Thank you, Gordon, for your generous words, by which you underline the scientific vision, mutual encouragement, and friendship that we have shared over several decades, both in our professional and personal lives. Thank you for your continuous support. I particularly appreciate the fact that it is you who is introducing me to this most prestigious distinction.It is a great honor, totally unexpected, to have been nominated and even more surprising to have been chosen for the prestigious Roebling medal and I am deeply honored. I warmly thank the MSA Council, the members of the Roebling Committee, and all those who nominated me for their confidence. Thank you also to those who have come to this luncheon or attended the Sunday symposium on “Molecular-scale approaches in Mineralogy: bridging the gap from microscopic to macroscopic.” The great talks presented during this meeting demonstrated the topicality of molecular-scale approaches. But also, this honor makes me very humbled, particularly when I look at the list of previous recipients extending back to 1937, including so many legendary people. As a special mention, as I am the second French to be awarded this honor, I should mention Raymond Castaing, the father of the electron microprobe, who was the first French scientist to receive the Roebling Medal in 1977.I have been attracted to minerals since middle school. After being admitted at Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) de Saint-Cloud-Lyon and following Geology classes at the Sorbonne, I began a series of internships in the historical Mineralogy-Crystallography Department of the Sorbonne, founded at the time of Napoleon 1st in 1809 and probably one of the oldest laboratories of France. It is now the Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie (IMPMC) of Sorbonne Université. At this time, I was fascinated by mineral colors, unfortunately, considered a marginal topic in a laboratory mostly working on crystal structures. I had a bright professor, Hubert Curien (1924–2005), who explained clearly and simply the most recent concepts in crystallography, including crystal physics and point defects. Curien, a life fellow of MSA, occupied the most important positions in the French scientific system, including as Minister of Research and Technology in several French Governments (Calas 2007). After a first work on the superb colors of natural fluorites, I succeeded in a competition to become a high school teacher while obtaining at the same time a research fellow position at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). I took the second possibility with pleasure and started to investigate the structural properties of glasses using the spectroscopic properties of the transition elements they contain. In 1980, I was appointed full professor at University of Paris 7 (now University Paris-Cité). At the same time, a major change in my activities occurred with the access to synchrotron radiation sources. Indeed, the first operational syn
{"title":"Acceptance of the 2023 Roebling Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America","authors":"Georges Calas","doi":"10.2138/am-2024-ap10958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2024-ap10958","url":null,"abstract":"Thank you, Gordon, for your generous words, by which you underline the scientific vision, mutual encouragement, and friendship that we have shared over several decades, both in our professional and personal lives. Thank you for your continuous support. I particularly appreciate the fact that it is you who is introducing me to this most prestigious distinction.It is a great honor, totally unexpected, to have been nominated and even more surprising to have been chosen for the prestigious Roebling medal and I am deeply honored. I warmly thank the MSA Council, the members of the Roebling Committee, and all those who nominated me for their confidence. Thank you also to those who have come to this luncheon or attended the Sunday symposium on “Molecular-scale approaches in Mineralogy: bridging the gap from microscopic to macroscopic.” The great talks presented during this meeting demonstrated the topicality of molecular-scale approaches. But also, this honor makes me very humbled, particularly when I look at the list of previous recipients extending back to 1937, including so many legendary people. As a special mention, as I am the second French to be awarded this honor, I should mention Raymond Castaing, the father of the electron microprobe, who was the first French scientist to receive the Roebling Medal in 1977.I have been attracted to minerals since middle school. After being admitted at Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) de Saint-Cloud-Lyon and following Geology classes at the Sorbonne, I began a series of internships in the historical Mineralogy-Crystallography Department of the Sorbonne, founded at the time of Napoleon 1st in 1809 and probably one of the oldest laboratories of France. It is now the Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie (IMPMC) of Sorbonne Université. At this time, I was fascinated by mineral colors, unfortunately, considered a marginal topic in a laboratory mostly working on crystal structures. I had a bright professor, Hubert Curien (1924–2005), who explained clearly and simply the most recent concepts in crystallography, including crystal physics and point defects. Curien, a life fellow of MSA, occupied the most important positions in the French scientific system, including as Minister of Research and Technology in several French Governments (Calas 2007). After a first work on the superb colors of natural fluorites, I succeeded in a competition to become a high school teacher while obtaining at the same time a research fellow position at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). I took the second possibility with pleasure and started to investigate the structural properties of glasses using the spectroscopic properties of the transition elements they contain. In 1980, I was appointed full professor at University of Paris 7 (now University Paris-Cité). At the same time, a major change in my activities occurred with the access to synchrotron radiation sources. Indeed, the first operational syn","PeriodicalId":7768,"journal":{"name":"American