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Study on the Mechanical Properties and Crack Evolution of Bedding Coal under Splitting Load 劈裂荷载下垫层煤的力学性能和裂缝演变研究
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.3103/S0361521924700435
Laisheng Huang, Bo Li, Chao Li, Bing Wu, Jingxin Wang, Yang Li

In order to study the tensile properties and crack evolution of bedding coal under splitting load, Brazilian splitting tests were conducted on bedding coal. Results indicate distinct anisotropic mechanical properties of bedding coal. When the bedding dip angle is 0°, the coal sample exhibits the highest tensile strength and splitting modulus, followed by 30° and 90°, with the lowest values observed at 60°. Under the Brazilian splitting load, the crack propagation mechanism for coal samples with a bedding dip angle of 0° involves a combined tension-shear fracture. For dip angles of 0° and 60°, the crack propagation mechanism gradually shifts from tension-shear to tension failure, while at 90°, the crack propagation mechanism is primarily along the bedding plane in tension. The tensile failure characteristics of coal samples with bedding dip angles of 60° and 90° are more pronounced, and the load- acoustic emission parameter curve shows distinct bedding features. In the case of a 30° bedding dip angle, the failure is mainly due to a combined shear and tension cracking, with the acoustic emission counts exhibiting a multi-stage growth pattern. Furthermore, this study explores the implications of bedding coal fracture morphology for fracturing.

为了研究垫层煤在劈裂载荷作用下的拉伸性能和裂缝演变,对垫层煤进行了巴西劈裂试验。结果表明,垫层煤具有明显的各向异性力学性能。当煤层倾角为 0°时,煤样的抗拉强度和劈裂模量最高,其次是 30°和 90°,60°时的数值最低。在巴西劈裂载荷作用下,煤样在基底倾角为 0° 时的裂纹扩展机制是拉伸-剪切复合断裂。在倾角为0°和60°时,裂纹扩展机制逐渐从拉伸-剪切转变为拉伸破坏,而在倾角为90°时,裂纹扩展机制主要是沿层理平面的拉伸。层理倾角为 60° 和 90° 的煤样的拉伸破坏特征更为明显,载荷-声发射参数曲线显示出明显的层理特征。在层倾角为 30° 的情况下,破坏主要是由于剪切和拉伸裂纹共同作用造成的,声发射计数呈现多阶段增长模式。此外,本研究还探讨了层理煤断口形态对压裂的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Regeneration of Sibunit Carbon Material Previously Used in the Adsorption of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid by Microwave Radiation 利用微波辐射再生曾用于吸附 2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸的西布尼特碳材料
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.3103/S0361521924700381
M. D. Vedenyapina, S. A. Kulaishin, A. V. Chistyakov, A. K. Rakishev, S. A. Bulkin, M. V. Tsodikov, G. I. Konstantinov

The possibility of reusing mesoporous Sibunit as an adsorbent for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid was studied. The effectiveness of using microwave radiation to restore the adsorption properties of the studied adsorbent was shown. A decrease in the average pore size on the surface of the Sibunit sample was noted as the adsorption–regeneration cycles were carried out without reducing the value of the adsorption capacity.

研究了重新使用介孔锡布里特作为 2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸吸附剂的可能性。结果表明,使用微波辐射可以有效恢复所研究吸附剂的吸附特性。随着吸附-再生循环的进行,Sibunit 样品表面的平均孔径有所减小,但吸附容量并没有降低。
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引用次数: 0
A Combined TG–FTIR Study on the Pyrolysis of Waste Generated in the Coffee Production Chain 关于咖啡生产链中产生的废物热解的 TG-FTIR 联合研究
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.3103/S0361521924700332
Ya. D. Pudova, Yu. M. Faleeva

The results of a study on the pyrolysis of agricultural (coffee husks and parchment) and agroindustrial (two types of spent coffee grounds) waste from coffee production are presented. A study of the temperature dependence of the weight loss of samples during pyrolysis and the qualitative analysis of the main volatile substances were carried out using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TG) coupled with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The main stages of thermal decomposition of the samples were presented at four heating rates of 5, 10, 20, and 30 K/min. The results of an analysis of IR spectra for the volatile components of pyrolysis products of four materials were shown, and the temperature dependences of the absorption band intensities of the main gaseous pyrolysis compounds were plotted.

