Animal blood groups and biochemical genetics最新文献

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Blood Transfusion Reactions 输血反应

Animal blood groups and biochemical genetics

Pub Date : 2019-04-20 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85347

J. Olaniyi

Blood transfusion reaction/adverse transfusion reactions could be fatal/severe or mild, immediate or delayed, immunological or nonimmunological, and infectious or noninfectious, and attention is paid particularly to the incidence, possible causes and pathophysiology, clinical features, and management of each type with the aim of improving awareness and raising consciousness towards improving blood safety and judicious use of blood so as to forestall these blood transfusion reactions as much as possible. This chapter serves as a synopsis to adverse blood reactions, which are very common but apparently more often under-recognized and/or underreported particularly in developing countries. This should sharpen the consciousness of all health practitioners involved in blood transfusion services towards taking measures at preventing transfusion reactions right from donor selection up to the infusion of blood into the recipients.

输血反应/输血不良反应可能是致命的/严重的或轻微的，立即的或延迟的，免疫的或非免疫的，感染性的或非感染性的，并特别注意其发生率，可能的原因和病理生理学，临床特征，对每一种血型进行管理，目的是提高认识和提高对改善血液安全和明智用血的意识，以便尽可能预防这些输血反应。本章概述了血液不良反应，这些不良反应非常常见，但显然往往未得到充分认识和/或报告，特别是在发展中国家。这应提高参与输血服务的所有卫生从业人员的意识，采取措施防止从选择献血者到将血液输注到受者体内的输血反应。

引用次数: 0

A New Alternative Approach for RhD Incompatibility; Determination Fetal RhD Status via Biosensor Technology RhD不兼容的一种新方法利用生物传感器技术测定胎儿RhD状态

Animal blood groups and biochemical genetics

Pub Date : 2019-03-15 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84878

Ebru Dündar Yenilmez, U. Kökbaş, A. Tuli

Prenatal detection of the fetal RHD status in early stage of pregnancy is observed to be useful in the management of RhD incompatibility to identify fetuses at risk of hemolytic disease. The routine use of antenatal and postnatal anti-D prophylaxis reduces the incidence of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. Cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma is in use today for routine genotyping fetal RHD status. Fetal RhD antigens can be detected in the blood of RhD-negative pregnant women using a nanopolymer-coated biosensor and could be an alternative method for medical diagnosis. We detected RhD-positive fetal antibodies with biosensor in maternal blood of RhD-negative mothers. The electrochemical measurements were performed on a PalmSens potentiostat and corundum ceramic-based screen-printed gold electrode. The demonstrated method has a different view for the detection of fetal RhD status in early pregnancy. The biosensor technology is useful and can be carried out rapidly in clinical diagnosis. Biosensors are also reproducible methods which give results quickly compared to noninvasive fetal RHD genotyping with real-time PCR-based techniques. We suggest that this method could become an alternative part of fetal RHD genotyping from maternal plasma as a prenatal screening in the management of RhD incompatibility.

产前检测胎儿RHD状态在妊娠早期被观察到对RHD不相容的管理有用，以确定有溶血疾病风险的胎儿。产前和产后常规使用抗- d预防可降低胎儿和新生儿溶血病的发病率。目前，母体血浆中无细胞胎儿DNA被用于胎儿RHD状态的常规基因分型。胎儿RhD抗原可以在RhD阴性孕妇的血液中检测，使用纳米聚合物包被的生物传感器，可以作为医学诊断的替代方法。我们用生物传感器在rh阴性母亲的母体血液中检测rh阳性胎儿抗体。电化学测量是在PalmSens电位器和刚玉陶瓷丝网印刷金电极上进行的。该方法对妊娠早期胎儿RhD状态的检测有不同的看法。生物传感器技术在临床诊断中具有广泛的应用价值和快速的应用前景。与基于实时pcr的无创胎儿RHD基因分型技术相比，生物传感器也是一种可重复的方法，可以快速给出结果。我们建议，这种方法可以成为胎儿RHD基因分型的一个替代部分，从母体血浆作为产前筛查处理RHD不相容。

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引用次数: 1

Introductory Chapter: Blood Groups - From Past to the Future 导论章:血型-从过去到未来

Animal blood groups and biochemical genetics

Pub Date : 2019-03-08 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85014

A. Tombak

Because we know there are different blood groups today, doctors can save lives by transferring the right blood to patients. But previously, the blood transfusion was just a dream. This idea was first discussed by the doctors at the time of Renaissance. In later periods, a French doctor transfused calf blood to a patient in the 1600s and the patient died. Of course, blood transfusions which were made unaware of the presence of antigenic differences ended with death. Because of such unsuccessful trials, the blood transfusion gained a bad reputation. In 1817, Dr. James Blundell, an English obstetrician, said that living species had different blood structures, so blood could not be transfused between different species, but only human blood could be given to a human. In the following years, a total of 10 blood transfusions were performed, of which only 4 survived. Dr. Blundell did not know that human blood had different antigens, and people should be transfused with the same blood group antigens. And probably, this was the cause of death in some patients.

