A. U. Rehman, M. T. Javed, I. Ahmed, Muhammad Adnan Saeed, S. Ehtisham-Ul-Haque, Muhammad Kamran Rafique, A. Sikandar, Amar Nasir, Latif Ahmad, Muhammad Kashif, M. Zeeshan
Objective To investigate the prevalence of paratuberculosis in cattle and buffaloes at twelve public dairy farms in Punjab, Pakistan. Methods A total of 2181 more than two-year-old animals (1242 cattle and 939 buffaloes) were tested by avian tuberculin, i.e., killed purified protein derivative (PPD) of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis and indirect ELISA. Blood and fecal samples were collected from tuberculin positive animals. These samples were further processed by indirect ELISA. The data were analyzed using frequency analysis and logistic analysis procedures. Results The prevalence of paratuberculosis at public dairy farms was 3.8%, as determined by tuberculin + ELISA test. It varied from 0.71-13.5% with a 100% herd prevalence. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that species, milk production, total animals, total small ruminants, and total buffaloes were significantly associated with the occurrence of paratuberculosis. Odd ratio analysis revealed that with a one-kilogram increase in body weight, there will be a 0.006% increase in disease occurrence. With the increase in one animal in small ruminants and buffaloes, there will be 0.008% and 0.42% greater chances of developing paratuberculosis, respectively. Bivariate logistic regression analysis of cattle and buffaloes revealed that farm number, age, and total number of cattle were significantly associated with the occurrence of paratuberculosis. A one-month increase in lactation length increases the chance of tuberculosis by 0.004%; similarly, a one-liter increase in milk production increases the chance of disease by 10%. With each additional buffalo in the herd, there will be a 0.007% greater chance for the occurrence of paratuberculosis. Conclusion This study concluded that tuberculin testing can be used in conjunction with ELISA to screen animals for paratuberculosis in countries with scarce resources, such as Pakistan. The efficacy of disease diagnosis can be improved by combining multiple tests.
{"title":"Serological and epidemiological investigation of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in bovines in Pakistan.","authors":"A. U. Rehman, M. T. Javed, I. Ahmed, Muhammad Adnan Saeed, S. Ehtisham-Ul-Haque, Muhammad Kamran Rafique, A. Sikandar, Amar Nasir, Latif Ahmad, Muhammad Kashif, M. Zeeshan","doi":"10.5713/ab.23.0532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.23.0532","url":null,"abstract":"Objective\u0000To investigate the prevalence of paratuberculosis in cattle and buffaloes at twelve public dairy farms in Punjab, Pakistan.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000A total of 2181 more than two-year-old animals (1242 cattle and 939 buffaloes) were tested by avian tuberculin, i.e., killed purified protein derivative (PPD) of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis and indirect ELISA. Blood and fecal samples were collected from tuberculin positive animals. These samples were further processed by indirect ELISA. The data were analyzed using frequency analysis and logistic analysis procedures.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000The prevalence of paratuberculosis at public dairy farms was 3.8%, as determined by tuberculin + ELISA test. It varied from 0.71-13.5% with a 100% herd prevalence. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that species, milk production, total animals, total small ruminants, and total buffaloes were significantly associated with the occurrence of paratuberculosis. Odd ratio analysis revealed that with a one-kilogram increase in body weight, there will be a 0.006% increase in disease occurrence. With the increase in one animal in small ruminants and buffaloes, there will be 0.008% and 0.42% greater chances of developing paratuberculosis, respectively. Bivariate logistic regression analysis of cattle and buffaloes revealed that farm number, age, and total number of cattle were significantly associated with the occurrence of paratuberculosis. A one-month increase in lactation length increases the chance of tuberculosis by 0.004%; similarly, a one-liter increase in milk production increases the chance of disease by 10%. With each additional buffalo in the herd, there will be a 0.007% greater chance for the occurrence of paratuberculosis.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000This study concluded that tuberculin testing can be used in conjunction with ELISA to screen animals for paratuberculosis in countries with scarce resources, such as Pakistan. The efficacy of disease diagnosis can be improved by combining multiple tests.","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140654938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jun Sik Woo, Gyeong Rim Ryu, Jeong Hoon Kim, Sun Sik Jang, Hong Gu Lee, K. Park
Objective This study aimed to determine the effects of increasing energy and protein levels in diets by including protected fat (PF), glycerol (GL), and soybean meal (SBM) on growth performance, physiological parameters, carcass characteristics, and behavioral measurements of late-fattening Hanwoo steers under heat stress conditions. Methods Thirty-six steers (initial BW, 724.9 ± 58.3 kg; age, 25.5 ± 0.4 month) were assigned into Control (TDN 76%, CP 15%), PF (TDN 83.6%, CP 15%), PF+GL (TDN 83.6%, CP 15%) and PF+GL+SBM (TDN 83.6%, CP 16.5%) by randomized complete block design for a total of 16 weeks with division of 4 week periods. The average temperature-humidity index was 87.0 (1st period; Severe), 82.8 (2nd; Moderate), 71.4 (3rd; Comfort), and 68.1 (4th; Comfort). Results The DMI showed no treatments differences during the whole experiment. However, DMI in 1st and 2nd period decreased by approximately 30% and 10% compared to 4th period, respectively. Higher ADG and FCR were noted for treatments compared to Control at both 1st and 2nd period (p<0.05). There were no treatment effects on rectal temperature (RT), cortisol, and behaviors during the entire experiment. However, both RT and cortisol in 0, 1st and 2nd period were higher than those of 3rd and 4th period (p<0.05). Carcass yield and grade remained unaffected by increasing TDN and CP levels. Behavioral changes in the hot season (1st period) included reduced lying (43%), increased standing (48%), decreased walking (62%), and decreased eating (38%) (p<0.05), with an increase in drinking by 54%. Rumination during standing was 53% higher, while rumination during lying was about 33% lower compared to the post-hot season (3rd period) (p<0.05). Conclusion Dietary supplementation of protected fat in late-fattening Hanwoo steers under heat stress had a positive effect on preventing a reduction in performance.