本文介绍了对咖啡生产过程中产生的农业废弃物(咖啡壳和羊皮纸)和农用工业废弃物(两种废咖啡渣)进行热解的研究结果。使用热重分析仪(TG)和傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)对热解过程中样品重量损失的温度依赖性进行了研究,并对主要挥发性物质进行了定性分析。在 5、10、20 和 30 K/min 四种加热速率下,样品的主要热分解阶段得以呈现。图中显示了四种材料热解产物挥发性成分的红外光谱分析结果,并绘制了主要气态热解化合物吸收带强度的温度相关性曲线。
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引用次数: 0
Chicken Litter Pyrolysis and Composition of Gaseous Products Formed 鸡粪热解及其形成的气态产品的成分
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.3103/S0361521924700344
O. M. Larina, Ya. D. Pudova

In this work, a study of chicken litter pyrolysis was carried out in a thermal analyzer in a temperature range from 20 to 905°C at different heating rates of the raw material. Four peaks were obtained in a graph of the temperature dependence of the rate of weight loss. The first and second peaks were associated with the decomposition of plant biomass components; the third peak was due to the decomposition of plant and manure components, and the fourth peak characterized the decomposition of compounds from the mineral part of chicken manure. Spectral analysis of the gaseous products of chicken litter pyrolysis showed that they contained flammable components typical of gaseous products of thermal decomposition of plant biomass. The temperature range of the most intense formation of main carbon-containing compounds was 140–380°C. In addition, nitrogen-containing compounds associated with the decomposition of urea and proteins from chicken manure were found in the volatile components.

在这项工作中,在热分析仪中对鸡粪热解进行了研究,温度范围为 20 至 905°C,原料的加热速率各不相同。在重量损失率随温度变化的曲线图中出现了四个峰值。第一个和第二个峰值与植物生物质成分的分解有关;第三个峰值是由于植物和粪便成分的分解,而第四个峰值则是鸡粪矿物部分化合物分解的特征。对鸡粪热解气态产物的光谱分析显示,它们含有植物生物质热分解气态产物的典型易燃成分。主要含碳化合物形成最旺盛的温度范围为 140-380°C。此外,在挥发性成分中还发现了与分解鸡粪中的尿素和蛋白质有关的含氮化合物。
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引用次数: 0
Thermogravimetric Analysis of PAN Fiber after Thermostabilization Process 热稳定处理后 PAN 纤维的热重分析
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.3103/S036152192470037X
M. V. Shishanov, T. V. Bukharkina, A. N. Ivanova, M. S. Luchkin

The results of thermogravimetric analysis of polyacrylonitrile fiber samples after the process of oxidative thermal stabilization in air are presented. Based on a study of a commercial sample of PAN fiber, the dependences of the weight loss of the starting material on the final temperature of oxidative thermal stabilization and the heating rate are presented. A machine learning model was built using the results of the experiments in order to predict the dependence of the weight loss of the starting material on the technological parameters of the oxidative thermal stabilization process.

本文介绍了聚丙烯腈纤维样品在空气中进行氧化热稳定处理后的热重分析结果。根据对 PAN 纤维商用样品的研究,介绍了起始材料的重量损失与氧化热稳定最终温度和加热速率的关系。利用实验结果建立了一个机器学习模型,以预测起始材料的失重与氧化热稳定工艺的技术参数之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Harvesting Time on Biomass and Combustion Quality of Miscanthus lutarioriparius in Dongting Lake Area 采收时间对洞庭湖区鹅掌楸生物量和燃烧质量的影响
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.3103/S0361521924700423
Viswanathan Kinipalayam Eswaran, Senthilkumar Veerasamy, Pradeep Thirumoorthy, Sampathkumar Velusamy

