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Spatial and Seasonal Patterns of African Savannah Elephant (Loxodonta africana) Habitat Use in an East African Multiuse Landscape 东非多用途景观中非洲大草原象生境利用的空间和季节格局
IF 1.1 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1111/aje.70105
Muteti Zacharia Mutinda, Lydia Natalie Tiller, George Gatere Ndiritu, Lucy King, Duncan Kimuyu

Understanding the spatial and seasonal distribution of African savannah elephants (Loxodonta africana) is critical for conservation and human–elephant conflict (HEC) mitigation in multiuse landscapes. This study assessed African savannah elephant habitat use around Lake Jipe in southern Kenya, across protected and unprotected areas. Using dung density as an index of African savannah elephant presence, systematic quadrant surveys were conducted in three habitat zones during both wet and dry seasons. Environmental variables, including vegetation structure and forage quality, were also evaluated to explore ecological drivers of distribution. Dung densities were consistently higher in protected areas, suggesting a preference for secure habitats. Fewer dung piles were recorded in the dry season than in the wet season, indicating possible seasonal dispersal. African savannah elephant presence declined with increasing distance from the lake, suggesting a strong attraction to lake-associated habitats. Vegetation structure differed across zones; protected areas supported higher grass cover, while unprotected areas showed greater woody species diversity, likely reflecting varied land use. However, no distinct ecological separation was found between zones, indicating localised or anthropogenic factors may influence habitat use. These findings highlight the ecological importance of both land types and suggest that effective management may benefit from spatially adaptive, seasonally informed strategies.

了解非洲草原象(Loxodonta africana)的空间和季节分布对于在多用途景观中保护和缓解人象冲突(HEC)至关重要。这项研究评估了肯尼亚南部吉普湖周围的非洲大草原大象栖息地的使用情况,包括受保护和不受保护的地区。利用粪便密度作为非洲大草原象存在的指标,在干湿季节对三个栖息地区进行了系统的象限调查。植被结构和牧草质量等环境变量也被评估,以探索分布的生态驱动因素。保护区的粪便密度一直较高,这表明它们更喜欢安全的栖息地。旱季记录的粪堆比雨季少,表明可能存在季节性分散。非洲大草原大象的数量随着离湖距离的增加而减少,这表明它们对湖泊相关栖息地有很强的吸引力。不同带间植被结构存在差异;受保护地区支持较高的草覆盖,而未受保护地区显示出更大的木本物种多样性,可能反映了不同的土地利用方式。然而,在不同地带之间没有发现明显的生态分隔,这表明局部或人为因素可能影响生境的利用。这些发现突出了这两种土地类型的生态重要性,并表明有效的管理可能受益于具有空间适应性和季节性信息的战略。
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引用次数: 0
Estimating the Taxonomic Richness and Functional Structure of Ant Communities in Olive Groves of Kabylia, Algeria 阿尔及利亚卡比利亚橄榄林蚂蚁群落的分类丰富度和功能结构估算
IF 1.1 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1111/aje.70106
Lidya Hamecha, Ghania Barech, Djamila Ali Ahmed, Mourad Khaldi, Enrico Schifani, Rumsais Blatrix, Henri Cagniant

Ants are indicators of habitat disturbance and key providers of ecological services and disservices to agricultural activities. We assessed species richness and functional structure of ant communities in olive groves of the Kabylia region, in northern Algeria. We compared three sampling methods (pitfall traps, hand capture, and bait traps) in four orchards with different elevations. We identified 53 ant species belonging to 17 genera and four subfamilies: Dorylinae, Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Myrmicinae. Species richness varied among orchards from 24 to 30, with species accumulation curves suggesting satisfactory coverage at all sites. Hand capture had the highest success per effort, while baits performed the worst. Overall, Kabylia's olive groves were richer in species than many Mediterranean agricultural and even some natural habitats documented in the literature, revealing relatively high ant diversity. Ants were classified into eight functional groups, with an overall composition comparable to similar studies conducted in southern Europe. Hot Climate Specialists, Generalised Myrmicinae, and Opportunists dominated, highlighting the role of thermal stress on the functional composition of the ant communities in the study sites. Many detected species may contribute to key ecological services, including soil enrichment and biological control of weeds and insects.

