Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.31274/ANS_AIR-180814-367
L. Hardie, K. Maxwell, D. Spurlock
{"title":"Relationship between Mid-First Lactation Feed Efficiency and Late First and Early Second Lactation Body Condition Score","authors":"L. Hardie, K. Maxwell, D. Spurlock","doi":"10.31274/ANS_AIR-180814-367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31274/ANS_AIR-180814-367","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7812,"journal":{"name":"Animal Industry Report","volume":"25 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72990267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.31274/ANS_AIR-180814-394
Emily Strong, S. Azarpajouh, Benjamin Drescher, Anna K. Johnson, D. Morrical
The objectives of this experiment were (1) to determine if experience affects maze entrance and exit order and (2) how temperament affects ewe lamb coping response to a predictable novel stimulus. A total of nine, ~4-month-old blackface Hampshire-cross ewe lambs, BW~18 to 27 kg were used. Ewe lamb temperament was identified and three groups of ewe lambs were created. Each group had a BOLD, MODERATE and SHY ewe lamb. All ewe lambs were introduced and habituated to the maze for four consecutive days (days -3 to day 0), respectively. On trial day 1, Group 1 (EXPERIENCED) passed through the maze. On trial day 2, Groups 1 and 2 (MIDDLE) passed through the maze. On trial day 3, Groups 1, 2 and 3 (NAÏVE) passed through the maze. Over these trial days, ewe lambs were exposed to a red ball and a red flag (novel stimuli). Behavioral measures (order to enter and exit the maze and coping style [active vs passive]) were collected over four habituation days (-3, -2, -1 and 0), and over three trial days (1, 2 and 3), respectively. The data will be presented descriptively. Ewe lamb 1936 had the highest number of cone touches, with 1943 having the least over the 1-h observation period. For the BOLD group the cone touches ranged from 7 to 10, MODERATE ranged from 5 to 6 and SHY ranged from 0 to 4 respectively. Over all entry days a BOLD ewe lamb entered and exited the maze first, but it was not always the same BOLD ewe lamb. There was no consistent ewe lamb order for entering or exiting the maze for MODERATE or SHY temperament classification. Ewe lambs for both stimuli engaged in a passive coping style (77.8%). In conclusion, ewe lambs, regardless of temperament, did not react negatively to a novel stimuli. Furthermore, experience to the maze did not affect entrance and exit order and all ewe lambs navigated the maze in less than 15-seconds over all trial days. We predict that this behavioral reactivity would enable producers to handle ewe lambs effectively in a handling system for necessary husbandry practices without undue animal welfare issues. Introduction Fear, anxiety, and stress are affective states observed in cattle, swine, poultry, and sheep. An animal can react in three ways when placed in a novel or unfamiliar environment: 1) fear, 2) flight or 3) freeze. Animal fear can be tested using many methodologies. These methodologies can differ to include, for example, the number of animals being tested, the type of testing arena and the novel stimuli used. During fear tests, behavior is often measured to determine how fearful a prescribed set of circumstances are. Primary behavioral indicators of fear include active defense reactions such as attack and threaten, active avoidance reactions such as hiding and escaping, and movement inhibition. Activity level often is dependent on the emotional intensity of the threat. During a low threat, such as those presented by fear tests, increased activity has been concluded to indicate a fearful animal. Sheep are flock a
{"title":"ANS 490-A: Ewe Lamb’sTemperament and Effects on Maze Entry, Exit Order and Coping Styles When Exposed to Novel Stimulus","authors":"Emily Strong, S. Azarpajouh, Benjamin Drescher, Anna K. Johnson, D. Morrical","doi":"10.31274/ANS_AIR-180814-394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31274/ANS_AIR-180814-394","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this experiment were (1) to determine if experience affects maze entrance and exit order and (2) how temperament affects ewe lamb coping response to a predictable novel stimulus. A total of nine, ~4-month-old blackface Hampshire-cross ewe lambs, BW~18 to 27 kg were used. Ewe lamb temperament was identified and three groups of ewe lambs were created. Each group had a BOLD, MODERATE and SHY ewe lamb. All ewe lambs were introduced and habituated to the maze for four consecutive days (days -3 to day 0), respectively. On trial day 1, Group 1 (EXPERIENCED) passed through the maze. On trial day 2, Groups 1 and 2 (MIDDLE) passed through the maze. On trial day 3, Groups 1, 2 and 3 (NAÏVE) passed through the maze. Over these trial days, ewe lambs were exposed to a red