiation, which provides the evaluation guidance for magnetic nondestructive testing of coating/substrate interface.
{"title":"Fatigue Cohesive Zone-Magnetomechanical Coupling Model for Crack Initiation Detection at Coating/Substrate Interface","authors":"Zhengchun Qian, Haihong Huang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3389486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3389486","url":null,"abstract":"We develop a fatigue cohesive zone-magnetomechanical coupling model for predicting crack initiation at coating/substrate interface of ferromagnetic materials. The model is constructed based on the spontaneous magnetization phenomenon and the cohesive zone concept. The variation of measurable physical magnetic field intensity with fatigue cycles at the interfacial pre-crack tip is analyzed. The physical mechanism underlying generation and variation of interfacial spontaneous magnetization is also revealed from magnetic domain movement. The model can be used to calculate the magnetic field intensity threshold of interfacial crack initiation, which provides the evaluation guidance for magnetic nondestructive testing of coating/substrate interface.","PeriodicalId":7765,"journal":{"name":"AMI: Scripta Materialia","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84279010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Development of high performance Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) requires careful microstructure design which can improve material's fracture toughness while maintaining high strength. Microstructure and constituent properties combine to determine the overall fracture toughness of MMCs through the activation of different deformation and failure mechanisms. Although the effects of key microstructural attributes on the fracture toughness of MMCs have been discussed in previous studies, their effects on the interplay between plastic deformation and crack formation, as well as their effects on the competing failure mechanisms have not been systematically studied. In this paper, an integrated experimental and analytical framework is presented to evaluate the fracture toughness of MMCs through an assessment of energy contributions in terms of plastic deformation and crack surface formation in the matrix, reinforcement particles and interface. J-integral is calculated through displacement field measurement using Digital Image Correlation method. The competition of different failure mechanisms and their relations with material deformation are quantified through an analytical model by considering the effects of reinforcement volume fraction, interfacial property and yield stress of the matrix. Calculations carried out concern 6092Al/SiCp, but the overall approach applies to other MMCs as well. Results from this work indicate that interface debonding is a beneficial failure mechanism for fracture toughness enhancement of MMCs. It not only increases the surface energy dissipation by creating tortuous crack paths, but also promotes plastic deformation in the ductile matrix which largely contributes to the toughening of MMCs. The activation of interface debonding primarily depends on the volume fraction of SiCp, the yield stress of Al and the interface bonding energy.
{"title":"Competing Failure Mechanisms in Metal Matrix Composites and Their Effects on Fracture Toughness","authors":"Yan Li, Jun Cao, C. Williams","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3310383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3310383","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Development of high performance Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) requires careful microstructure design which can improve material's fracture toughness while maintaining high strength. Microstructure and constituent properties combine to determine the overall fracture toughness of MMCs through the activation of different deformation and failure mechanisms. Although the effects of key microstructural attributes on the fracture toughness of MMCs have been discussed in previous studies, their effects on the interplay between plastic deformation and crack formation, as well as their effects on the competing failure mechanisms have not been systematically studied. In this paper, an integrated experimental and analytical framework is presented to evaluate the fracture toughness of MMCs through an assessment of energy contributions in terms of plastic deformation and crack surface formation in the matrix, reinforcement particles and interface. J-integral is calculated through displacement field measurement using Digital Image Correlation method. The competition of different failure mechanisms and their relations with material deformation are quantified through an analytical model by considering the effects of reinforcement volume fraction, interfacial property and yield stress of the matrix. Calculations carried out concern 6092Al/SiCp, but the overall approach applies to other MMCs as well. Results from this work indicate that interface debonding is a beneficial failure mechanism for fracture toughness enhancement of MMCs. It not only increases the surface energy dissipation by creating tortuous crack paths, but also promotes plastic deformation in the ductile matrix which largely contributes to the toughening of MMCs. The activation of interface debonding primarily depends on the volume fraction of SiCp, the yield stress of Al and the interface bonding energy.","PeriodicalId":7765,"journal":{"name":"AMI: Scripta Materialia","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87315821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on quasi in-situ observation on the slip trace during compression of a widmannstätten-structure titanium alloy, it was firstly found that the slip initiated in the interlayer β prior to lamellar α within one α colony. Interestingly, the preferential slip initiation in interlayer β did not occur at the highest Schmid factor (SF). The slip transfer from interlayer β to lamellar α did not only require a good collaboration between SF and geometric compatability parameter (m'), but also need a large accumulation of deformation in interlayer β.
{"title":"Preferential Slip Initiation in Interlayer β During Compression of a Widmannstätten-Structure Titanium Alloy","authors":"Ke Wang, Zhibing Yan, Yu Zhou, R. Xin, Qing Liu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3414706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3414706","url":null,"abstract":"Based on quasi in-situ observation on the slip trace during compression of a widmannstätten-structure titanium alloy, it was firstly found that the slip initiated in the interlayer β prior to lamellar α within one α colony. Interestingly, the preferential slip initiation in interlayer β did not occur at the highest Schmid factor (SF). The slip transfer from interlayer β to lamellar α did not only require a good collaboration between SF and geometric compatability parameter <i>(m'</i>), but also need a large accumulation of deformation in interlayer β.","PeriodicalId":7765,"journal":{"name":"AMI: Scripta Materialia","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79356348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sean H. Mills, Yu Hong, B. Kappes, R. Noebe, M. A. Zaeem, A. Stebner, B. Amin-ahmadi
A "cubic Ni3Ti2" precipitate phase recently reported to exist within NiTi and NiTiNb alloys is documented to also form within a Ni56Ti36Hf8 alloy upon aging. Using transmission electron microscopy and ab intio density functional theory techniques, the phase is more precisely identified to be Ni16Ti11 with symmetry of the pm3m space group and a lattice parameter a = 8.816 Å. In this structure, nickel atoms preferentially segregate to the perimeter lattice sites of the 54-atom unit cell.