蚂蚁是生境干扰的指标,也是农业活动的生态服务和危害的主要提供者。我们评估了阿尔及利亚北部Kabylia地区橄榄园蚂蚁群落的物种丰富度和功能结构。在4个不同海拔的果园中比较了陷阱、手捕和饵捕3种取样方法。共鉴定出53种蚂蚁,隶属于4个亚科17属,分别为:Dorylinae、Dolichoderinae、Formicinae和Myrmicinae。物种丰富度在24 ~ 30个站点之间存在差异,物种积累曲线表明所有站点的覆盖度都很好。手抓的成功率最高,而鱼饵的效果最差。总的来说,Kabylia的橄榄林比许多地中海农业甚至文献中记载的一些自然栖息地的物种更丰富,揭示了相对较高的蚂蚁多样性。蚂蚁被分为八个功能组,其整体组成与在南欧进行的类似研究相当。热气候专门型、广义金蚁科和机会主义者占主导地位,突出了热应激对研究地点蚂蚁群落功能组成的作用。许多检测到的物种可能有助于关键的生态服务,包括土壤富集和杂草和昆虫的生物控制。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding Biodiversity in Togo: Unravelling Species Richness and Distribution Patterns in Tropical Ecosystems 了解多哥的生物多样性:揭示热带生态系统的物种丰富度和分布模式
IF 1.1 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1111/aje.70107
Demirel Maza-esso Bawa, Bilouktime Badjaré, Fousséni Foléga, Liu Weiguo, Jasmina Šinžar-Sekulić, Wala Kperkouma, Batawila Komlan

This study investigates the latitudinal patterns of species richness in tropical forests of Togo, focusing on the roles of species abundance distribution (SAD), total abundance (N) and spatial aggregation (AGG). By analysing biodiversity metrics along a latitudinal gradient, we aim to elucidate the key factors influencing species diversity in this region. Our findings reveal distinct differences between tree and herbaceous species, with tree species exhibiting a positive correlation between richness and total abundance, while herbaceous species show a negative relationship, indicating higher sensitivity to sampling effort. The study highlights the importance of SAD and AGG in shaping biodiversity patterns, with tree species benefiting from a more balanced abundance distribution compared to herbaceous species. Additionally, the research underscores the need for a comprehensive understanding of biodiversity dynamics, considering both ecological and anthropogenic influences. Despite limitations related to geographical scope and sampling methodologies, this study contributes valuable insights into the mechanisms driving biodiversity in tropical ecosystems. The results have significant implications for conservation strategies, emphasising the necessity of preserving diverse habitats to maintain ecological balance and resilience in the face of climate change and human impacts.

本文研究了多哥热带森林物种丰富度的纬向格局,重点研究了物种丰富度分布(SAD)、总丰度(N)和空间聚集度(AGG)对物种丰富度的影响。通过对生物多样性指标的纬度梯度分析,揭示影响该地区物种多样性的关键因素。研究结果表明,树木和草本物种之间存在明显差异,树木物种的丰富度与总丰富度呈正相关,而草本物种的丰富度与总丰富度呈负相关,表明对采样努力的敏感性更高。该研究强调了SAD和AGG在塑造生物多样性模式中的重要性,与草本物种相比,树种受益于更平衡的丰度分布。此外,该研究强调需要全面了解生物多样性动态,同时考虑生态和人为影响。尽管地理范围和采样方法存在局限性,但本研究对热带生态系统生物多样性驱动机制的研究具有重要意义。研究结果对保护策略具有重要意义,强调了在面对气候变化和人类影响时保护多样性栖息地以保持生态平衡和恢复力的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Willingness to Pay for Forest Restoration in Togo: Comparison of Estimates From Choice Experiment, Contingent Valuation and Travel Cost Methods 多哥森林恢复的支付意愿:选择实验、条件评估和旅行成本方法估算的比较
IF 1.1 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1111/aje.70102
Kpanoga Kolombia, Koffi Yovo