ball and a red flag (novel stimuli). Behavioral measures (order to enter and exit the maze and coping style [active vs passive]) were collected over four habituation days (-3, -2, -1 and 0), and over three trial days (1, 2 and 3), respectively. The data will be presented descriptively. Ewe lamb 1936 had the highest number of cone touches, with 1943 having the least over the 1-h observation period. For the BOLD group the cone touches ranged from 7 to 10, MODERATE ranged from 5 to 6 and SHY ranged from 0 to 4 respectively. Over all entry days a BOLD ewe lamb entered and exited the maze first, but it was not always the same BOLD ewe lamb. There was no consistent ewe lamb order for entering or exiting the maze for MODERATE or SHY temperament classification. Ewe lambs for both stimuli engaged in a passive coping style (77.8%). In conclusion, ewe lambs, regardless of temperament, did not react negatively to a novel stimuli. Furthermore, experience to the maze did not affect entrance and exit order and all ewe lambs navigated the maze in less than 15-seconds over all trial days. We predict that this behavioral reactivity would enable producers to handle ewe lambs effectively in a handling system for necessary husbandry practices without undue animal welfare issues. Introduction Fear, anxiety, and stress are affective states observed in cattle, swine, poultry, and sheep. An animal can react in three ways when placed in a novel or unfamiliar environment: 1) fear, 2) flight or 3) freeze. Animal fear can be tested using many methodologies. These methodologies can differ to include, for example, the number of animals being tested, the type of testing arena and the novel stimuli used. During fear tests, behavior is often measured to determine how fearful a prescribed set of circumstances are. Primary behavioral indicators of fear include active defense reactions such as attack and threaten, active avoidance reactions such as hiding and escaping, and movement inhibition. Activity level often is dependent on the emotional intensity of the threat. During a low threat, such as those presented by fear tests, increased activity has been concluded to indicate a fearful animal. Sheep are flock a","PeriodicalId":7812,"journal":{"name":"Animal Industry Report","volume":"12 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79017542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.31274/ANS_AIR-180814-299
Q. Dong, J. Lunney, Elyn Fritz-Waters, Y. Nguyen, B. Rowland, A. Hess, J. Reecy, J. Dekkers
{"title":"The Effect of PRRS Viral Level and Isolate on Tonsil Gene Expression","authors":"Q. Dong, J. Lunney, Elyn Fritz-Waters, Y. Nguyen, B. Rowland, A. Hess, J. Reecy, J. Dekkers","doi":"10.31274/ANS_AIR-180814-299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31274/ANS_AIR-180814-299","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7812,"journal":{"name":"Animal Industry Report","volume":"163 1","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75144748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.31274/ANS_AIR-180814-325
P. Lammers, D. Stender, Chris Beedle, M. Honeyman
{"title":"Growth and Carcass Characteristics of Market Pigs Fed Reduced Lysine Diets in Bedded Hoop Barns","authors":"P. Lammers, D. Stender, Chris Beedle, M. Honeyman","doi":"10.31274/ANS_AIR-180814-325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31274/ANS_AIR-180814-325","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7812,"journal":{"name":"Animal Industry Report","volume":"14 1","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75659999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.31274/ANS_AIR-180814-324
Jibin Zhang, M. Kaiser, Melissa S. Herrmann, R. Gallardo, D. Bunn, T. Kelly, J. Dekkers, Huaijun Zhou, S. Lamont
Recommended Citation Zhang, Jibin; Kaiser, Michael G.; Herrmann, Melissa S.; Gallardo, Rodrigo A.; Bunn, David A.; Kelly, Terra R.; Dekkers, Jack C. M.; Zhou, Huaijun; and Lamont, Susan J. (2017) "Different Genetic Resistance Resulted in Distinct Response to Newcastle Disease Virus," Animal Industry Report: AS 663, ASL R3178. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-324 Available at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ans_air/vol663/iss1/51
张吉斌;凯泽，迈克尔·g;赫尔曼，梅丽莎s;Gallardo, Rodrigo A.;David A. Bunn;泰拉·r·凯利;杰克·c·m·德克斯;周,Huaijun;苏珊·j·拉蒙特(2017)不同的遗传抗性导致对新城疫病毒的不同反应，动物产业报告:AS 663, ASL R3178。DOI: https://doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-324可在:https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ans_air/vol663/iss1/51