{"title":"Identification of a Ni 16Ti 11 Precipitate Phase within Nickel-Rich, Nickel-Titanium-Based Alloys","authors":"Sean H. Mills, Yu Hong, B. Kappes, R. Noebe, M. A. Zaeem, A. Stebner, B. Amin-ahmadi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3438560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3438560","url":null,"abstract":"A \"cubic Ni<sub>3</sub>Ti<sub>2</sub>\" precipitate phase recently reported to exist within NiTi and NiTiNb alloys is documented to also form within a Ni<sub>56</sub>Ti<sub>36</sub>Hf<sub>8</sub> alloy upon aging. Using transmission electron microscopy and ab intio density functional theory techniques, the phase is more precisely identified to be Ni<sub>16</sub>Ti<sub>11</sub> with symmetry of the <i>pm3m</i> space group and a lattice parameter a = 8.816 Å. In this structure, nickel atoms preferentially segregate to the perimeter lattice sites of the 54-atom unit cell.","PeriodicalId":7765,"journal":{"name":"AMI: Scripta Materialia","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86209691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dexin Zhao, Xiaolong Ma, S. Picak, I. Karaman, K. Xie
In this work, we statistically studied the activation and suppression of < c+a > dislocations in a textured Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy after compression. Our results revealed that the activation and suppression of < c+a > dislocations in polycrystals are primarily governed by the overall texture, regardless of the crystallographic orientation of each grain. This observation is explained by the requirement of five independent slip systems, reduced anisotropy, and twin-induced strain localization. These direct observations of < c+a > dislocation activities offer a key insight into understanding the deformation mechanism of polycrystalline Mg alloys.
{"title":"Activation and Suppression of < c+a > Dislocations in a Textured Mg-3Al-1Zn Alloy","authors":"Dexin Zhao, Xiaolong Ma, S. Picak, I. Karaman, K. Xie","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3490395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3490395","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we statistically studied the activation and suppression of <i>< c+a ></i> dislocations in a textured Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy after compression. Our results revealed that the activation and suppression of <i>< c+a ></i> dislocations in polycrystals are primarily governed by the overall texture, regardless of the crystallographic orientation of each grain. This observation is explained by the requirement of five independent slip systems, reduced anisotropy, and twin-induced strain localization. These direct observations of <i>< c+a ></i> dislocation activities offer a key insight into understanding the deformation mechanism of polycrystalline Mg alloys.","PeriodicalId":7765,"journal":{"name":"AMI: Scripta Materialia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78573875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yiqiang Wang, S. Clark, B. Cai, D. Venero, Md. Mohidul Hasan, M. Gorley, E. Surrey, G. McCartney, S. Seetharaman, P. Lee
Ti-containing micro-alloyed steels are often alloyed with molybdenum (Mo) to reduce nano-precipitate coarsening, although the mechanism is still disputed. Using small angle neutron scattering we characterised the precipitate composition and coarsening of Ti-alloyed and Ti-Mo-alloyed steels. The results demonstrate ~25 at.% of Ti is substituted by Mo in the (Ti, Mo)C precipitates, increasing both the precipitate volume percent and average size. Mo alloying did not retard precipitation coarsening, but improved lattice misfit between precipitate and matrix, contributing to better aging resistance of the Ti-Mo-alloyed steel. This new understanding opens opportunities for designing aging-resistant micro-alloyed steels with lean alloying elements.
{"title":"Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Reveals the Effect of Mo on Interphase Nano-Precipitation in Ti-Mo Micro-Alloyed Steels","authors":"Yiqiang Wang, S. Clark, B. Cai, D. Venero, Md. Mohidul Hasan, M. Gorley, E. Surrey, G. McCartney, S. Seetharaman, P. Lee","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3441028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3441028","url":null,"abstract":"Ti-containing micro-alloyed steels are often alloyed with molybdenum (Mo) to reduce nano-precipitate coarsening, although the mechanism is still disputed. Using small angle neutron scattering we characterised the precipitate composition and coarsening of Ti-alloyed and Ti-Mo-alloyed steels. The results demonstrate ~25 at.% of Ti is substituted by Mo in the (Ti, Mo)C precipitates, increasing both the precipitate volume percent and average size. Mo alloying did not retard precipitation coarsening, but improved lattice misfit between precipitate and matrix, contributing to better aging resistance of the Ti-Mo-alloyed steel. This new understanding opens opportunities for designing aging-resistant micro-alloyed steels with lean alloying elements.","PeriodicalId":7765,"journal":{"name":"AMI: Scripta Materialia","volume":" 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91415495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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