Many regions of the world aim to increase their forest cover to sequester carbon, improve biodiversity, reduce soil erosion, or provide more recreational opportunities. To achieve this, several forest restoration programs have been implemented in developing countries. This study examines the willingness to pay (WTP) of Togolese citizens for the afforestation program in Togo, using the choice experiment (CE) method, the contingent valuation (CV) method, and the travel cost (TC) method. The WTP obtained with the TC method is higher than that with the stated preference methods (CE and CV) ($180.77 for TC vs. $2.95 for CE and $58.76 for CV). Additionally, respondents expressed positive WTP for attributes such as carbon sequestration, erosion reduction, biodiversity improvement and the organisation that manages forest policies. Our results contribute to the literature comparing these methods, and our study is the first conducted in Togo to use all three methods in an environmental context.

世界上许多地区的目标是增加森林覆盖,以固碳、改善生物多样性、减少土壤侵蚀或提供更多娱乐机会。为了实现这一目标,在发展中国家实施了几个森林恢复计划。本研究采用选择实验(CE)法、条件评估(CV)法和出行成本(TC)法,考察多哥公民对多哥植树造林计划的支付意愿(WTP)。使用TC方法获得的WTP高于使用陈述偏好方法(CE和CV) (TC为180.77美元,CE为2.95美元,CV为58.76美元)。此外,受访者对碳固存、减少侵蚀、改善生物多样性和管理森林政策的组织等属性表达了积极的WTP。我们的结果有助于比较这些方法的文献,我们的研究是第一次在多哥进行的,在环境背景下使用所有三种方法。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of the False Umbrella Thorn (Vachellia reficiens) on Native Tree Species Composition and Diversity in East African Rangelands 假伞刺对东非草原原生树种组成和多样性的影响
IF 1.1 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1111/aje.70104
Michael S. Mosha, Vedasto G. Ndibalema, Geofrey E. Soka

Invasive species are known to disrupt native biodiversity, altering plant community composition and ecosystem dynamics. This study examined the influence of Vachellia reficiens, an invasive species, on native plant communities in the Maasai rangelands of Tanzania. Ecological data were collected from 40 paired plots (20 invaded and 20 non-invaded) randomly placed across the landscape, with each plot measuring 50 × 50 m and separated by 50 m to control for environmental conditions. In each plot, all vascular tree species were identified and tree stem counts recorded, with elevation included as an environmental parameter. Species composition and diversity were compared between invaded and non-invaded plots using Shannon-Weiner and Simpson diversity indices. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and Bray–Curtis dissimilarity revealed significant differences in species composition between invaded and non-invaded plots (ANOSIM, R = 0.239, p = 0.001). Indicator species analysis identified several native species, such as V. tortilis (p = 0.001), C. Africana (p = 0.002), V. mellifera (p = 0.004) and S. persica (p = 0.007), as significantly associated with non-invaded plots, indicating their vulnerability to invasion. Diversity indices, species richness (p = 0.011), Shannon-Weiner (p = 0.010) and Simpson (p = 0.015) were significantly lower in invaded areas, suggesting reduced diversity. Although elevation had a lesser influence, it slightly improved model fit. The results suggest that V. reficiens reduces spatial heterogeneity; hence, it homogenises plant communities and lowers native species diversity. Management efforts should prioritise controlling the spread of V. reficiens to protect the biodiversity and ecological health of the rangelands.

入侵物种破坏了本地生物多样性,改变了植物群落组成和生态系统动态。本研究考察了入侵物种Vachellia reficiens对坦桑尼亚马赛草原本地植物群落的影响。生态数据收集于40个成对的样地(20个入侵样地和20个非入侵样地),随机放置在整个景观中,每个样地面积为50 × 50 m,间隔50 m以控制环境条件。在每个样地中,鉴定了所有维管树种,记录了树干数量,并将海拔作为环境参数。采用Shannon-Weiner和Simpson多样性指数比较了入侵地和非入侵地的物种组成和多样性。非度量多维尺度(NMDS)和Bray-Curtis差异显示入侵地与非入侵地物种组成差异显著(ANOSIM, R = 0.239, p = 0.001)。指示种分析表明,土生种tortilis (p = 0.001)、C. Africana (p = 0.002)、V. mellifera (p = 0.004)和S. persica (p = 0.007)与未入侵样地呈显著相关,表明其易受入侵。物种多样性指数、物种丰富度(p = 0.011)、Shannon-Weiner指数(p = 0.010)和Simpson指数(p = 0.015)显著降低,表明物种多样性降低。虽然海拔的影响较小,但它略微改善了模型拟合。结果表明:改良弧菌降低了空间异质性;因此,它使植物群落同质化,降低了本地物种的多样性。管理工作应优先控制猪弧菌的传播,以保护牧场的生物多样性和生态健康。
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引用次数: 0
Economic Growth, Governance and Endangered Species Conservation in Africa 非洲的经济增长、治理和濒危物种保护
IF 1.1 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1111/aje.70103
Didier Tatoutchoup, Imbe Ayman Louguet