{"title":"Dietary effects of protected fat, glycerol, and soybean meal on performance, physiological parameters, carcass characteristics, and behavioral measurements of late-fattening Hanwoo steers under heat stress conditions.","authors":"Jun Sik Woo, Gyeong Rim Ryu, Jeong Hoon Kim, Sun Sik Jang, Hong Gu Lee, K. Park","doi":"10.5713/ab.23.0503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.23.0503","url":null,"abstract":"Objective\u0000This study aimed to determine the effects of increasing energy and protein levels in diets by including protected fat (PF), glycerol (GL), and soybean meal (SBM) on growth performance, physiological parameters, carcass characteristics, and behavioral measurements of late-fattening Hanwoo steers under heat stress conditions.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000Thirty-six steers (initial BW, 724.9 ± 58.3 kg; age, 25.5 ± 0.4 month) were assigned into Control (TDN 76%, CP 15%), PF (TDN 83.6%, CP 15%), PF+GL (TDN 83.6%, CP 15%) and PF+GL+SBM (TDN 83.6%, CP 16.5%) by randomized complete block design for a total of 16 weeks with division of 4 week periods. The average temperature-humidity index was 87.0 (1st period; Severe), 82.8 (2nd; Moderate), 71.4 (3rd; Comfort), and 68.1 (4th; Comfort).\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000The DMI showed no treatments differences during the whole experiment. However, DMI in 1st and 2nd period decreased by approximately 30% and 10% compared to 4th period, respectively. Higher ADG and FCR were noted for treatments compared to Control at both 1st and 2nd period (p<0.05). There were no treatment effects on rectal temperature (RT), cortisol, and behaviors during the entire experiment. However, both RT and cortisol in 0, 1st and 2nd period were higher than those of 3rd and 4th period (p<0.05). Carcass yield and grade remained unaffected by increasing TDN and CP levels. Behavioral changes in the hot season (1st period) included reduced lying (43%), increased standing (48%), decreased walking (62%), and decreased eating (38%) (p<0.05), with an increase in drinking by 54%. Rumination during standing was 53% higher, while rumination during lying was about 33% lower compared to the post-hot season (3rd period) (p<0.05).\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000Dietary supplementation of protected fat in late-fattening Hanwoo steers under heat stress had a positive effect on preventing a reduction in performance.","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140655543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hyunjin Cho, Kyewon Kang, Hamin Kang, Seoyoung Jeon, Mingyung Lee, Eunkyu Park, Seokman Hong, S. Seo
Objective This study investigated the repeatability of feed efficiency and its association with carcass traits in Hanwoo steers during the entire growing and fattening periods. Methods The growth and intake of thirty-six Hanwoo steers (259 ± 19.7 kg; nine months) were monitored throughout five periods, including two growing periods (GP) and three fattening periods (FP). The steers were fed two types of concentrate mixes with varying nutrient compositions until they reached a target weight of 800 kg for slaughter. For each period, steers were categorized into three classes based on their feed efficiency rankings using residual feed intake (RFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Feed efficiency repeatability was assessed using the Spearman correlation coefficient, decomposition of random errors, and the Theil segregation index (TSI). The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between feed efficiency and carcass traits. Results The results demonstrated a significant and high correlation with RFI, but not FCR, during the growing or fattening stages (r > 0.5; P < 0.01). When steers were classified according to their feed efficiency rankings, 58% of the animals in the high RFI class (low efficient) initially (GP 1) remained in the same class by the last period (FP 3), whereas steers were randomly distributed based on FCR. The repeatability, assessed by the decomposition of random errors, was higher for RFI (0.61) than for FCR (0.15). The TSI also indicated that RFI rankings, rather than FCR rankings, are more likely to be maintained. Moreover, a weak association was observed between feed efficiency and carcass traits. Conclusion In conclusion, RFI repeatability throughout the growing and fattening periods surpassed that of the FCR, with steers classified as high RFI during the GP more likely to remain in the same class during the FP. Feed efficiency was weakly correlated with carcass traits.
