American Mineralogist最新文献

{"title":"In-situ zircon and cassiterite LA-ICP-MS geochronology and implications for granite hosted Sn deposit models and exploration: insights from the Cameroon Line","authors":"","doi":"10.2138/am-2023-9174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2023-9174","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7768,"journal":{"name":"American Mineralogist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140357212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Raman Spectroscopy of the Ilmentite — Geikielite Solid Solution","authors":"L. Breitenfeld, M. Dyar, Leif Tokle, Kevin Robertson","doi":"10.2138/am-2023-9262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2023-9262","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Ilmenite (Fe2+TiO3) and geikielite (MgTiO3) are important terrestrial minerals relevant to the geology of the Earth, the Moon, Mars, and meteorite samples. Raman spectroscopy is a powerful technique that allows for mineral cation determination for the ilmenite — geikielite solid solution. We report on a sample suite of nine samples within the ilmenite — geikielite solid solution and provide context for their quantitative interpretation. We compare a univariate Raman peak position model for predicting ilmenite composition with a multivariate machine learning model. The univariate model is currently recommended, though the multivariate model may become superior if the data set size is increased. This study lays the groundwork for quantifying Fe (ilmenite) and Mg (geikielite) within oxides minerals using a cheap, portable, and efficient technology like Raman spectroscopy.","PeriodicalId":7768,"journal":{"name":"American Mineralogist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140370609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three new iron-phosphate minerals from the El Ali iron meteorite, Somalia: Elaliite, Fe2+8Fe3+ (PO4)O8; elkinstantonite, Fe4(PO4)2O; and olsenite, KFe4(PO4)3","authors":"C. D. Herd, Chi Ma, A. Locock, Radhika Saini, E. Walton","doi":"10.2138/am-2023-9225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2023-9225","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Petrologic investigation of the El Ali IAB iron meteorite (Somalia) revealed three new minerals: elaliite (Fe2+8Fe3+ (PO4)O8, IMA 2022-087), elkinstantonite(Fe4(PO4)2O, IMA 2022-088), and olsenite (KFe4(PO4)3, IMA 2022-100). The name elaliite recognizes the occurrence of this mineral within the El Ali meteorite, originally located at 4° 17′ 17″N, 44° 53′ 54″E. Elkinstantonite is named after Linda (Lindy) Elkins-Tanton (b. 1965), a planetary scientist and professor in the School of Earth and Space Exploration at Arizona State University. The name olsenite is in honor of Edward J. Olsen (1927-2020), the former Curator of Mineralogy and Meteorites at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago (1960-1991). The new minerals and their names have been approved by the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification of the International Mineralogical Association. The holotype specimens of elaliite, elkinstantonite and olsenite consist of the polished block mount with accession number MET11814/2-1/EP1 deposited in the University of Alberta Meteorite Collection. Elaliite, elkinstantonite and olsenite occur along with wustite, troilite, sarcopside and Ca-bearing graftonite within inclusions in the iron-nickel metal (kamacite, 9.4 wt% Ni) that makes up the bulk of the El Ali sample. The empirical formulas determined by electron probe microanalysis for elaliite, elkinstantonite, and olsenite are: (Fe2+7.943Fe3+1.020Cr0.010Ni0.006Ca0.004Mn0.004)Σ8.987(P0.932Si0.077S0.005)Σ1.014O12, (Fe2+3.947Mn0.016Ni0.003Ca0.001Cr0.001)Σ3.968(P1.986Si0.014S0.013)Σ2.013O9, and (K0.820Na0.135Ca0.004)Σ0.959(Fe3.829Mn0.050)Σ3.879(P2.972S0.058Si0.017)Σ3.047O12. Electron backscatter diffraction was used to confirm the crystal structures of the three new minerals. Raman spectra for all three minerals are also presented.","PeriodicalId":7768,"journal":{"name":"American Mineralogist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140371654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpreting Mineral Deposit Genesis Classification with Decision Maps: A Case Study Using Pyrite Trace Elements","authors":"Yu Wang, Kun-Feng Qiu, A. C. Telea, Zhao-Liang Hou, Tong Zhou, Yi-Wei Cai, Zheng-Jiang Ding, Hao-Cheng Yu, Jun Deng","doi":"10.2138/am-2023-9254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2023-9254","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Machine learning improves geochemistry discriminant diagrams in classifying mineral deposit genetic types. However, the increasingly recognized ‘black box’ property of machine learning has been hampering the transparency of complex data analysis, leading to the challenge in deep geochemical interpretation. To address the issue, we revisited pyrite trace elements and propose to use ‘Decision Map’, a cutting-edge visualization technique for machine learning. This technique reveals mineral deposit classifications by visualizing the ‘decision boundaries’ of high-dimensional data, a concept crucial for model interpretation, active learning, and domain adaptation. In the context of geochemical data classification, it enables geologists to understand the relationship between geo-data and decision boundaries, assess prediction certainty, and observe the data