This study examines how macroeconomic and governance factors affect wildlife conservation in Africa, focusing on three flagship species: the okapi (DRC), African elephant (Kenya) and mountain gorilla (Rwanda). Using reconstructed population data and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), we identify critical thresholds for successful conservation. Results show a U-shaped relationship between GDP per capita and animal populations, with biodiversity recovery only occurring above a specific income threshold. Governance quality exhibits a similar pattern, requiring a minimum level of institutional quality to benefit forest cover and wildlife. Unemployment has substantial negative effects, reducing animal populations both directly (through poaching and mining) and indirectly (via habitat loss). The findings highlight that conservation success depends not only on ecological measures but also on inclusive economic growth, job creation and institutional reform.

本研究考察了宏观经济和治理因素如何影响非洲的野生动物保护,重点关注三个旗舰物种:霍加狓(刚果民主共和国)、非洲象(肯尼亚)和山地大猩猩(卢旺达)。利用重建种群数据和偏最小二乘结构方程模型(PLS-SEM),我们确定了成功保护的临界阈值。结果表明,人均GDP与动物种群之间呈u型关系,生物多样性恢复仅发生在特定的收入阈值以上。治理质量表现出类似的模式,需要最低水平的机构质量才能使森林覆盖和野生动物受益。失业具有重大的负面影响,直接(通过偷猎和采矿)和间接(通过栖息地丧失)减少动物数量。研究结果强调,保护的成功不仅取决于生态措施,还取决于包容性经济增长、创造就业机会和制度改革。
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引用次数: 0
Population Patterns and Environmental Determinants of Warburgia ugandensis (Sprague) in Northern Tanzania 坦桑尼亚北部乌干达瓦布贾种群格局及环境决定因素
IF 1.1 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1111/aje.70101
Letan K. Mollel, Linus K. Munishi, Richard A. Giliba

Warburgia ugandensis is a valuable medicinal tree native to East Africa, yet its populations are declining due to unsustainable harvesting and habitat degradation. Despite its ecological and socio-economic importance, there is limited information on its current population status and the environmental factors shaping its distribution across different landscapes in northern Tanzania. This study assessed the population density and distribution patterns of W. ugandensis across selected mountainous regions (Mt. Kilimanjaro, Mt. Ketumbeine, Mt. Monduli, Mt. Gelai, and Mt. Longido) in northern Tanzania, and determined how these are affected by land use, elevation gradients, and environmental factors. Data collection involved stratified random sampling across elevation ranges (1000–2500 m a.s.l), encompassing diverse land-use types (national parks, forest reserves, croplands, grazing lands, and settlements). Population density significantly varied among land-use types, with forest reserves showing the highest densities (6.485 ± 1.628 stems/ha), significantly higher than grazing lands (1.833 ± 1.369 stems/ha). Elevation positively correlated with density, where the highest elevations (2001–2500 m a.s.l) supported the greatest density (6.937 ± 1.837 stems/ha). GLM analysis highlighted that elevation, temperature, soil organic carbon, soil pH, and nitrogen significantly influenced W. ugandensis densities. Spatial mapping revealed population hotspots around Mt. Kitumbeine and Mt. Kilimanjaro, highlighting these as priority areas for conservation. Management strategies should prioritise high-elevation forest reserves, considering the critical environmental and soil parameters influencing W. ugandensis distribution.