Biomass energy is increasingly recognized as a promising alternative to conventional energy sources, offering potential sustainability and environmental benefits. Miscanthus has emerged as a standout candidate within energy crops, with M. lutarioriparius particularly noteworthy. This research delves into the intricate relationship between the timing of harvest and the resulting biomass yield and combustion quality of M. lutarioriparius in the unique coastal wetlands surrounding China’s Dongting Lake. An extensive field experiment was meticulously executed to explore these dynamics, yielding valuable insights comprehensively. (1) First and foremost, the study unearthed a paradoxical trend: delaying the harvest of M. lutarioriparius led to an increase in the stem-to-leaf ratio. However, this apparent benefit was counterbalanced by a noticeable decrease in overall biomass yield, primarily driven by the shedding of leaves as harvest was delayed. Delving into the intricacies of biomass composition, delayed harvests had a significant impact. (2) Specifically, they resulted in marked reductions in water content, ash content, and hemicellulose levels within M. lutarioriparius biomass. The correlation analysis further underscored the importance of cellulose and lignin, with a strong positive relationship between their content and calorific value, while hemicellulose exhibited a highly significant negative correlation. (3) Additionally, the study ventured into the realm of mineral elements within the biomass. Delayed harvesting precipitated a substantial reduction in their content, with notable fluctuations observed in potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) levels. Furthermore, ash content exhibited positive correlations with potassium (K) and silicon (Si) contents, shedding light on the intricate interplay of mineral elements. A notable silver lining emerged despite the reduced biomass yield associated with delayed harvesting. In a holistic assessment, the optimal window for harvesting M. lutarioriparius to maximize fuel quality was pinpointed to span from late November to the conclusion of January in the subsequent year. This nuanced understanding of harvesting timing can play a pivotal role in optimizing the utilization of M. lutarioriparius as a valuable energy resource.

人们日益认识到,生物质能源是一种替代传统能源的前景广阔的能源,具有潜在的可持续性和环境效益。马齿苋已成为能源作物中的佼佼者,尤其值得注意的是马齿苋(M. lutarioriparius)。本研究深入探讨了中国洞庭湖周围独特的滨海湿地中胡枝子的收获时间与生物质产量和燃烧质量之间的复杂关系。为了探索这些动态变化,我们精心实施了一项广泛的田间试验,并获得了全面的宝贵见解。(1) 首先,这项研究发现了一个矛盾的趋势:延迟芦竹的采收会导致茎叶比增加。然而,这种表面上的好处却被总体生物量产量的明显下降所抵消,这主要是由于采收延迟导致叶片脱落。深入研究生物量组成的复杂性,延迟收割会产生重大影响。(2)具体地说,它们导致鲁塔里欧梨生物质中的水分含量、灰分含量和半纤维素含量明显减少。相关性分析进一步强调了纤维素和木质素的重要性,它们的含量与热值之间有很强的正相关性,而半纤维素则表现出非常显著的负相关。(3) 此外,研究还涉足生物质中的矿物质元素领域。延迟收割导致矿物质含量大幅减少,钾(K)和钙(Ca)含量出现明显波动。此外,灰分含量与钾(K)和硅(Si)含量呈正相关,揭示了矿物元素之间错综复杂的相互作用。尽管延迟收割会导致生物量减少,但仍有一线希望。通过全面评估,确定了从 11 月下旬到第二年 1 月底的最佳收割时间,以最大限度地提高燃料质量。对收割时机的这种细致入微的理解,可在优化利用胡枝子这种宝贵的能源资源方面发挥关键作用。
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引用次数: 0
Study on Disaster Mechanism and Prevention of Air Leakage Channel in Shallow Close Distance Coal Seam Group 浅部近距离煤层群漏风通道的灾害机理与防治研究
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.3103/S036152192470040X
Ran Peng, Xiaobin Yang, Wei Li

The shallow-buried close-distance coal seam group has the characteristics of large mining height, shallow burial depth and small interlayer spacing. After coal seam mining, a penetrating air leakage channel is formed on the surface and underground, which is the main cause of low oxygen in the return air corner. This paper, PFC simulation is used to study the caving law of overburden rock and the evolution process of air leakage channel during the mining process of working face. The results show that the low oxygen gas in the goaf of 12 # coal seam mainly migrates to the return corner of the lower 221014 working face. The main medium facilitating this is the interconnected inter-coal seam air leakage channel, and the primary driving force is the substantial and rapid decrease in surface gas pressure, leading to a significant gas pressure difference between the return airway corner and the goaf of the 12 # coal seam. Aiming at the low oxygen phenomenon in the return air corner. The governance measures involving even-pressure ventilation technology were proposed. Theoretical calculations determined a safe gas pressure adjustment range for the return airway corner to be between 88.328 and 88.549 Pa. The pressure equalizing ventilation technology effectively controls the pressure difference between the goaf of 12 # coal seam and 22104 working face, and reduces the air leakage. Finally, the oxygen concentration in the return air corner is increased to prevent excessive fresh air from pouring into the goaf.