因为我们知道现在有不同的血型，医生可以通过给病人输送合适的血液来挽救生命。但在此之前，输血只是一个梦想。这个想法最早是在文艺复兴时期由医生们讨论的。在后来的时期，一位法国医生在17世纪给一位病人输血，病人死亡。当然，不知道存在抗原差异的输血以死亡告终。由于这些不成功的试验，输血获得了坏名声。1817年，英国产科医生詹姆斯·布伦德尔(James Blundell)博士说，现存物种的血液结构不同，因此不同物种之间不能输血，只能给人类输血。在接下来的几年里，总共进行了10次输血，其中只有4次存活。布伦德尔不知道人类血液中有不同的抗原，人们应该输入相同血型的抗原。很可能，这就是一些病人死亡的原因。

引用次数: 0

ABO Blood Group Antigens as a Model of Studying Protein-Protein Interactions ABO血型抗原作为研究蛋白-蛋白相互作用的模型

Animal blood groups and biochemical genetics

Pub Date : 2018-12-14 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82541

F. N. Gylmiyarova, E. Ryskina, N. Kolotyeva, V. Kuzmicheva, O. Gusyakova

This work presents a research of intermolecular interactions on the example of the antigen antibody interactions of the ABO system. This model could be successfully used in the future due to the lack of knowledge in the area of the ABO antigen’s behavior as a biomolecule and the integration of these structures into chain of metabolic processes in a human being. Using computer PASS system (“in silico” research), we describe the possible biological effects of pyruvate, lactate, and antigen determinants A and B. Glycoproteins A and B are very perspective to study as biological active connectors due to the wide range of their biological effects. The obtained knowledge proves that ABO antigen, as well as other glycoprotein conju-gates, could play an important role in intercellular adhesion and signal transmis-sion, which could be used in perspective in personalized medicine, target therapy, and evaluation of lab results in clinical practice.

这项工作提出了分子间相互作用的研究对ABO系统的抗原抗体相互作用的例子。由于对ABO抗原作为生物分子的行为以及将这些结构整合到人体代谢过程链方面的知识缺乏，该模型可以在未来成功使用。利用计算机PASS系统(“计算机”研究)，我们描述了丙酮酸盐、乳酸盐和抗原决定因子A和B可能的生物效应。糖蛋白A和B作为生物活性连接器，由于其广泛的生物效应，是非常有前景的研究。这些知识证明，ABO抗原以及其他糖蛋白偶联物在细胞间粘附和信号传递中发挥着重要作用，在临床实践中可用于个性化医疗、靶向治疗和实验室结果评估。

引用次数: 1

Abstracts of papers read at the 19th International Conference on Animal Blood Groups and Biochemical Polymorphisms. (Göttingen, FRG, 22-27 July 1984). 第19届国际动物血型和生化多态性会议论文摘要。(Göttingen, FRG, 1984年7月22日至27日)。

Animal blood groups and biochemical genetics

Pub Date : 1985-01-01

引用次数: 0

Genetic variation of haemoglobin alpha- and beta-chains in rabbits detected by isoelectric focusing and reversed-phase chromatography. 用等电聚焦和反相色谱法检测兔血红蛋白α链和β链的遗传变异。

Animal blood groups and biochemical genetics

Pub Date : 1985-01-01

L Andersson, S Bengtsson, U Hellman, I Källman, C Ranje

Previous studies on the amino acid sequences and on the amino acid composition of peptides revealed genetic polymorphism both of the haemoglobin alpha-chain (Hb alpha) and beta-chain (Hb beta) in rabbits. In this study, rabbit haemolysates were analysed by isoelectric focusing in a narrow pH range (6.7-7.7) and by reversed-phase chromatography. Two variants were found for both Hb alpha and Hb beta. The two methods detected the same variants in this material. Inheritance data were consistent with the hypothesis that the observed Hb alpha and Hb beta variants were each controlled by two codominant, autosomal alleles. Haemoglobin polymorphism appears to be frequent in domestic rabbits since both variants of each chain were observed in all the three breeds studied.