Mineralogist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140827468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is my great honor to present my good friend and colleague, Razvan Caracas, the recipient of the 2023 Dana Medal. The Dana Medal recognizes sustained, outstanding scientific contributions through original research in the mineralogical sciences by an individual in the midst of their career.Razvan is a computational mineral physicist who works on an impressive range of problems ranging from the composition of the Earth’s core to the dynamics of Moon formation. His work demonstrates a unique talent, creativity, and collaborative spirit to extend the results derived from the atomic-scale calculations to planet-scale processes. Razvan Caracas is an expert in ab-initio calculations, that is, calculations that are used to solve the Schrödinger Equation of a suite of electrons and their atomic cores. Unfortunately, solving the Schrödinger Equation exactly, accounting for every electron and every nucleon, is a computationally impossible problem. The science and art of these calculations is to approximate the problem without sacrificing the fundamental physics. This is at the heart of Razvan’s work and where his talents shine: With each scientific contribution is a careful set of calculations grounded in their fundamental physics through these “first-principles” calculations.For example, very shortly after the first description of the post-perovskite phase, a mineral structure proposed to be responsible for seismic transitions observed at the base of the Earth’s mantle, Razvan probed the effects of more realistic chemistry on the transition. In this work, he mapped out how introducing iron and aluminum to the system affected the depth to the transition and the phase’s elastic wave speeds. Both results have withstood the test of time by seismic observations and multiple subsequent experiments on this system.More recently, with the greatly expanded computational capacity of compute clusters, Razvan has focused on the physical and chemical properties of melts that form in low-density conditions after a giant impact event such as that which formed the Moon. Recognizing that his calculations were demonstrating fracturing of the melt, Razvan was able to use elegant thermodynamics to interpret the results, mapping out the liquid-gas equilibrium point as a function of composition, as well as identify components of the system that formed in the gaseous state, which indicate components of our proto-atmosphere.Winding its way through his scientific contributions, we see a theme in Razvan’s work where he consistently shares his efforts with both the scientific community and the general public. Beginning as a Ph.D. student and extending across much of his career to date, Razvan has contributed to the development of ABINIT, a software suite to calculate observable properties of materials from first principles. More recently, he is the developer of codes and databases for the interpretation of those ab-initio results. He has also been convenor of workshops and summer s
{"title":"Presentation of the Dana Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America for 2023 to Razvan Caracas","authors":"Wendy R. Panero","doi":"10.2138/am-2024-ap10954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2024-ap10954","url":null,"abstract":"It is my great honor to present my good friend and colleague, Razvan Caracas, the recipient of the 2023 Dana Medal. The Dana Medal recognizes sustained, outstanding scientific contributions through original research in the mineralogical sciences by an individual in the midst of their career.Razvan is a computational mineral physicist who works on an impressive range of problems ranging from the composition of the Earth’s core to the dynamics of Moon formation. His work demonstrates a unique talent, creativity, and collaborative spirit to extend the results derived from the atomic-scale calculations to planet-scale processes. Razvan Caracas is an expert in ab-initio calculations, that is, calculations that are used to solve the Schrödinger Equation of a suite of electrons and their atomic cores. Unfortunately, solving the Schrödinger Equation exactly, accounting for every electron and every nucleon, is a computationally impossible problem. The science and art of these calculations is to approximate the problem without sacrificing the fundamental physics. This is at the heart of Razvan’s work and where his talents shine: With each scientific contribution is a careful set of calculations grounded in their fundamental physics through these “first-principles” calculations.For example, very shortly after the first description of the post-perovskite phase, a mineral structure proposed to be responsible for seismic transitions observed at the base of the Earth’s mantle, Razvan probed the effects of more realistic chemistry on the transition. In this work, he mapped out how introducing iron and aluminum to the system affected the depth to the transition and the phase’s elastic wave speeds. Both results have withstood the test of time by seismic observations and multiple subsequent experiments on this system.More recently, with the greatly expanded computational capacity of compute clusters, Razvan has focused on the physical and chemical properties of melts that form in low-density conditions after a giant impact event such as that which formed the Moon. Recognizing that his calculations were demonstrating fracturing of the melt, Razvan was able to use elegant thermodynamics to interpret the results, mapping out the liquid-gas equilibrium point as a function of composition, as well as identify components of the system that formed in the gaseous state, which indicate components of our proto-atmosphere.Winding its way through his scientific contributions, we see a theme in Razvan’s work where he consistently shares his efforts with both the scientific community and the general public. Beginning as a Ph.D. student and extending across much of his career to date, Razvan has contributed to the development of ABINIT, a software suite to calculate observable properties of materials from first principles. More recently, he is the developer of codes and databases for the interpretation of those ab-initio results. He has also been convenor of workshops and summer s","PeriodicalId":7768,"journal":{"name":"American Mineralogist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140827552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