{"title":"Repeatability of feed efficiency and its relationship with carcass traits in Hanwoo steers during their entire growing and fattening period.","authors":"Hyunjin Cho, Kyewon Kang, Hamin Kang, Seoyoung Jeon, Mingyung Lee, Eunkyu Park, Seokman Hong, S. Seo","doi":"10.5713/ab.24.0074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.24.0074","url":null,"abstract":"Objective\u0000This study investigated the repeatability of feed efficiency and its association with carcass traits in Hanwoo steers during the entire growing and fattening periods.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000The growth and intake of thirty-six Hanwoo steers (259 ± 19.7 kg; nine months) were monitored throughout five periods, including two growing periods (GP) and three fattening periods (FP). The steers were fed two types of concentrate mixes with varying nutrient compositions until they reached a target weight of 800 kg for slaughter. For each period, steers were categorized into three classes based on their feed efficiency rankings using residual feed intake (RFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Feed efficiency repeatability was assessed using the Spearman correlation coefficient, decomposition of random errors, and the Theil segregation index (TSI). The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between feed efficiency and carcass traits.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000The results demonstrated a significant and high correlation with RFI, but not FCR, during the growing or fattening stages (r > 0.5; P < 0.01). When steers were classified according to their feed efficiency rankings, 58% of the animals in the high RFI class (low efficient) initially (GP 1) remained in the same class by the last period (FP 3), whereas steers were randomly distributed based on FCR. The repeatability, assessed by the decomposition of random errors, was higher for RFI (0.61) than for FCR (0.15). The TSI also indicated that RFI rankings, rather than FCR rankings, are more likely to be maintained. Moreover, a weak association was observed between feed efficiency and carcass traits.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000In conclusion, RFI repeatability throughout the growing and fattening periods surpassed that of the FCR, with steers classified as high RFI during the GP more likely to remain in the same class during the FP. Feed efficiency was weakly correlated with carcass traits.","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140658447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Praew Thiengpimol, S. Koonawootrittriron, T. Suwanasopee
Objective Litter size and piglet loss at birth significantly impact piglet production and are closely associated with sow parity. Understanding how these traits vary across different parities is crucial for effective herd management. This study investigates the patterns of the number of born alive piglets (NBA), number of piglet losses (NPL), and the proportion of piglet losses (PPL) at birth in Landrace sows under tropical conditions. Additionally, it aims to identify the most suitable model for describing these patterns. Methods A dataset comprising 2,322 consecutive reproductive records from 258 Landrace sows, spanning parities from 1 to 9, was analyzed. Modeling approaches including 2nd and 3rd degree polynomial models, the Wood gamma function, and a longitudinal model were applied at the individual level to predict NBA, NPL, and PPL. The choice of the best-fitting model was determined based on the lowest mean and standard deviation of the difference between predicted and actual values, Akaike information criterion (AIC), and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). Results Sow parity significantly influenced NBA, NPL, and PPL (p<0.0001). NBA increased until the 4th parity and then declined. In contrast, NPL and PPL decreased until the 2nd parity and then steadily increased until the 8th parity. The 2nd and 3rd degree polynomials, and longitudinal models showed no significant differences in predicting NBA, NPL, and PPL (p>0.05). The 3rd degree polynomial model had the lowest prediction standard deviation and yielded the smallest AIC and BIC. Conclusion The 3rd degree polynomial model offers the most suitable description of NBA, NPL, and PPL patterns. It holds promise for applications in genetic evaluations to enhance litter size and reduce piglet loss at birth in sows. These findings highlight the importance of accounting for sow parity effects in swine breeding programs, particularly in tropical conditions, to optimize piglet production and sow performance.