{"title":"Different Genetic Resistance Resulted in Distinct Response to Newcastle Disease Virus","authors":"Jibin Zhang, M. Kaiser, Melissa S. Herrmann, R. Gallardo, D. Bunn, T. Kelly, J. Dekkers, Huaijun Zhou, S. Lamont","doi":"10.31274/ANS_AIR-180814-324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31274/ANS_AIR-180814-324","url":null,"abstract":"Recommended Citation Zhang, Jibin; Kaiser, Michael G.; Herrmann, Melissa S.; Gallardo, Rodrigo A.; Bunn, David A.; Kelly, Terra R.; Dekkers, Jack C. M.; Zhou, Huaijun; and Lamont, Susan J. (2017) \"Different Genetic Resistance Resulted in Distinct Response to Newcastle Disease Virus,\" Animal Industry Report: AS 663, ASL R3178. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-324 Available at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ans_air/vol663/iss1/51","PeriodicalId":7812,"journal":{"name":"Animal Industry Report","volume":"72 1","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91287954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.31274/ANS_AIR-180814-537
B. Stokes, J. Russell, P. Gunn, L. Schulz
An ongoing two-year trial is being conducted to evaluate the effects of three different methods of initiating forage stockpiling on the quality and mass of forage available over the winter months (October through January). Methods of initiating stockpiling were spring strip-grazing, summer strip-grazing, and summer hay harvest. Forage mass, nutritional, and weather data were input into a ration balancing program with supplemental feed provided to maintain a body condition score (BCS) of five throughout the winter for fall-calving beef cows. Partial budget models were used to evaluate costs associated with the different treatment methods and compared to a standard winter hay feeding regime in a drylot scenario. Spring strip-grazing generated the greatest stockpiled forage mass compared to all other treatments, but also had the lowest dry matter digestibility across sampling dates. There were no differences in crude protein (CP) content among different methods of initiation. The carrying capacity of drylot models was greatest but did not differ between stockpiling models. There was a tendency for drylot models to incur greater total costs ($/ac) than stockpile models. There were no statistical differences in total cost ($/ac) between models using stockpiled forage grazing by different methods of initiation and no statistical differences in gross ($/hd/d) or net ($/hd/d) costs across treatments. While spring strip-grazing resulted in greater forage mass, the quality of this forage was lower than summer treatments. With similar costs, the lower yields from summer stockpiling models (strip-grazing or hay harvest) could be compensated for by the higher nutritional quality of the forage.
{"title":"Progress Report: Effect of Stockpiling Initiation Method on Winter Forage Yield and Quality of Midwestern Cool-season Grass Pastures for Fall-calving Beef Cows","authors":"B. Stokes, J. Russell, P. Gunn, L. Schulz","doi":"10.31274/ANS_AIR-180814-537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31274/ANS_AIR-180814-537","url":null,"abstract":"An ongoing two-year trial is being conducted to evaluate the effects of three different methods of initiating forage stockpiling on the quality and mass of forage available over the winter months (October through January). Methods of initiating stockpiling were spring strip-grazing, summer strip-grazing, and summer hay harvest. Forage mass, nutritional, and weather data were input into a ration balancing program with supplemental feed provided to maintain a body condition score (BCS) of five throughout the winter for fall-calving beef cows. Partial budget models were used to evaluate costs associated with the different treatment methods and compared to a standard winter hay feeding regime in a drylot scenario. Spring strip-grazing generated the greatest stockpiled forage mass compared to all other treatments, but also had the lowest dry matter digestibility across sampling dates. There were no differences in crude protein (CP) content among different methods of initiation. The carrying capacity of drylot models was greatest but did not differ between stockpiling models. There was a tendency for drylot models to incur greater total costs ($/ac) than stockpile models. There were no statistical differences in total cost ($/ac) between models using stockpiled forage grazing by different methods of initiation and no statistical differences in gross ($/hd/d) or net ($/hd/d) costs across treatments. While spring strip-grazing resulted in greater forage mass, the quality of this forage was lower than summer treatments. With similar costs, the lower yields from summer stockpiling models (strip-grazing or hay harvest) could be compensated for by the higher nutritional quality of the forage.","PeriodicalId":7812,"journal":{"name":"Animal Industry Report","volume":"33 1","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89862634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.31274/ans_air-180814-383
J. Juarez, L. Timms