President, ladies and gentlemen, esteemed colleagues,I am privileged and honored to introduce the recipient of the 2024 MSA Distinguished Public Service Medal, Sharon Tahirkheli. This Medal is awarded by the MSA Council to individuals or organizations who have made important contributions to furthering the vitality of the geological sciences, especially but not necessarily in the fields of mineralogy, geochemistry, petrology, and crystal-lography. It takes no imagination to envision Sharon’s positive impact across these disciplines, and beyond.I’ve had the pleasure of knowing Sharon and working alongside her in various capacities throughout much of my career. Her journey in the realm of service to the geosciences spans more than four decades at the American Geosciences Institute (AGI), where she began as an editor/indexer and entered data into an information system that has been a companion of nearly every geoscience researcher.Sharon’s contributions have left an indelible mark on the geoscience knowledgebase, and her innovative leadership has had far-reaching impacts on the very foundation of geoscience information. It is no wonder that she was honored with the Mary B. Ansari Distinguished Service Award from the Geoscience Information Society, in recognition of her significant contributions to the geoscience information profession. Sharon also served as president of the Geoscience Information Society, further exemplifying her dedication and leadership in the field. No doubt the Society realized the benefits of her forward-thinking vision and wise counsel.Until March of this year, Sharon Tahirkheli held the role of Director of Scholarly Information at AGI, a role that is instrumental in overseeing the development of GeoRef, a monumental international bibliographic geoscience database with 4.3 million references from 140 countries and 60 languages. This database is the cornerstone of geoscience information, encompassing a wide array of resources, including conference papers, journal articles, books, maps, and much more. Sharon’s consistent leadership has not only ensured the growth and sustainability of GeoRef but has also fostered crucial relationships with major publishers and database providers, thereby advancing the accessibility of geoscience information in an ever-evolving digital landscape.Sharon’s dedication goes far beyond GeoRef. She has been at the helm of developing numerous niche databases that cater to the diverse needs of the geoscience community. These include the Geologic Guidebooks of North America, Geological Surveys Database, Scientific Ocean Drilling Bibliographic Database, and the Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium Research Database. In a testament to her forward-thinking approach, Sharon has even integrated searchable terms for the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals within the GeoRef database, underscoring her unwavering commitment to the excellence and discoverability of geoscience information.As Director
{"title":"Presentation of the Distinguished Public Service Award of the Mineralogical Society of America for 2024 to Sharon Tahirkheli","authors":"Jonathan Arthur","doi":"10.2138/am-2024-ap10952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2024-ap10952","url":null,"abstract":"President, ladies and gentlemen, esteemed colleagues,I am privileged and honored to introduce the recipient of the 2024 MSA Distinguished Public Service Medal, Sharon Tahirkheli. This Medal is awarded by the MSA Council to individuals or organizations who have made important contributions to furthering the vitality of the geological sciences, especially but not necessarily in the fields of mineralogy, geochemistry, petrology, and crystal-lography. It takes no imagination to envision Sharon’s positive impact across these disciplines, and beyond.I’ve had the pleasure of knowing Sharon and working alongside her in various capacities throughout much of my career. Her journey in the realm of service to the geosciences spans more than four decades at the American Geosciences Institute (AGI), where she began as an editor/indexer and entered data into an information system that has been a companion of nearly every geoscience researcher.Sharon’s contributions have left an indelible mark on the geoscience knowledgebase, and her innovative leadership has had far-reaching impacts on the very foundation of geoscience information. It is no wonder that she was honored with the Mary B. Ansari Distinguished Service Award from the Geoscience Information Society, in recognition of her significant contributions to the geoscience information profession. Sharon also served as president of the Geoscience Information Society, further exemplifying her dedication and leadership in the field. No doubt the Society realized the benefits of her forward-thinking vision and wise counsel.Until March of this year, Sharon Tahirkheli held the role of Director of Scholarly Information at AGI, a role that is instrumental in overseeing the development of GeoRef, a monumental international bibliographic geoscience database with 4.3 million references from 140 countries and 60 languages. This database is the cornerstone of geoscience information, encompassing a wide array of resources, including conference papers, journal articles, books, maps, and much more. Sharon’s consistent leadership has not only ensured the growth and sustainability of GeoRef but has also fostered crucial relationships with major publishers and database providers, thereby advancing the accessibility of geoscience information in an ever-evolving digital landscape.Sharon’s dedication goes far beyond GeoRef. She has been at the helm of developing numerous niche databases that cater to the diverse needs of the geoscience community. These include the Geologic Guidebooks of North America, Geological Surveys Database, Scientific Ocean Drilling Bibliographic Database, and the Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium Research