distribution trends. This bridges the gap between the insightful properties of traditional discriminant diagrams and the high-dimensional efficiency of modern machine learning. Using pyrite trace element data, we construct a decision map for mineral deposit type classification, which maintains the accuracy of machine learning while adding valuable visualization insight. Additionally, we demonstrate two applications of decision maps. First, we show how decision maps can help resolve the genetic type dispute of a deposit whose data was not used in training the models. Second, we demonstrate how the decision maps can help understand the model, which further helps find indicator elements of pyrite. The recommended indicator elements by decision maps are consistent with geologists’ knowledge. This study confirms the decision map’s effectiveness in interpreting mineral genetic type classification problems. In geochemistry classification, it marks a shift from conventional machine learning to a visually insightful approach, thereby enhancing the geological understanding derived from the model. Furthermore, our work implies that decision maps could be applicable to diverse classification challenges in geosciences.","PeriodicalId":7768,"journal":{"name":"American Mineralogist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140368852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemical characteristics of mineral inclusions in the Luobusa chromitite (Southern Tibet): Implications for an intricate geological setting","authors":"F. Xiong, B. Zoheir, Xiangzhen Xu, G. Guo, M. Frische, Jingsui Yang","doi":"10.2138/am-2023-9273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2023-9273","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Luobusa chromitite and ophiolite present a captivating geological feature marked by peculiar mineralogical and geochemical characteristics. Abundant platinum-group minerals (PGM), base-metal sulfides (BMS), and PGE-sulfides and alloys in the chromitite unveil a multi-stage genesis, encompassing partial mantle melting, melt-rock interactions, and dynamic shifts in oxygen and sulfur fugacity (fO2, fS2). This study explores the geochemical signatures and PGE patterns of these mineral inclusions to elucidate the evolutionary process of the Luobusa ophiolite, tracing its transition from a sub-ridge environment to a sub-arc setting. The variable ΣPGE values (40 - 334 ppb) in chromitite, coupled with notably lower ΣPGE values (10 - 63 ppb) in dunite imply extensive melt fractionation and melt-rock interactions. Coexisting well-crystalline Os-Ir alloys alongside interstitial BMS likely reflect low fS2 and high temperatures during the early formational stages, whereas abundant anhedral sulfarsenide and pyrite inclusions in chromite point to lower temperatures and higher fS2 during the late stages. The trace element composition of pyrite inclusions resonates with the characteristics of mid-ocean ridge (MOR) and oceanic island rocks, manifesting interplay of diverse magmatic sources during the evolution of the Luobusa ophiolite.","PeriodicalId":7768,"journal":{"name":"American Mineralogist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140370649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of fluid degassing in shallow magma chambers control the formation of porphyry deposits","authors":"Zixuan Wang, Yuanchuan Zheng, Bo Xu, Zengqian Hou, Ya-hui Shen, Aiping Zhang, Lu Wang, Chang-da Wu, Qingfeng Guo","doi":"10.2138/am-2023-9091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2023-9091","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Magmatic fluid degassing within shallow magma chambers underneath the ore bodies is critical to the formation of porphyry Cu-Au deposits (PCDs). Yet, it remains unclear that how the ways of fluid degassing influence on the development of PCDs. Here, geochemical data of apatite, amphibole and plagioclase from ore-forming and coeval barren porphyries have been analyzed in Sanjiang metallogenic belt, China. The ore-forming porphyries normally exhibit high and wide XF/XCl (31.76-548.12) and XF/XOH (0.779-7.370) ratios of apatites, which are evidently higher than those of the barren porphyries (XF/XCl of 1.03-26.58; XF/XOH of 0.686-3.602). Combined with the continuous variation features of Cl/OH ratios and H2O contents of melts calculated by amphiboles, as well as fluid migration models, we constrained the mechanisms of fluid degassing within shallow magma chambers underneath PCDs. There are three different ways of fluid degassing, while only fluid degassing via fluid channel stage can migrate and focus the metal-rich fluids effectively, conducive to the development of PCDs. The mechanisms of magmatic fluid degassing processes are further controlled by the storage depths of magma chambers and initial H2O contents of the magmas revealed by the compositions of amphibole, plagioclase and thermodynamic modelling. Magmas, with shallower storage depth and higher initial H2O content, are more likely to experience extensive and focused fluid degassing, leading to the generation of PCDs. This study demonstrates the potential utility of integrated mineral analyses, the thermodynamic modelling for investigating the mechanisms of magmatic fluid degassing in porphyry systems, as well as identifying prospective buried PCDs.","PeriodicalId":7768,"journal":{"name":"American