{"title":"Assessing reproductive performance and predictive models for litter size in Landrace sows under tropical conditions.","authors":"Praew Thiengpimol, S. Koonawootrittriron, T. Suwanasopee","doi":"10.5713/ab.23.0406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.23.0406","url":null,"abstract":"Objective\u0000Litter size and piglet loss at birth significantly impact piglet production and are closely associated with sow parity. Understanding how these traits vary across different parities is crucial for effective herd management. This study investigates the patterns of the number of born alive piglets (NBA), number of piglet losses (NPL), and the proportion of piglet losses (PPL) at birth in Landrace sows under tropical conditions. Additionally, it aims to identify the most suitable model for describing these patterns.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000A dataset comprising 2,322 consecutive reproductive records from 258 Landrace sows, spanning parities from 1 to 9, was analyzed. Modeling approaches including 2nd and 3rd degree polynomial models, the Wood gamma function, and a longitudinal model were applied at the individual level to predict NBA, NPL, and PPL. The choice of the best-fitting model was determined based on the lowest mean and standard deviation of the difference between predicted and actual values, Akaike information criterion (AIC), and Bayesian information criterion (BIC).\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000Sow parity significantly influenced NBA, NPL, and PPL (p<0.0001). NBA increased until the 4th parity and then declined. In contrast, NPL and PPL decreased until the 2nd parity and then steadily increased until the 8th parity. The 2nd and 3rd degree polynomials, and longitudinal models showed no significant differences in predicting NBA, NPL, and PPL (p>0.05). The 3rd degree polynomial model had the lowest prediction standard deviation and yielded the smallest AIC and BIC.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000The 3rd degree polynomial model offers the most suitable description of NBA, NPL, and PPL patterns. It holds promise for applications in genetic evaluations to enhance litter size and reduce piglet loss at birth in sows. These findings highlight the importance of accounting for sow parity effects in swine breeding programs, particularly in tropical conditions, to optimize piglet production and sow performance.","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140655106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qian Fan, Yini Xu, Yingping Xiao, Caimei Yang, W. Lyu, Hua Yang
Objective Enterotypes (ETs) are the clustering of gut microbial community structures, which could serve as indicators of growth performance and carcass traits. However, ETs have been sparsely investigated in waterfowl. The objective of this study was to identify the ileal ETs and explore the correlation of the ETs with growth performance and carcass traits in Muscovy ducks. Methods A total of 200 Muscovy ducks were randomly selected from a population of 5,000 ducks at 70-day old, weighed and slaughtered. The growth performance and carcass traits, including body weight, dressed weight and evidenced weight, dressed percentage, percentage of apparent yield, breast muscle weight, leg muscle weight, percentage of leg muscle and percentage of breast muscle, were determined. The contents of ileum were collected for the isolation of DNA and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The ETs were identified based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing data and the correlation of the ETs with growth performance and carcass traits was performed by Spearman correlation analysis. Results Three ETs (ET1, ET2, and ET3) were observed in the ileal microbiota of Muscovy ducks with significant differences in number of features and α-diversity among these ETs (P < 0.05). Streptococcus, Candida Arthritis, and Bacteroidetes were the presentative genus in ET1 to ET3, respectively. Correlation analysis revealed that Lactococcus and Bradyrhizobium were significantly correlated with percentage of eviscerated yield and leg muscle weight (P < 0.05) while ETs were found to have a close association with percentage of eviscerated yield, leg muscle weight, and percentage of leg muscle in Muscovy ducks. However, the growth performance of ducks with different ETs did not show significant difference (P > 0.05). Lactococcus were found to be significantly correlated with leg muscle weight, dressed weight, and percentage of eviscerated yield. Conclusion Our findings revealed a substantial variation in carcass traits associated with enterotypes in Muscovy ducks. It is implied that ETs might have the potential to serve as a valuable biomarker for assessing duck carcass traits. It would provide novel insights into the interaction of gut microbiota with growth performance and carcass traits of ducks.
{"title":"Linking growth performance and carcass traits with enterotypes in Muscovy ducks.","authors":"Qian Fan, Yini Xu, Yingping Xiao, Caimei Yang, W. Lyu, Hua Yang","doi":"10.5713/ab.23.0482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.23.0482","url":null,"abstract":"Objective\u0000Enterotypes (ETs) are the clustering of gut microbial community structures, which could serve as indicators of growth performance and carcass traits. However, ETs have been sparsely investigated in waterfowl. The objective of this study was to identify the ileal ETs and explore the correlation of the ETs with growth performance and carcass traits in Muscovy ducks.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000A total of 200 Muscovy ducks were randomly selected from a population of 5,000 ducks at 70-day old, weighed and slaughtered. The growth performance and carcass traits, including body weight, dressed weight and evidenced weight, dressed percentage, percentage of apparent yield, breast muscle weight, leg muscle weight, percentage of leg muscle and percentage of breast muscle, were determined. The contents of ileum were collected for the isolation of DNA and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The ETs were identified based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing data and the correlation of the ETs with growth performance and carcass traits was performed by Spearman correlation analysis.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000Three ETs (ET1, ET2, and ET3) were observed in the ileal microbiota of Muscovy ducks with significant differences in number of features and α-diversity among these ETs (P < 0.05). Streptococcus, Candida Arthritis, and Bacteroidetes were the presentative genus in ET1 to ET3, respectively. Correlation analysis revealed that Lactococcus and Bradyrhizobium were significantly correlated with percentage of eviscerated yield and leg muscle weight (P < 0.05) while ETs were found to have a close association with percentage of eviscerated yield, leg muscle weight, and percentage of leg muscle in Muscovy ducks. However, the growth performance of ducks with different ETs did not show significant difference (P > 0.05). Lactococcus were found to be significantly correlated with leg muscle weight, dressed weight, and percentage of eviscerated yield.