Database. In a testament to her forward-thinking approach, Sharon has even integrated searchable terms for the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals within the GeoRef database, underscoring her unwavering commitment to the excellence and discoverability of geoscience information.As Director","PeriodicalId":7768,"journal":{"name":"American Mineralogist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140827550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mr. President, Colleagues and Friends,I am deeply honored to receive MSA’s Distinguished Public Service Medal. I was completely surprised when I received the email, and my first thought was that there must be some mistake. Being included among such an amazing group of people, including Rod Ewing, Dave Mogk, and Alex Speer, is incredible. I want to express my sincerest thanks to MSA and also to Jon Arthur, my citationist.The reason that I was so convinced that there must be a mistake is because I am not a mineralogist. The focus of my career has been geoscience information in general. It is true that I have worked on some projects that had a focus on mineralogy — for example, with the assistance of Alex Speer, ensuring that all the valid mineral names were included in the most recent edition of the Glossary of Geology, assisting with a project to track down all of the early volumes of American Mineralogist and adding references to all of the articles to GeoRef and, in the early days of my career, briefly editing the weekly seldom-read Minerals Exploration Alert—but these did not seem to qualify as sufficient service to mineralogy. It turns out that for the purpose of this award, MSA wisely chose to define mineralogy very broadly and to include service to national and international geoscience societies. So my long career at the American Geosciences Institute, AGI, seems to fit.A few years ago at a staff retreat, a facilitator asked us to choose the breakfast cereal that best described our thoughts regarding our roles at AGI. This type of exercise usually leaves me floundering for a sensible answer, but this time it was easy – LUCKY CHARMS. I have been extremely lucky and have lived a charmed life that has allowed me to combine my passion for information with the geological sciences.My interest in improving information dissemination started when I was an undergraduate, and I began working on my first research paper. Mystified by the tools provided in the library, I sought help from the reference librarian only to be told that she did not have sufficient expertise in my subject area to provide guidance. The idea that the user needed tools directly accessible to them that they could manipulate themselves started from that moment and has guided much of my career.As luck would have it, I wound up in the perfect place to pursue this passion. AGI was founded to engage in activities that benefit the geological discipline as a whole. The idea of digital information discovery was just beginning to be explored when I joined AGI, and I was lucky to be a part of the initial development of GeoRef.In addition to GeoRef, I was lucky enough to participate in two other projects that stand out as examples of impactful community-based information projects: the revision of the Glossary of Geology and the establishment of the publishing aggregate, GeoScienceWorld. The first project, the revision of the Glossary of Geology is a major undertaking. The 30,000 plus terms th
{"title":"Acceptance of the Distinguished Public Service Award of the Mineralogical Society of America for 2024","authors":"Sharon Tahirkheli","doi":"10.2138/am-2024-ap10953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2024-ap10953","url":null,"abstract":"Mr. President, Colleagues and Friends,I am deeply honored to receive MSA’s Distinguished Public Service Medal. I was completely surprised when I received the email, and my first thought was that there must be some mistake. Being included among such an amazing group of people, including Rod Ewing, Dave Mogk, and Alex Speer, is incredible. I want to express my sincerest thanks to MSA and also to Jon Arthur, my citationist.The reason that I was so convinced that there must be a mistake is because I am not a mineralogist. The focus of my career has been geoscience information in general. It is true that I have worked on some projects that had a focus on mineralogy — for example, with the assistance of Alex Speer, ensuring that all the valid mineral names were included in the most recent edition of the Glossary of Geology, assisting with a project to track down all of the early volumes of American Mineralogist and adding references to all of the articles to GeoRef and, in the early days of my career, briefly editing the weekly seldom-read Minerals Exploration Alert—but these did not seem to qualify as sufficient service to mineralogy. It turns out that for the purpose of this award, MSA wisely chose to define mineralogy very broadly and to include service to national and international geoscience societies. So my long career at the American Geosciences Institute, AGI, seems to fit.A few years ago at a staff retreat, a facilitator asked us to choose the breakfast cereal that best described our thoughts regarding our roles at AGI. This type of exercise usually leaves me floundering for a sensible answer, but this time it was easy – LUCKY CHARMS. I have been extremely lucky and have lived a charmed life that has allowed me to combine my passion for information with the geological sciences.My interest in improving information dissemination started when I was an undergraduate, and I began working on my first research paper. Mystified by the tools provided in the library, I sought help from the reference librarian only to be told that she did not have sufficient expertise in my subject area to provide guidance. The idea that the user needed tools directly accessible to them that they could manipulate themselves started from that moment and has guided much of my career.As luck would have it, I wound up in the perfect place to pursue this passion. AGI was founded to engage in activities that benefit the geological discipline as a whole. The idea of digital information discovery was just beginning to be explored when I joined