Mineralogist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140372262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluids in the Shallow Mantle of Southeastern Australia: Insights from Phase Equilibria","authors":"William M. Lamb, Lindsey E. Hunt, Robert K. Popp","doi":"10.2138/am-2022-8735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2022-8735","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Small amounts of water (10s to 100s of ppm) can have a profound effect on the properties of mantle peridotites, including viscosities, conductivities, and melting temperatures. Measuring the water content of nominally anhydrous minerals (NAMs) has provided insight into the amounts of water contained within mantle rocks. However, converting from NAM water contents to the activity of H2O is non-trivial. Equilibria involving amphibole can be used to determine values of the activity of H2O (aH2O) at the time of mineral equilibration. This approach yields low values of the activity of H2O (< 0.3) for four peridotite xenoliths from Southeastern Australia. These four xenoliths also record values of oxygen fugacity (fO2) that range from -0.2 to -1.2 (Log units relative to FMQ). All these values of fO2 are inconsistent with the presence of a CH4-rich fluid (too oxidizing), and the lowest value of oxygen fugacity, as recorded by one sample, is inconsistent with the presence of a CO2-rich fluid.","PeriodicalId":7768,"journal":{"name":"American Mineralogist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140370271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence for Oceans pre-4300 Ma Confirmed by Preserved Igneous Compositions in Hadean Zircon","authors":"Emilia M. Cameron, Tyler Blum, A. Cavosie, K. Kitajima, Lutz Nasdala, I. Orland, C. Bonamici, J. Valley","doi":"10.2138/am-2023-9180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2023-9180","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Detrital zircons from the Jack Hills are the dominant source of Hadean (pre-4000 Ma) terrestrial material available for study today. Values of δ18O in many of these zircons (6.0 to 7.5‰ are above the mantle-equilibrated value. For two decades, these mildly elevated values have been the primary evidence that protoliths of the zircon-forming magmas interacted at low temperature with liquid water before burial and melting, implying that the surface of Earth cooled quickly after core and moon formation, and that habitable conditions for life existed within 250 Myr of the formation of Earth, over 800 Myr before the oldest generally accepted microfossils. These conclusions are based on oxygen isotope analyses of zircon domains with well-defined growth zoning and nearly concordant U-Pb ages within zircon grains with low magnetic susceptibility, which are further inferred to be unaltered by various tests. However, no studies of Jack Hills zircons have directly correlated oxygen isotope ratios and radiation damage, which facilitates alteration in zircon. Several previous studies have selected zircons that show radiation damaged, discordant and/or hydrous domains, and have shown that such altered material is not reliable as a record of igneous composition. In contrast, this study targeted zircons that are interpreted to pristine and not altered, and demonstrates the importance of testing zircons for radiation damage and alteration as part of any geochemical study, regardless of age. This study expands on existing data, and presents the first comprehensive evaluation of δ18O, OH/O, CL imaging, U-Pb concordance and radiation-damage state within Jack Hills zircons. A total of 115 Hadean zircon grains in this study have water contents similar to nominally anhydrous standard reference zircons and are interpreted as pristine. In situ Raman data for band broadening correlated with δ18O analyses document low levels of radiation damage, indicating significant annealing. The present-day effective doses (Deff) are uniformly less than the first percolation point (dose where damage domains, that are isolated at lower damage state, overlap to form a continuous pathway through the crystal, ~2×1015 α-decays/mg, Ewing et al., 2003) and most zircons have Deff<1×1015 α-decays/mg. Modeling of representative alpha-recoil damage and annealing histories indicates that most zircons in this study have remained below the Deff of the first percolation point throughout their history. The δ18O values for these primary zircons include many that are higher than would be equilibrated with the mantle at magmatic temperatures and average 6.32 ± 1.3‰ in the Hadean and 6.26 ± 1.6‰ in the Archean. There is no correlation in our suite of pristine Hadean zircons between δ18O and OH/O, Deff, age, or U-Pb age-concordance. These carefully documented Hadean-age zircons possess low amounts of radiation damage in domains sampled by δ18O analysis, are water-poor. The mildly elevated δ18O values are ","PeriodicalId":7768,"journal":{"name":"American Mineralogist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140369704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The OH stretching region in infrared spectra of the apatite OH-Cl binary system","authors":"R. Tacker, John Rakovan, Daniel Harlov, John M. Hughes, Sarah B. Cichy","doi":"10.2138/am-2023-9059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2023-9059","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Polarized Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy of the OH stretching region of hydroxylapatite-chlorapatite solid solutions presents novel problems for the assignment of peaks to specific OH-Cl pairs. Crystal structure refinements of Hughes et al. (2016) identified new positions for column anions in synthetic mixed Cl-OH apatites, with three different column anion arrangements depending on composition. These structural refinements, combined with bond valence calculations, allow for interpretation of the OH stretching region.