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000Our findings revealed a substantial variation in carcass traits associated with enterotypes in Muscovy ducks. It is implied that ETs might have the potential to serve as a valuable biomarker for assessing duck carcass traits. It would provide novel insights into the interaction of gut microbiota with growth performance and carcass traits of ducks.","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140656526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. P. Munyaneza, Min-Jung Kim, E. Cho, Aera Jang, H. Choo, Jun Heon Lee
Objective Carnosine and anserine affect the meat flavor. The contents of carnosine and anserine in meat are affected by genetic and environmental factors. This study aimed to discover the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the HNMT and HNMT-like genes and to associate them with the content of carnosine and anserine in Korean native chicken-red brown line (KNC-R ). Methods This study used a total of 384 birds (males, n=192; females, n=192) aged 10 weeks old, for genotyping HNMT and HNMT-like genes. One synonymous SNP (rs29009298C/T) of the HNMT gene was genotyped by PCR-RFLP methods whereas four missense SNPs (rs734406537G/A; rs736514667A/G; rs15881680G/A and rs316765035T/C) of the HNMT gene, and one missense SNP rs737657949A/C of the HNMT-like gene were genotyped by PACE genotyping technology. Two-way ANOVA of the R program was used to associate HNMT genotypes with the contents of carnosine and anserine in KNC- R chickens. Results There were significant associations (p<0.05) between the genotypes of the synonymous SNP:rs29009298C/T, missense SNP rs736514667A/G of the HNMT gene and the content of carnosine in KNC-Rs. This study also reported the sex effect on the carnosine content, where females had more content of carnosine compared to that of male KNC-R. Conclusion Two SNPs (synonymous: rs735769522C/T) and missense: rs736514667A/G) in the HNMT gene might be used as genetic markers in the selection and breeding of chickens with better taste and high-flavored meat.
{"title":"Association of HNMT gene polymorphisms with carnosine content in red-brown Korean native chickens.","authors":"J. P. Munyaneza, Min-Jung Kim, E. Cho, Aera Jang, H. Choo, Jun Heon Lee","doi":"10.5713/ab.23.0552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.23.0552","url":null,"abstract":"Objective\u0000Carnosine and anserine affect the meat flavor. The contents of carnosine and anserine in meat are affected by genetic and environmental factors. This study aimed to discover the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the HNMT and HNMT-like genes and to associate them with the content of carnosine and anserine in Korean native chicken-red brown line (KNC-R ).\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000This study used a total of 384 birds (males, n=192; females, n=192) aged 10 weeks old, for genotyping HNMT and HNMT-like genes. One synonymous SNP (rs29009298C/T) of the HNMT gene was genotyped by PCR-RFLP methods whereas four missense SNPs (rs734406537G/A; rs736514667A/G; rs15881680G/A and rs316765035T/C) of the HNMT gene, and one missense SNP rs737657949A/C of the HNMT-like gene were genotyped by PACE genotyping technology. Two-way ANOVA of the R program was used to associate HNMT genotypes with the contents of carnosine and anserine in KNC- R chickens.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000There were significant associations (p<0.05) between the genotypes of the synonymous SNP:rs29009298C/T, missense SNP rs736514667A/G of the HNMT gene and the content of carnosine in KNC-Rs. This study also reported the sex effect on the carnosine content, where females had more content of carnosine compared to that of male KNC-R.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000Two SNPs (synonymous: rs735769522C/T) and missense: rs736514667A/G) in the HNMT gene might be used as genetic markers in the selection and breeding of chickens with better taste and high-flavored meat.","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140654628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Wasim Usmani, F. Rizvi, M. Saleemi, Muhammad Zishan Ahmad, Muhammad Numan, Muhammad Zulqarnain Shakir, Nasir Mahmood, Jahanzeb Tahir
Objective This study aims to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of coconut oil extract (COE) in broilers experimentally infected with velogenic Newcastle disease virus (vNDV). Methods A total of 150 broiler birds (day-old) were equally divided into five study groups i.e., negative control, positive control, COE-1, COE-2, and COE-3. On day 10, broilers of groups COE-1, COE-2, and COE-3 were supplemented with 1, 2, and 3 ml of COE respectively per liter of drinking water for 15 days. On day 13, 0.1ml/bird (10-5.25 ELD50) of vNDV was inoculated in broilers of positive control, COE-1, COE-2, and COE-3 groups intramuscularly. During this study, growth performance, morbidity, and mortality rates of each study group were recorded. The antibody titer against NDV was determined on days 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35. The levels of IgY and IgM were also determined on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days post-SRBC inoculation. On day 33, avian tuberculin was injected between the 1st and 2nd toes of the left side (intradermally) to measure lymphoproliferative responses. On day 35, the phagocytic activity in the blood was assessed through a carbon clearance assay by injecting carbon black ink into the right-wing vein. The visceral organs having gross lesions were also collected for histopathology. Results The COE significantly improved the growth performance, and lowered the morbidity and mortality rates of broilers. There was a significant rise in antibody titers against NDV and levels of IgY and IgM antibodies against SRBC in COE-supplemented broilers. The lymphoproliferative response and phagocytic activity were also enhanced. Among COE-supplemented groups, the broilers of the COE-3 group showed a significant increase in growth performance and boosted immune defense. Conclusions Coconut oil extract has the potential to boost the growth performance and immune status of broilers. It can be used effectively as a feed additive and alternative to antibiotics to prevent the spread of infectious poultry pathogens.