AGI, and I was lucky to be a part of the initial development of GeoRef.In addition to GeoRef, I was lucky enough to participate in two other projects that stand out as examples of impactful community-based information projects: the revision of the Glossary of Geology and the establishment of the publishing aggregate, GeoScienceWorld. The first project, the revision of the Glossary of Geology is a major undertaking. The 30,000 plus terms th","PeriodicalId":7768,"journal":{"name":"American Mineralogist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140827549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I am deeply honored and humbled to receive the Dana medal. I would like to start by thanking my nominee and writers of support letters, the MSA council, and the committee for selecting me for this prestigious award. My path to here, today, was a long and tortuous one. Few of my colleagues and friends know that I started a very different career at the very beginning. I somehow began undergraduate classes in electrical engineering in my hometown, Brasov, in Transylvania, in the middle of the Carpathians. I was doing math, physics, and computers. But after less than two years, I decided this was not for me, so I quit, ran away, and followed my real passion, paleontology. I moved to Bucharest and started as an undergraduate in the Faculty of Geology and Geophysics at the University of Bucharest. Very soon, the need for equations and mathematical logic knocked again at the door. Here I was extremely fortunate to have in the first semester a class on crystallography, taught by Gyury Ilinca. I would like to warmly thank him, for he is the one who introduced me to the wonders of symmetry, where I could finally apply all the math I knew, the group theory, the matrices, to do something useful and beautiful. In the four years I spent at the University of Bucharest, I became a real mineralogist. I started to do research already in the second year of my undergrad studies. To compensate for the lack of analytical tools, I did a lot of theoretical and computational work. I wrote several small software packages, wrote my first scientific papers, and read as much as I could. I was an avid reader of American Mineralogist, and Dana was the epitome of mineralogy for me.But the economic situation in Romania at the time was dire. So I accepted a Ph.D. fellowship on an industrial contract and left for Belgium. I became a teaching assistant at Université Catholique de Louvain; doing research work on a Nb ore deposit located on the Sokli carbonatite in Northern Finland. But the geology department at the university closed one year after I arrived there. All the assistants were given the option to stay and witness the slow agony of the closure or find a place somewhere else in the university.I decided to quit the Nb, and with the blessing of my Ph.D. advisor, Philippe Sonnet, whom I would like to thank for his openness and understanding, I inquired with Xavier Gonze in materials science. I wanted to work on phase transitions and the origin of incommensurately modulated structures. I cannot thank Xavier enough for accepting me in his group with my own research topics. In the next five years, the ab initio simulations became my world, and the abinit group became my home.After the thesis, it was time to go back to mineralogy and geology. As I didn’t really know where to start, I had the chance of a series of emails and discussions with Craig Bina and Jay Bass, who, maybe without knowing, led my path to high pressure and the deep earth. I crossed the ocean as a postdoc and spe
{"title":"Acceptance of the Dana Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America for 2023","authors":"Razvan Caracas","doi":"10.2138/am-2024-ap10951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2024-ap10951","url":null,"abstract":"I am deeply honored and humbled to receive the Dana medal. I would like to start by thanking my nominee and writers of support letters, the MSA council, and the committee for selecting me for this prestigious award. My path to here, today, was a long and tortuous one. Few of my colleagues and friends know that I started a very different career at the very beginning. I somehow began undergraduate classes in electrical engineering in my hometown, Brasov, in Transylvania, in the middle of the Carpathians. I was doing math, physics, and computers. But after less than two years, I decided this was not for me, so I quit, ran away, and followed my real passion, paleontology. I moved to Bucharest and started as an undergraduate in the Faculty of Geology and Geophysics at the University of Bucharest. Very soon, the need for equations and mathematical logic knocked again at the door. Here I was extremely fortunate to have in the first semester a class on crystallography, taught by Gyury Ilinca. I would like to warmly thank him, for he is the one who introduced me to the wonders of symmetry, where I could finally apply all the math I knew, the group theory, the matrices, to do something useful and beautiful. In the four years I spent at the University of Bucharest, I became a real mineralogist. I started to do research already in the second year of my undergrad studies. To compensate for the lack of analytical tools, I did a lot of theoretical and computational work. I wrote several small software packages, wrote my first scientific papers, and read as much as I could. I was an avid reader of American Mineralogist, and Dana was the epitome of mineralogy for me.But the economic situation in Romania at the time was dire. So I accepted a Ph.D. fellowship on an industrial contract and left for Belgium. I became a teaching assistant at Université Catholique de Louvain; doing research work on a Nb ore deposit located on the Sokli carbonatite in Northern Finland. But the geology department at the university closed one year after I arrived there. All the assistants were given the option to stay and witness the slow agony of the closure or find a place somewhere else in the university.I decided to quit the Nb, and with the blessing of my Ph.D. advisor, Philippe Sonnet, whom I would like to thank for his openness and understanding, I inquired with Xavier Gonze in materials science. I wanted to work on phase transitions and the origin of incommensurately modulated structures. I cannot thank Xavier enough for accepting me in his group with my own research topics. In the next five years, the ab initio simulations became my world, and the abinit group became my home.After the thesis, it was time to go back to mineralogy and geology. As I didn’t really know where to start, I had the chance of a series of emails and discussions with Craig Bina and Jay Bass, who, maybe without knowing, led my path to high pressure and the deep earth. I crossed the ocean as a postdoc and spe","PeriodicalId":7768,"journal":{"name":"American Mineralogist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140827551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