浅埋近距离煤层组具有采高大、埋深浅、层间距小的特点。煤层开采后,在地表和井下形成贯通的漏风通道,是造成回风隅角含氧量低的主要原因。本文利用 PFC 仿真研究了工作面开采过程中覆岩的崩落规律和漏风通道的演化过程。结果表明,12#煤层煤层中的低氧瓦斯主要向下部221014工作面回风隅角迁移。其主要媒介是煤层间相互连通的漏风通道,主要驱动力是地表瓦斯压力的大幅度快速下降,导致回风巷隅角与12#煤层巷道之间产生明显的瓦斯压差。针对回风隅角低氧现象。提出了采用均压通风技术的治理措施。通过理论计算,确定回风隅角安全瓦斯压力调节范围在 88.328~88.549 Pa 之间,均压通风技术有效控制了 12#煤层巷道与 22104 工作面的压差,减少了漏风量。最后,提高回风隅角的氧气浓度,防止过多的新鲜空气涌入巷道。
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引用次数: 0
Production of Fuel Briquettes from Carbon-Containing Technogenic Raw Materials 利用含碳技术原料生产燃料砖块
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.3103/S0361521924700320
N. I. Buravchuk, O. V. Guryanova

The article presents the results of experimental studies on the production of fuel briquettes from carbon-containing technogenic raw materials with a certain energy potential, flotation concentrate of coal enrichment sludge and wood and plant residues with binders. The technical characteristics of fuel briquettes of experimental batches are presented. The applicability of the selected binders for obtaining high-quality fuel briquettes was demonstrated. Aspects of the formation of the structure and properties of fuel briquettes are considered.

文章介绍了利用具有一定能量潜力的含碳技术原材料、煤炭富集污泥浮选浓缩物以及木材和植物残渣加粘合剂生产燃料块的实验研究结果。报告介绍了实验批次燃料块的技术特点。证明了所选粘合剂对获得高质量燃料块的适用性。研究还考虑了燃料块结构和特性的形成方面。
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引用次数: 0
Sequential Extraction Procedure for Elemental Speciation in Jordanian Oil Shale Ash 约旦油页岩灰中元素种类的顺序萃取程序
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.3103/S0361521924700393
Salah H. Aljbour, Heba Al-Rowad, Nabeel A. Jarrah

This study investigates the mineralogical composition and elemental distribution of oil shale and its ash from Sultani deposits using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses, respectively. The XRD analysis of the oil shale samples confirmed the presence of calcite and quartz as primary mineral phases. However, XRD analysis of the oil shale ash revealed the presence of gypsum in addition to calcite and quartz, suggesting thermal decomposition and mineral transformation during combustion. The Sequential solvent extraction procedure provides insights into the distribution of heavy metals within Sultani oil shale ash. Specifically, the water-soluble fraction (stage 1) exhibited the presence of readily mobile metals, notably sulfur and silicon. In the exchangeable fraction (stage 2), metals were identified as bound to particle surfaces and acid-soluble salts, with notable concentrations of calcium, iron, and other trace elements observed. Manganese oxide and organically bound metals emerged in the easily reduced fraction (stage 3), while metals associated with oxidizable minerals were predominant in the oxidizable fraction (stage 4). Additionally, the non-mobile fraction (stage 5) entrapped metals within mineral crystal lattices, indicating limited mobility.