{"title":"Comparisonof an Experimental Teat Sealant vs. Commercial Dry Period Barrier Teat Sealant Dipon Teat Coverage Persistency and Teat Health","authors":"J. Juarez, L. Timms","doi":"10.31274/ans_air-180814-383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-383","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7812,"journal":{"name":"Animal Industry Report","volume":"35 4 1","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82645499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.31274/ans_air-180814-356
K. Rowland, Huaijun Zhou, R. Gallardo, T. Kelly, J. Dekkers, S. Lamont
Recommended Citation Rowland, Kaylee; Zhou, Huaijun; Gallardo, Rodrigo; Kelly, Terra; Dekkers, Jack; and Lamont, Susan J. (2017) "Commercial Layer-type Chickens and Newcastle Disease Virus Infection:Toward Genetic Selection of More Resilient Chickens," Animal Industry Report: AS 663, ASL R3177. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-356 Available at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ans_air/vol663/iss1/50
罗兰，凯莉;周,Huaijun;盖拉多,罗德里戈;凯利,Terra;Dekkers,杰克;苏珊·j·拉蒙特(2017)“商业蛋鸡和新城疫病病毒感染:向更有弹性的鸡的遗传选择”，动物产业报告:AS 663, ASL R3177。DOI: https://doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-356可在:https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ans_air/vol663/iss1/50
{"title":"Commercial Layer-type Chickens and Newcastle Disease Virus Infection:Toward Genetic Selection of More Resilient Chickens","authors":"K. Rowland, Huaijun Zhou, R. Gallardo, T. Kelly, J. Dekkers, S. Lamont","doi":"10.31274/ans_air-180814-356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-356","url":null,"abstract":"Recommended Citation Rowland, Kaylee; Zhou, Huaijun; Gallardo, Rodrigo; Kelly, Terra; Dekkers, Jack; and Lamont, Susan J. (2017) \"Commercial Layer-type Chickens and Newcastle Disease Virus Infection:Toward Genetic Selection of More Resilient Chickens,\" Animal Industry Report: AS 663, ASL R3177. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-356 Available at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ans_air/vol663/iss1/50","PeriodicalId":7812,"journal":{"name":"Animal Industry Report","volume":"20 1","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80325589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.31274/ANS_AIR-180814-343
Melissa S. Herrmann, R. Gallardo, D. Bunn, T. Kelly, J. Dekkers
Sequencing technology allows us tosee how the gene expression of each genechanges under different treatment conditions. In this study, chicks of two inbred lines were challenged with Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), a pathogen with devastating impacts on poultry throughout the world. At each of the three time points post-infection, one-third of the chicks were sacraficed and their lungs were harvested. When comparing males and females infected with NDV, differences in gene expression that were predicted to impact growth and apoptosis were identified. Differences between the response of males and females to viral challenges could be useful information for production operations. The interaction between production traits and immune related traits require further study.
{"title":"Does Gener Impact the Immune Response of Chicks","authors":"Melissa S. Herrmann, R. Gallardo, D. Bunn, T. Kelly, J. Dekkers","doi":"10.31274/ANS_AIR-180814-343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31274/ANS_AIR-180814-343","url":null,"abstract":"Sequencing technology allows us tosee how the gene expression of each genechanges under different treatment conditions. In this study, chicks of two inbred lines were challenged with Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), a pathogen with devastating impacts on poultry throughout the world. At each of the three time points post-infection, one-third of the chicks were sacraficed and their lungs were harvested. When comparing males and females infected with NDV, differences in gene expression that were predicted to impact growth and apoptosis were identified. Differences between the response of males and females to viral challenges could be useful information for production operations. The interaction between production traits and immune related traits require further study.","PeriodicalId":7812,"journal":{"name":"Animal Industry Report","volume":"109 1","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76233519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.31274/ANS_AIR-180814-386
Brian J. Lang, K. Pecinovsky
{"title":"Five-Year Summary of Foliar Fungicides for Alfalfa Production","authors":"Brian J. Lang, K. Pecinovsky","doi":"10.31274/ANS_AIR-180814-386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31274/ANS_AIR-180814-386","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7812,"journal":{"name":"Animal Industry Report","volume":"46 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87814653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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