President Jeff Post, Vice President Donna Whitney, Councilors, Past Roebling Medalists, Members and Fellows of the Mineralogical Society of America, and Guests:I’m delighted to introduce my good friend Georges Calas, recipient of the 2023 Roebling Medal. This medal is “the highest award of the Mineralogical Society of America for scientific eminence as represented primarily by scientific publication of outstanding original research in mineralogy.” Georges’s 40+ year career in mineralogy and inorganic geochemistry has resulted in over 320 publications in peer-reviewed journals and monographs that cover topics ranging from structure/property relationships of silicate glasses and melts and environmental geochemistry/mineralogy to radiation damage in minerals and glasses and nuclear waste management. Most recently, Georges has focused on mineral resources and their sustainable development. Georges played a lead role in four different thematic issues of Elements Magazine—three in 2006 and one in 2017—devoted to these subject areas. This body of work serves as an extraordinary example of the use of a multidisciplinary approach to address the complexity of Earth materials and the chemical reactions they undergo in Earth-surface environments.Georges Calas is one of the very best mineralogists in the world as well as a pioneer in the application of various types of molecular-level spectroscopy to mineralogical and low-temperature geochemical problems. He has become a leader of and an ambassador for the mineral sciences worldwide. For example, in 2016, he was awarded a Doctor Honoris Causa Degree from the National University of Kazakhstan, Almaty, for his tireless efforts to help educate scientists in developing countries about the societal impacts of the mineral sciences.It has been my great pleasure to watch Georges broaden his research horizons over the years into interdisciplinary areas, such as materials science and molecular environmental science. Throughout his scientific career, Georges has carried out research at the interface between mineralogy and geochemistry that has had an enormous impact in both fields, as indicated by his numerous international honors, including most recently the 2022 International Mineralogical Association Medal of Excellence in Mineralogical Sciences.I have known Georges since 1982, when we met at the Fall Meeting of the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco, California. He presented an outstanding talk on the use of synchrotron radiation-based X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy to determine the local coordination environments of iron in silicate glasses. This presentation signaled the miner-alogical and geochemical worlds that Georges Calas was a rising young star doing pioneering work only two years past his Ph.D. degree in 1980 with Claude Allegre at the University of Paris 6. Over the past 40 years, Georges and I have collaborated on a number of research projects and have published several dozen
{"title":"Presentation of the 2023 Roebling Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America to Georges Calas","authors":"Gordon E. Brown","doi":"10.2138/am-2024-ap10957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2024-ap10957","url":null,"abstract":"President Jeff Post, Vice President Donna Whitney, Councilors, Past Roebling Medalists, Members and Fellows of the Mineralogical Society of America, and Guests:I’m delighted to introduce my good friend Georges Calas, recipient of the 2023 Roebling Medal. This medal is “the highest award of the Mineralogical Society of America for scientific eminence as represented primarily by scientific publication of outstanding original research in mineralogy.” Georges’s 40+ year career in mineralogy and inorganic geochemistry has resulted in over 320 publications in peer-reviewed journals and monographs that cover topics ranging from structure/property relationships of silicate glasses and melts and environmental geochemistry/mineralogy to radiation damage in minerals and glasses and nuclear waste management. Most recently, Georges has focused on mineral resources and their sustainable development. Georges played a lead role in four different thematic issues of Elements Magazine—three in 2006 and one in 2017—devoted to these subject areas. This body of work serves as an extraordinary example of the use of a multidisciplinary approach to address the complexity of Earth materials and the chemical reactions they undergo in Earth-surface environments.Georges Calas is one of the very best mineralogists in the world as well as a pioneer in the application of various types of molecular-level spectroscopy to mineralogical and low-temperature geochemical problems. He has become a leader of and an ambassador for the mineral sciences worldwide. For example, in 2016, he was awarded a Doctor Honoris Causa Degree from the National University of Kazakhstan, Almaty, for his tireless efforts to help educate scientists in developing countries about the societal impacts of the mineral sciences.It has been my great pleasure to watch Georges broaden his research horizons over the years into interdisciplinary areas, such as materials science and molecular environmental science. Throughout his scientific career, Georges has carried out research at the interface between mineralogy and geochemistry that has had an enormous impact in both fields, as indicated by his numerous international honors, including most recently the 2022 International Mineralogical Association Medal of