本研究分别采用 X 射线衍射 (XRD) 和 X 射线荧光 (XRF) 分析方法,研究了苏尔坦尼矿床油页岩及其灰烬的矿物组成和元素分布。油页岩样本的 X 射线衍射分析证实了方解石和石英作为主要矿物相的存在。然而,油页岩灰烬的 XRD 分析表明,除了方解石和石英,还存在石膏,这表明燃烧过程中存在热分解和矿物转化。顺序溶剂萃取程序有助于深入了解苏尔坦尼油页岩灰中重金属的分布情况。具体地说,水溶性部分(第 1 阶段)显示了易移动金属的存在,尤其是硫和硅。在可交换部分(第 2 阶段)中,金属被确定为与颗粒表面和酸溶盐结合,并观察到明显的钙、铁和其他微量元素浓度。氧化锰和有机结合金属出现在易还原部分(第 3 阶段),而与可氧化矿物相关的金属则主要出现在可氧化部分(第 4 阶段)。此外,非流动部分(阶段 5)将金属夹在矿物晶格中,表明流动性有限。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing the Synthesis of Porous Activated Carbon for Environmentally Friendly Sulfur Removal from Kerosene Fuel 加强多孔活性炭的合成以实现煤油燃料的环保脱硫
IF 0.8 4区 工程技术 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.3103/S0361521924700411
Jasim I. Humadi, Amer T. Nawaf, Liqaa I. Saeed, Qahtan A. Mahmood

This work aimed to investigate the removal of sulfur compounds from light kerosene using activated carbon (AC) that was treated with alkali agents (KOH and NaOH) to enhance its adsorption properties. The physicochemical properties of the as-received AC and AC/alkali agents were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). To evaluate the effectiveness of the surface modifications on the adsorbents, various operating conditions were examined. The agitation speed varied between 200, 300, and 400 rpm, while the contact time ranged from 15 to 35 minutes. Additionally, different percentages of KOH (5, 10, 15%) and NaOH (5, 10, 15%) were used to assess their influence on the removal efficiency of sulfur compounds. Based on the given information, it appears that the treatment of activated carbon (AC) with alkali agents, specifically KOH and NaOH, has resulted in an increase in the specific surface areas of the AC. This increase in surface area could potentially enhance the adsorption capabilities of the AC. The results showed that AC/KOH achieved a sulfur removal efficiency of 69%, while AC/NaOH demonstrated a higher efficiency of 84%. The highest sulfur removal efficiency was achieved under specific conditions: a NaOH concentration of 4 M, agitation speed of 400 rpm, and contact time of 35 minutes. Overall, the treatment of activated carbon with alkali agents, particularly NaOH, led to increased specific surface areas and the presence of hydroxyl functional groups. The surface area of AC-treatment will be increased because the functional group formation new location in AC-support and increased the porosity, therefore the surface area will increase. The resulting composites, AC/KOH and AC/NaOH, demonstrated enhanced sulfur removal efficiency compared to other composites, with AC/NaOH showing the highest performance.

这项工作旨在研究使用活性炭(AC)去除轻质煤油中的硫化合物,活性炭经过碱剂(KOH 和 NaOH)处理以增强其吸附特性。使用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对活性炭和活性炭/碱剂的物理化学特性进行了表征。为了评估表面改性对吸附剂的效果,研究人员考察了各种操作条件。搅拌速度在 200、300 和 400 rpm 之间变化,接触时间在 15 至 35 分钟之间。此外,还使用了不同比例的 KOH(5、10、15%)和 NaOH(5、10、15%)来评估它们对硫化合物去除效率的影响。根据所提供的信息,用碱剂(特别是 KOH 和 NaOH)处理活性炭似乎增加了活性炭的比表面积。比表面积的增加有可能增强活性炭的吸附能力。结果表明,AC/KOH 的脱硫效率为 69%,而 AC/NaOH 的脱硫效率更高,达到 84%。最高的硫去除效率是在特定条件下实现的:NaOH 浓度为 4 M,搅拌速度为 400 rpm,接触时间为 35 分钟。总之,用碱剂(尤其是 NaOH)处理活性炭可增加比表面积和羟基官能团的存在。AC 处理后的比表面积增大,是因为官能团在 AC 支座中形成了新的位置,增加了孔隙率,因此比表面积增大。与其他复合材料相比,AC/KOH 和 AC/NaOH 所产生的复合材料具有更高的脱硫效率,其中 AC/NaOH 的脱硫效率最高。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Solid Fuel Chemistry
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