{"title":"A study of the immunomodulatory effects of coconut oil extract in broilers experimentally infected with velogenic Newcastle disease virus.","authors":"Muhammad Wasim Usmani, F. Rizvi, M. Saleemi, Muhammad Zishan Ahmad, Muhammad Numan, Muhammad Zulqarnain Shakir, Nasir Mahmood, Jahanzeb Tahir","doi":"10.5713/ab.23.0489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.23.0489","url":null,"abstract":"Objective\u0000This study aims to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of coconut oil extract (COE) in broilers experimentally infected with velogenic Newcastle disease virus (vNDV).\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000A total of 150 broiler birds (day-old) were equally divided into five study groups i.e., negative control, positive control, COE-1, COE-2, and COE-3. On day 10, broilers of groups COE-1, COE-2, and COE-3 were supplemented with 1, 2, and 3 ml of COE respectively per liter of drinking water for 15 days. On day 13, 0.1ml/bird (10-5.25 ELD50) of vNDV was inoculated in broilers of positive control, COE-1, COE-2, and COE-3 groups intramuscularly. During this study, growth performance, morbidity, and mortality rates of each study group were recorded. The antibody titer against NDV was determined on days 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35. The levels of IgY and IgM were also determined on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days post-SRBC inoculation. On day 33, avian tuberculin was injected between the 1st and 2nd toes of the left side (intradermally) to measure lymphoproliferative responses. On day 35, the phagocytic activity in the blood was assessed through a carbon clearance assay by injecting carbon black ink into the right-wing vein. The visceral organs having gross lesions were also collected for histopathology.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000The COE significantly improved the growth performance, and lowered the morbidity and mortality rates of broilers. There was a significant rise in antibody titers against NDV and levels of IgY and IgM antibodies against SRBC in COE-supplemented broilers. The lymphoproliferative response and phagocytic activity were also enhanced. Among COE-supplemented groups, the broilers of the COE-3 group showed a significant increase in growth performance and boosted immune defense.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusions\u0000Coconut oil extract has the potential to boost the growth performance and immune status of broilers. It can be used effectively as a feed additive and alternative to antibiotics to prevent the spread of infectious poultry pathogens.","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140653906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John Kariuki Macharia, Jaewon Kim, Min-Jung Kim, E. Cho, J. P. Munyaneza, Jun Heon Lee
Objective The analysis of runs of homozygosity (ROH) has been applied to assess the level of inbreeding and identify selection signatures in various livestock species. The objectives of this study were to characterize the ROH pattern, estimate the rate of inbreeding, and identify signatures of selection in the red-brown Korean native chickens. Methods The Illumina 60K SNP chip data of 651 chickens was used in the analysis. Runs of homozygosity were analysed using the PLINK v1.9 software. Inbreeding coefficients were estimated using the GCTA software and their correlations were examined. Genomic regions with high levels of ROH were explored to identify selection signatures. Results A total of 32,176 ROH segments were detected in this study. The majority of the ROH segments were shorter than 4 Mb. The average ROH inbreeding coefficients (FROH) varied with the length of ROH segments. The means of inbreeding coefficients calculated from different methods were also variable. The correlations between different inbreeding coefficients were positive and highly variable (r = 0.18 -1). Five ROH islands harbouring important Quantitative trait loci were identified. Conclusion This study assessed the level of inbreeding and patterns of homozygosity in Red-brown native Korean chickens. The results of this study suggest that the level of recent inbreeding is low which indicates substantial progress in the conservation of red-brown Korean native chickens. Additionally, Candidate genomic regions associated with important production traits were detected in homozygous regions.