Excellence in Mineralogical Sciences.I have known Georges since 1982, when we met at the Fall Meeting of the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco, California. He presented an outstanding talk on the use of synchrotron radiation-based X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy to determine the local coordination environments of iron in silicate glasses. This presentation signaled the miner-alogical and geochemical worlds that Georges Calas was a rising young star doing pioneering work only two years past his Ph.D. degree in 1980 with Claude Allegre at the University of Paris 6. Over the past 40 years, Georges and I have collaborated on a number of research projects and have published several dozen","PeriodicalId":7768,"journal":{"name":"American Mineralogist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140827543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaunna M. Morrison is an amazing early-career scientist who has pioneered the application of powerful data analytical and visualization methods to understanding complex mineral systems through deep time. Through her scores of international seminars, frequent organization of meetings and workshops, mentorship of diverse early-career scientists, and bibliography of more than 90 peer-reviewed publications, including several ground-breaking contributions to mineralogy, Shaunna has garnered an exceptional international reputation. She is a born leader with the potential to become a scientific influencer of the first rank.Many of us have admired Dr. Morrison’s work for more than a decade, first when she was a graduate student with Robert Downs’s research group at the University of Arizona, and then at Carnegie’s Earth and Planets Laboratory, where she worked as a Postdoctoral Fellow and Project Manager for the ambitious Keck-sponsored Deep-Time Data-Driven Discovery (4D) Project before being named a Carnegie Research Scientist.Dr. Morrison’s first two breakthroughs relate to Mars mineral-ogy. She is a key member of the CheMin team—the first X-ray diffractometer to fly to another world (on the Mars Curiosity rover) and the first instrument to provide a vivid picture of mineralogy on another planet. That instrument was meant to take low-resolution powder diffraction patterns to identify major Mars minerals and their relative proportions. However, lacking internal X-ray standards, more quantitative results were thought to be impossible. What Shaunna realized—what others had missed—is that Mars minerals, themselves, can serve as internal X-ray standards. As a first step, she gathered mineral compositional data and applied statistical methods to develop regression curves for mineral unit-cell parameters. These calibration curves will be used for decades to come.In a second remarkable paper, Dr. Morrison solved the complex geometrical problem of using Mars minerals as their own internal standards to correct for errors in instrumental geometry, while calculating corrected cell parameters of Mars minerals. Many of us thought the exercise was impossible. She persevered, solved the geometric puzzle, and published the most definitive description of mineralogy on any planet beyond Earth. With Morrison’s creative correction methods, the instrumental resolution of CheMin is more than an order of magnitude better than the original NASA flight specifications.At the Carnegie Institution, Shaunna devoted herself to data-driven discovery in mineralogy. Leading a team of collaborators, her first effort focused on applications of network analysis to mineral systems. Shaunna realized that networks of mineral associations allow the analysis and visualization of mineral systems in dynamic, interactive renderings—a fresh approach to a centuries-old science. Developments in mineral informatics have since caused an explosion of discoveries, including applications to geochemistr
肖娜-莫里森（Shaunna M. Morrison）是一位了不起的早期职业科学家，她率先应用强大的数据分析和可视化方法，通过深层时间了解复杂的矿物系统。通过她举办的数十场国际研讨会、频繁组织的会议和研讨会、对不同的早期职业科学家的指导，以及90多篇同行评议出版物（包括对矿物学的若干突破性贡献），Shaunna赢得了卓越的国际声誉。她是一位天生的领导者，有潜力成为第一流的科学影响者。在被任命为卡内基研究科学家之前，她曾在卡内基地球与行星实验室（Carnegie's Earth and Planets Laboratory）担任博士后研究员和雄心勃勃的凯克赞助的深度时间数据驱动发现（4D）项目的项目经理。莫里森博士的前两项突破与火星矿物学有关。她是CheMin团队的重要成员，CheMin是第一台飞往另一个世界的X射线衍射仪（搭载在好奇号火星探测器上），也是第一台生动描绘另一个星球矿物学的仪器。这台仪器的目的是获取低分辨率的粉末衍射图样，以确定主要的火星矿物及其相对比例。然而，由于缺乏内部 X 射线标准，人们认为不可能获得更多的定量结果。Shaunna 意识到，火星矿物本身就可以作为内部 X 射线标准。作为第一步，她收集了矿物成分数据，并运用统计方法为矿物单元参数绘制了回归曲线。在第二篇杰出的论文中，莫里森博士解决了一个复杂的几何问题，即利用火星矿物作为自己的内部标准来校正仪器几何中的误差，同时计算火星矿物的校正晶胞参数。我们中的许多人都认为这是不可能完成的任务。她坚持不懈，解决了几何难题，发表了对地球以外任何行星矿物学最权威的描述。通过莫里森创造性的修正方法，CheMin 的仪器分辨率比美国国家航空航天局最初的飞行规格高出一个数量级以上。在卡内基研究所，肖娜致力于数据驱动的矿物学发现。在卡内基研究所，Shaunna 致力于矿物学的数据驱动发现。她带领一个合作团队，首先致力于将网络分析应用于矿物系统。Shaunna意识到，通过矿物关联网络可以对矿物系统进行动态、交互式的分析和可视化呈现，这是一门具有百年历史的科学的全新方法。此后，矿物信息学的发展带来了爆炸性的发现，包括在地球化学、元基因组学和古生物学中的应用。特别值得一提的是 Shaunna 对 "关联分析 "的应用--她与同事 Anirudh Prabhu 合作发现了新矿物和重要资源的矿藏。Shaunna Morrison 收到了许多高规格的邀请，包括在她担任 MSA 讲师期间，以及在十几个国际会议上发表主题演讲和全体演讲的机会。她还经常组织数据科学研讨会、会议和 "数据马拉松"，例如担任国际矿业协会矿产信息学工作组的联合主席。莫里森博士还在许多学校、矿物俱乐部和退休社区发表有关矿物学的演讲。最近，Shaunna 和从事教育工作的同事在全国 4H 俱乐部竞赛中获胜，赢得了开发火星勘探和矿物学推广项目的机会。首先，她希望寻找与自己专业知识不同的科学家。举个例子：她利用网络分析将蛋白质组学、微生物生态学、地球化学和矿物学这些看似不同的领域联系到一个框架中。作为美国国家航空航天局天体生物学研究所（NASA's Astrobiology Institute）的成员，她正在寻找化学环境和蛋白质表达之间以前隐藏的关系。这项工作具有非凡的创造性和跨学科性，需要深思熟虑、充满活力地领导一支由不同专家组成的团队。第二个密切相关的特质是莫里森博士具有激发和组织来自不同领域的其他人的非凡能力。也许这种与众不同的领导方法源于她多年来在佐治亚州共同经营一家成功的披萨店。或许，这反映了她向专业科学机构以外的众多群体伸出援手的热情。对于一位距离博士毕业还有六年的年轻科学家来说，这也许是矿物学领域独一无二的。 在她发表的各种论文中，有 180 多位合作者。在她规划自己的科学未来时，她与他人合作并激励他人的能力将在她不断扩大的影响力中发挥至关重要的作用，她也很有可能跻身科学界的最高层。基于以上原因，Shaunna M. Morrison 荣获 2023 年度美国矿物学会奖实至名归。