\u0000 A peak at 3574 cm-1 is identified as that from end member hydroxylapatite. A second major peak at 3548 cm-1 is only found in mixed chlorapatite-hydroxylapatite solid solutions, as is a third peak at 3592 cm-1. Both represent perturbations of the OH stretching vibration as compared to hydroxylapatite, to lower and higher frequency, respectively. Both of the new peaks are the result of a Clb-OH sequence, with adjacent anions in crystallographically similar positions, both above or both below adjacent mirror planes. One configuration has the hydrogen atom pointed towards the chlorine atom. The second has the hydrogen of the OH group pointed away from the chlorine atom.\u0000 Both configurations present novel problems. The shift to lower wavenumber at 3548 cm-1 is characteristic of hydrogen bonding in fluorapatite-hydroxylapatite mixtures, yet the distance between O(H) and Clb is too great to allow it. The shift of OH stretching vibrations to lower wavenumber is produced through changes in polarization of intervening Cl-Ca2’ (or Ca2) and Ca2(’)-O3 bonds, which are affected by the presence of the large chlorine atom. Lowering the OH stretching vibration mimics the expected effect of a chlorine on a neighboring OH group in the apatite c-axis column, though without hydrogen bonding. The shift to higher wavenumbers, i.e. higher frequency at 3592 cm-1, is the opposite of that expected for hydrogen bonding between column anions in the apatite mineral group. It is ascribed to interaction between an adjacent Clb and the oxygen end of an adjacent OH dipole. This pairing places an oxygen and a chlorine atom in close proximity. Possible means of accommodation are discussed.\u0000 A ubiquitous peak at 3498 cm-1 represents hydrogen bonding between an OH and the OHa site, with an interoxygen distance of about 2.9 Å. Published modeling supports the hypothesis that the OHa site is occupied by an O rather than an OH. However, no clear counterpart to this pairing is observed in crystal structure refinements for specimens lacking OHa, although the infrared absorbance is present. The existence of oxyapatite is inferred from studies of plasma-sprayed biomaterials, but the crystallographic details of the substitution have remained elusive.\u0000 A minor shoulder at 3517 cm-1 does not have a clear counterpart in the structural refinements. Sequences of three columnar anions (e.g. OH-Cl-OH or Cl-OH-OH) can be ruled out, but unequivocal assignment awai","PeriodicalId":7768,"journal":{"name":"American Mineralogist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140369943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The application of “transfer learning” in optical microscopy: the petrographic classification of metallic minerals","authors":"Yi-Wei Cai, Kun-Feng Qiu, Maurizio Petrelli, Zhao-Liang Hou, M. Santosh, Hao-Cheng Yu, Ryan T. Armstrong, Jun Deng","doi":"10.2138/am-2023-9092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2023-9092","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Analysis of optical microscopic image data is crucial for the identification and characterization of mineral phases, and thus directly relevant to the subsequent methodology selections of further detailed petrological exploration. Here we present a novel application of Swin Transformer, a deep learning algorithm to classify metal mineral phases such as arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, gold, pyrite, and stibnite, in images captured by optical microscopy. To speed up the training process and improve the generalization capabilities of the investigated model, we adopt the “transfer learning” paradigm by pretraining the algorithm using a large, general-purpose, image dataset named ImageNet-1k. Further, we compare the performances of the Swin Transformer with those of two well-established Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) named MobileNetv2 and ResNet50, respectively. Our results highlight a maximum accuracy of 0.92 for the Swin Transformer, outperforming the CNNs. To provide an interpretation of the trained models, we apply the so-called Class Activation Map (CAM), which points to a strong global feature extraction ability of the Swin Transformer metal mineral classifier that focuses on distinctive (e.g., colors) and microstructural (e.g., edge shapes) features. The results demonstrate that the deep learning approach can accurately extract all available attributes, which reveals the potential to assist in data exploration and provides an opportunity to carry out spatial quantization at a large scale (cm-mm). Simultaneously, boosting the learning processes with pre-trained weights can accurately capture relevant attributes in mineral classification, revealing the potential for application in mineralogy and petrology, as well as enabling its use in resource explorations.","PeriodicalId":7768,"journal":{"name":"American Mineralogist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140218890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}