先前对兔血红蛋白α链(Hb α)和β链(Hb β)的氨基酸序列和氨基酸组成的研究揭示了兔血红蛋白α链和β链的遗传多态性。本研究采用等电聚焦法和反相色谱法，在较窄的pH范围(6.7-7.7)内对兔溶血液进行分析。发现了两个Hb α和Hb β的变体。这两种方法在这种材料中检测到相同的变异。遗传数据与假设一致，即观察到的Hb α和Hb β变异均由两个共显性常染色体等位基因控制。血红蛋白多态性似乎在家兔中很常见，因为在所有研究的三个品种中都观察到每条链的两种变体。

引用次数: 0

Urinary proteins: interstrain differences in the laboratory rat. 尿蛋白:实验室大鼠的品系间差异。

Animal blood groups and biochemical genetics

Pub Date : 1984-01-01

R Brdicka

By comparing electrophoretic patterns of urinary proteins from males of different inbred strains and pertinent hybrids, a new polymorphic locus designated Mur-2 has been detected.

通过比较不同自交系和相关杂交种雄性尿蛋白的电泳图谱，发现了一个新的多态位点mir -2。

引用次数: 0

New phenotypes of alpha s-casein in sheep. 绵羊α - s-酪蛋白的新表型。

Animal blood groups and biochemical genetics

Pub Date : 1983-01-01

L Di Stasio

In an electrophoretic analysis of 198 milk samples from the Massa and Biella breeds of sheep, six different alpha s-casein phenotypes were observed, of which three have not been reported previously.

在对来自马萨和比耶拉绵羊品种的198份牛奶样品的电泳分析中，观察到6种不同的α - s-酪蛋白表型，其中3种以前未报道过。

引用次数: 0

A bovine 'Ia-like' antigen detected by a xenogeneic monoclonal antibody. 用异种单克隆抗体检测牛“ia样”抗原。

Animal blood groups and biochemical genetics

Pub Date : 1983-01-01

J J Letesson, P Coppe, N Lostrie-Trussart, A Depelchin

A monoclonal antibody termed B2 Val 7C7, was produced by the fusion of xenoimmune mouse spleen cells with Sp2/0.Ag 14 myeloma cells. This antibody is specific for a polymorphic lymphocyte antigen; it was detected on cells from 138 out of 177 cattle by both 125I-labelled protein A (solid-phase radioimmunoassay, SPRIA) and gold-labelled protein A (immunogold). Its binding was tested on various cell types (peripheral blood lymphocytes, monocytes, polymorphonuclear cells (PMN), thymocytes) from a variety of normal bovine donors. On the one hand, B2 Val 7C7 detects a determinant present on all IgG-bearing lymphocytes, on 20% of the non-IgG-bearing lymphocytes and on the majority of the monocytes. On the other hand, no binding occurs on any PMN or thymocytes. The detected membrane antigen was isolated by immunoprecipitation from an NP 40 extract of 3H-leucine-labelled cells. On SDS-PAGE, it appears to be composed of two sub-units: a 32 000-dalton and a 27 000-dalton chain. These results show that B2 Val 7C7 recognizes an alloantigenic specificity present on an Ia-like antigen.

用Sp2/0与异种免疫小鼠脾细胞融合制备单克隆抗体B2 Val 7C7。ag14骨髓瘤细胞。这种抗体对多态淋巴细胞抗原具有特异性;用125i标记蛋白A(固相放射免疫测定法，SPRIA)和金标记蛋白A(免疫金)对177头牛中的138头细胞进行检测。它的结合测试了各种细胞类型(外周血淋巴细胞、单核细胞、多形核细胞(PMN)、胸腺细胞)从各种正常的牛供体。一方面，B2 Val 7C7检测到存在于所有携带igg的淋巴细胞、20%的非携带igg的淋巴细胞和大多数单核细胞上的决定因子。另一方面，没有结合发生在任何PMN或胸腺细胞上。通过免疫沉淀从3h -亮氨酸标记细胞的NP 40提取物中分离检测到的膜抗原。在SDS-PAGE上，它似乎由两个亚单元组成:一个32000道尔顿和一个27000道尔顿链。这些结果表明B2 Val 7C7识别ia样抗原上存在的同种抗原特异性。

引用次数: 0

Thermostability of sheep haemoglobins. 绵羊血红蛋白的热稳定性。

Animal blood groups and biochemical genetics

Pub Date : 1982-01-01

K Tsunoda, M Kotani, T Shimaoka, S Suzuki

引用次数: 0

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