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In reflecting on what I wanted to say to you all today, I struggled to find the words that could truly capture the profound excitement, gratitude, and honor I feel in being recognized by MSA. The individuals who make MSA what it is, both today and throughout its long history, deeply inspire me and have influenced the trajectory of my research. Your recognition is the highlight of my career.I would like to take this opportunity to thank some of the individuals whose mentorship and advocacy have majorly impacted my life and career along the way. I am incredibly grateful to my professors at Georgia Southwestern, especially Tom Weiland, Sam Peavy, and Burt Carter—their generosity and dedication spurred my love of geology, and ultimately led me to pursue graduate studies at the University of Arizona with Bob Downs.Bob Downs changed my life. He taught me that science should be exciting and, if it isn’t, you’re wasting your time. He taught me that it’s not how smart you are, but how hard you work. He taught me that the status quo should be disrupted, that I should follow my instincts, even when they conflict with conventional ideas. It’s hard to know where to begin thanking Bob—he gave so much time and energy to impart his knowledge and passion for crystallography, mineralogy, and math; he spent countless hours teaching me how to be a scientist; he advocated for me, helped me build an incredible network, and gave me opportunities that few students get, and, lastly, he inspired me, in so many ways.Thanks to Bob, I joined the MSL CheMin team as a graduate student in 2012 and it’s the coolest job I’ll ever have. I want to thank Dave Blake, Liz Rampe, Dave Vaniman, Dick Morris, Doug Ming, Allan Treiman, Tom Bristow, Cherie Achilles, and the rest of the CheMin team for teaching me how to be a team member, how to do integrated, collegial, and creative science, and how to operate this amazing XRD on another planet, and for letting me break it! I was the first one to put CheMin, and therefore the rest of the rover, into safe mode. I felt terrible and so embarrassed, but I will never forget how gracious the team was and what Dave Blake, the creator and PI of CheMin said of me safing this instrument he’d spent 20 years building and had flown to Mars—he said, “You can only make mistakes if you’re doing something”. He taught me that it’s okay to mess up, learn from it, and try again—and that is what it looks like to do something new and meaningful.I also met Bob Hazen while in grad school and it’s impossible to thank him for all of the ways in which he’s impacted my life and career. His unique view of mineralogy and its role in understanding the formation and evolution of Earth and its coevolution with life expanded my outlook. I realized there were so many huge, complex, interdisciplinary questions that could be explored through a mineralogical lens. Bob is an inspiration, to me and to so many others—he exemplifies what it means to be a remarkable, ground-breaking
我感谢吉姆-赖特（Jim Wright）、内森-易（Nathan Yee）、保罗-法尔考斯基（Paul Falkowski）以及罗格斯大学 EPS 的其他教师，感谢他们相信我的远见并为我投资；感谢我在不同领域的众多合作者，包括迈克-黄（Mike Wong）、多纳托-乔凡内利（Donato Giovannelli）和亚历克斯-奥斯特罗弗霍娃（Alex Ostroverkhova），他们教会了我很多东西，并推动我的科学问题不断向前发展；Kerstin Lehnert、Marshall Ma、Jolyon Ralph 和他们的团队，感谢他们为保存科学信息并使所有人都能获得这些信息所做的不朽努力，没有他们的努力，矿物学和地球化学领域的数据驱动型研究就无法进行；最后，我感谢卡内基，特别是 Mike Walter 和 Eric Isaacs，感谢他们在过去五年中相信我的想法，并在我探索这一新的、未经考验的科学方向时给予我支持。
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{"title":"Plastic deformation and trace element mobility in sphalerite","authors":"","doi":"10.2138/am-2023-9215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2023-9215","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7768,"journal":{"name":"American Mineralogist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140357027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.2138/am-2024-nmn10949
Travis A. Olds, Christopher Emproto
This issue of New Mineral Names provides a summary of the newly described minerals from 2023 and selected information for recent descriptions from October to December of 2023. New mineral name trends and observations are presented using an objective, data-driven, and curated examination of new mineral species and their broader implications.A total of 112 new mineral species were approved in 2023; see Bosi et al. 2023a–f, 2024, and references therein. This is a significant increase from 2022, which saw 77 new mineral species approved. Of the new species approved in 2023, 85 introduced new root names. Papikeite, tetrahedrite-(Cd), tennantite-(In), mangani-eckermannite, magnesio-dutrowite, and xenotime-(Gd), among others, belong to existing nomenclature systems. At the time of writing, at least 13 of the new minerals were previously known as synthetic compounds, including downsite, ebnerite, and hokkaidoite. There were at least 17 new structure types reported. This figure is not exact, as the structural details for these most recent new minerals are unpublished and the novelty of the structure was not specified for 13 minerals. Minerals with structures noted as being related to known structures were not counted as having novel structure types. There were four new dimorphs defined for existing minerals, including tartarosite, a new C allotrope discovered at the Ries Impact Crater, Germany. Two new minerals approved in 2023 from the Rowley mine, Arizona, U.S.A., ebnerite and epiebnerite, were reported as dimorphs of (NH4)Zn(PO4); this combination of essential elements had not previously been observed in a natural mineral (www.mindat.org, accessed February 2024). Only one mineral with an extraterrestrial type/cotype specimen was approved in 2023: jianmuite (ZrTi53+Al3O16) was described from a terrestrial locality (the Cr-11 orebody in the Luobusha ophiolite complex, China) with a designated cotype found in a fragment of the Allende meteorite (Bosi et al. 2023e).Type and co-type localities for the 2023 cohort of new minerals are shown in Figure 1. New mineral discoveries predominantly occurred in central Europe, with a total of 27 originating from Germany (10), Czech Republic (8), Poland (4), Slovakia (2), Switzerland (2), and Hungary (1). Among these contributions are several new minerals from classic localities with numerous type locality species, including pegmatites in the Neustadt an der Waldnaab District in Germany (e.g., Hagendorf South) as well as the Lengenbach quarry in the Binn Valley, Switzerland. Other prolific areas also added new type locality minerals in 2023, such as the Dara-i-Pioz Massif in Tajikistan, the Poudrette quarry in Canada (included in the Monteregian Hills in Fig. 1), and the Tolbachik Volcanic Field in Russia. The three new minerals for the Dara-i-Pioz Massif, two new minerals from Poudrette quarry, and five new minerals for the Tolbachik Volcano bring their respective type locality species counts to 43, 73, and 147, respe
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