{"title":"Characterisation of runs of homozygosity and inbreeding coefficients in the red-brown Korean native chickens.","authors":"John Kariuki Macharia, Jaewon Kim, Min-Jung Kim, E. Cho, J. P. Munyaneza, Jun Heon Lee","doi":"10.5713/ab.23.0514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.23.0514","url":null,"abstract":"Objective\u0000The analysis of runs of homozygosity (ROH) has been applied to assess the level of inbreeding and identify selection signatures in various livestock species. The objectives of this study were to characterize the ROH pattern, estimate the rate of inbreeding, and identify signatures of selection in the red-brown Korean native chickens.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000The Illumina 60K SNP chip data of 651 chickens was used in the analysis. Runs of homozygosity were analysed using the PLINK v1.9 software. Inbreeding coefficients were estimated using the GCTA software and their correlations were examined. Genomic regions with high levels of ROH were explored to identify selection signatures.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000A total of 32,176 ROH segments were detected in this study. The majority of the ROH segments were shorter than 4 Mb. The average ROH inbreeding coefficients (FROH) varied with the length of ROH segments. The means of inbreeding coefficients calculated from different methods were also variable. The correlations between different inbreeding coefficients were positive and highly variable (r = 0.18 -1). Five ROH islands harbouring important Quantitative trait loci were identified.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000This study assessed the level of inbreeding and patterns of homozygosity in Red-brown native Korean chickens. The results of this study suggest that the level of recent inbreeding is low which indicates substantial progress in the conservation of red-brown Korean native chickens. Additionally, Candidate genomic regions associated with important production traits were detected in homozygous regions.","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140655327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of VA on the tibial growth, calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) metabolism, VA and vitamin D (VD) deposition, and associated gene expression in goslings. Methods A total of 180 healthy, 1-day-old male goslings were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups (0, 9,000, and 15,000 IU VA/kg), with 6 replicates containing 10 goslings each. They were weighed and sampled on days 14, 28, 42, 56, and 70. Results No addition of VA reduced VA content in the serum and liver of goslings, and supplementation of 15,000 IU/kg VA increased VA content from day 14 (p<0.05). The trend of VA concentration in the serum and liver was in line with the relative mRNA expression of retinoic acid receptor β in the jejunal mucosa. In both no addition of VA and supplementation of 15,000 IU/kg VA reduced 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-VD3) content in the serum and VD content in the liver (p<0.05). From day 28, no addition of VA or supplementation of 15,000 IU/kg VA had a negative effect on tibia length, strength, and Ca, P, and ash content in goslings (p<0.05). Tibia P content was lower in the supplementation of 15,000 IU/kg VA group than in the no addition of VA group (p<0.05). No addition of VA or supplementation of 15,000 IU/kg VA had the most effect on early serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in goslings (p<0.05). The effect of no addition of VA on the bone gla protein (BGP) content of goslings started from day 14 (p<0.05). The relative mRNA expression of BGLAP and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) in the liver and jejunal mucosa was decreased by either no addition of VA or supplementation of 15,000 IU/kg VA (p<0.05). Conclusion Both no addition of VA and supplementation of 15,000 IU/kg VA affected the mineralization process of the bone, and ultimately reduced tibial quality.
方法将180只健康的1日龄雄性雏鹅随机分为3个处理组（0、9,000和15,000 IU VA/kg），6个重复，每组10只。结果不添加 VA 会降低雏鹅血清和肝脏中的 VA 含量，而添加 15,000 IU/kg VA 会从第 14 天起增加 VA 含量（p<0.05）。血清和肝脏中 VA 浓度的变化趋势与空肠黏膜中维甲酸受体 β 的相对 mRNA 表达量一致。在不添加 VA 和补充 15,000 IU/kg VA 的情况下，血清中 25- 羟基胆钙化醇（25-OH-VD3）含量和肝脏中 VD 含量均有所降低（p<0.05）。从第 28 天起，不添加 VA 或补充 15,000 IU/kg VA 对雏鹅的胫骨长度、强度以及钙、磷和灰分含量均有负面影响（p<0.05）。添加 15,000 IU/kg VA 组的胫骨 P 含量低于未添加 VA 组（p<0.05）。不添加 VA 或添加 15,000 IU/kg VA 对雏鹅早期血清甲状旁腺激素（PTH）水平的影响最大（p<0.05）。不添加 VA 对雏鹅骨胶蛋白（BGP）含量的影响从第 14 天开始（p<0.05）。不添加 VA 或添加 15,000 IU/kg VA 都会降低肝脏和空肠粘膜中 BGLAP 和骨形态发生蛋白 4 (BMP4) 的相对 mRNA 表达量（p<0.05）。
{"title":"Effects of dietary supplementation of vitamin A on the tibia quality of goslings.","authors":"Xia Xiao, Haiming Yang, X. Wan, Zhiyue Wang","doi":"10.5713/ab.23.0445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.23.0445","url":null,"abstract":"Objective\u0000This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of VA on the tibial growth, calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) metabolism, VA and vitamin D (VD) deposition, and associated gene expression in goslings.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000A total of 180 healthy, 1-day-old male goslings were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups (0, 9,000, and 15,000 IU VA/kg), with 6 replicates containing 10 goslings each. They were weighed and sampled on days 14, 28, 42, 56, and 70.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000No addition of VA reduced VA content in the serum and liver of goslings, and supplementation of 15,000 IU/kg VA increased VA content from day 14 (p<0.05). The trend of VA concentration in the serum and liver was in line with the relative mRNA expression of retinoic acid receptor β in the jejunal mucosa. In both no addition of VA and supplementation of 15,000 IU/kg VA reduced 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-VD3) content in the serum and VD content in the liver (p<0.05). From day 28, no addition of VA or supplementation of 15,000 IU/kg VA had a negative effect on tibia length, strength, and Ca, P, and ash content in goslings (p<0.05). Tibia P content was lower in the supplementation of 15,000 IU/kg VA group than in the no addition of VA group (p<0.05). No addition of VA or supplementation of 15,000 IU/kg VA had the most effect on early serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in goslings (p<0.05). The effect of no addition of VA on the bone gla protein (BGP) content of goslings started from day 14 (p<0.05). The relative mRNA expression of BGLAP and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) in the liver and jejunal mucosa was decreased by either no addition of VA or supplementation of 15,000 IU/kg VA (p<0.05).\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000Both no addition of VA and supplementation of 15,000 IU/kg VA affected the mineralization process of the bone, and ultimately reduced tibial quality.","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140657005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective There is a strong relationship between the content of beneficial fatty acids in milk and milk fat metabolic activity in the mammary gland. To improve milk quality, it is therefore necessary to study fatty acid metabolism in bovine mammary gland tissue. In adipose tissue, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), the core transcription factor, regulates the fatty acid metabolism gene network and determines fatty acid deposition. However, its regulatory effects on mammary gland fatty acid metabolism during lactation have rarely been reported. Methods Transcriptome sequencing was performed during the prelactation period and the peak lactation period to examine mRNA expression. The significant upregulation of PPARG drew our attention and led us to conduct further research. Results According to bioinformatics prediction, dual-luciferase reporter system detection, qRT‒PCR and Western blotting, miR-130a and miR-130b could directly target PPARG and inhibit its expression. Furthermore, triglyceride and Oil Red O staining proved that miR-130a and miR-130b inhibited milk fat metabolism in BMECs, while PPARG promoted this metabolism. In addition, we also found that the coexpression of miR-130a and miR-130b significantly enhanced their ability to regulate milk fat metabolism. Conclusion In conclusion, our findings indicated that miR-130a and miR-130b could target and repress PPARG and that they also have a functional superposition effect. miR-130a and miR-130b seem to synergistically regulate lipid catabolism via the control of PPARG in BMECs. In the long-term, these findings might be helpful in developing practical means to improve high-quality milk.
{"title":"The cooperative regulatory effect of the miR-130 family on milk fat metabolism in dairy cows.","authors":"Xiaofen Li, Yanni Wu, Xiaozhi Yang, Rui Gao, Qinyue Lu, Xiaoyang Lv, Zhi Chen","doi":"10.5713/ab.23.0485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.23.0485","url":null,"abstract":"Objective\u0000There is a strong relationship between the content of beneficial fatty acids in milk and milk fat metabolic activity in the mammary gland. To improve milk quality, it is therefore necessary to study fatty acid metabolism in bovine mammary gland tissue. In adipose tissue, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), the core transcription factor, regulates the fatty acid metabolism gene network and determines fatty acid deposition. However, its regulatory effects on mammary gland fatty acid metabolism during lactation have rarely been reported.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000Transcriptome sequencing was performed during the prelactation period and the peak lactation period to examine mRNA expression. The significant upregulation of PPARG drew our attention and led us to conduct further research.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000According to bioinformatics prediction, dual-luciferase reporter system detection, qRT‒PCR and Western blotting, miR-130a and miR-130b could directly target PPARG and inhibit its expression. Furthermore, triglyceride and Oil Red O staining proved that miR-130a and miR-130b inhibited milk fat metabolism in BMECs, while PPARG promoted this metabolism. In addition, we also found that the coexpression of miR-130a and miR-130b significantly enhanced their ability to regulate milk fat metabolism.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000In conclusion, our findings indicated that miR-130a and miR-130b could target and repress PPARG and that they also have a functional superposition effect. miR-130a and miR-130b seem to synergistically regulate lipid catabolism via the control of PPARG in BMECs. In the long-term, these findings might be helpful in developing practical means to improve high-quality milk.","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140654694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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