乌干达瓦布贾是一种原产于东非的珍贵药用树,但由于不可持续的采伐和栖息地退化,其种群数量正在下降。尽管其在生态和社会经济方面具有重要意义,但关于其目前的人口状况和影响其在坦桑尼亚北部不同景观中分布的环境因素的信息有限。本研究评估了坦桑尼亚北部特定山区(乞力马扎罗山、克图姆拜因山、蒙杜里山、盖莱山和隆吉多山)乌干达白蚁的种群密度和分布模式,并确定了这些种群密度和分布模式如何受到土地利用、海拔梯度和环境因素的影响。数据收集涉及跨海拔范围(海拔1000-2500米)的分层随机抽样,包括不同的土地利用类型(国家公园、森林保护区、农田、牧场和定居点)。种群密度在不同土地利用类型间差异显著,以森林保护地最高(6.485±1.628茎/ha),显著高于放牧地(1.833±1.369茎/ha)。海拔与密度呈正相关,其中海拔最高(2001 ~ 2500 m a.s.l)的密度最大(6.937±1.837茎/ha)。GLM分析表明,海拔高度、温度、土壤有机碳、土壤pH和氮显著影响乌干达白杨的密度。空间地图显示了基图姆拜因山和乞力马扎罗山周围的种群热点,突出了这些区域作为优先保护区域。管理策略应优先考虑高海拔森林储备,考虑影响乌干达白檀分布的关键环境和土壤参数。
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引用次数: 0
Range Size and Body Size Variation in Afrotropical Montane Millipedes: Test of Ecogeographical Rules 热带山地千足虫的活动范围和体型变化:生态地理规律的检验
IF 1.1 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1111/aje.70100
Mbenoun Masse Paul Serge, Samuel Didier Makon, Woubassi Wuibe Ulrich Sidoine, Bilong Bilong Charles Felix

Several environmental factors influence geographic variation in body size, range size, and distribution of animals along an altitudinal gradient. In this study, we investigated the effects of altitude and temperature on two morphometric characteristics: body length and trunk width. We evaluated also the species distribution and tested several ecogeographical rules in millipede populations collected across three elevation bands (0–400 m, 401–800 m, and 801–1200 m above sea level). Our results revealed a negative correlation between temperature and altitude, with mean body length and mean trunk width of millipede populations exhibiting an increase from lower to higher altitudes, both of which were negatively correlated with temperature. Additionally, many specialist species occurred at higher elevations while generalist species had a broader distribution range. Species richness increased from lower elevations to mid-elevations and peaked at higher elevations. These patterns underscore that both body size and range size increase with elevation, thereby supporting Bergmann and Stevens rules. However, species richness exhibited a more monotonic increase pattern due to higher human activities found at different elevations. These findings suggest that millipede range size and body size are strongly influenced by a complex interplay of biological and environmental factors along elevational gradients within afrotropical montane ecosystems.

几种环境因素影响动物体型、活动范围和沿海拔梯度分布的地理变化。在本研究中,我们研究了海拔和温度对体长和干宽两个形态特征的影响。在海拔0 ~ 400 m、401 ~ 800 m和801 ~ 1200 m 3个海拔带采集的千足虫种群中,我们还对物种分布进行了评估,并测试了几种生态地理规律。结果表明,温度与海拔高度呈负相关关系,千足虫平均体长和平均干宽随海拔高度的增加而增加,两者均与温度呈负相关关系。此外,许多专门种出现在高海拔地区,而通才种分布范围更广。物种丰富度从低海拔向中海拔逐渐增加,高海拔最高。这些模式强调了身体大小和范围大小都随着海拔升高而增加,从而支持Bergmann和Stevens规则。在不同海拔高度,由于人类活动程度较高,物种丰富度呈单调增长趋势。这些发现表明,在热带山地生态系统中,沿海拔梯度的生物和环境因素的复杂相互作用强烈地影响着千足虫的范围和体型。
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引用次数: 0
Dung Beetles, Shifting Landscapes and the Ecology of Excrement in Southern Africa's Savannahs 屎壳虫,非洲南部大草原上不断变化的景观和粪便生态
IF 1.1 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/aje.70097
Homage Jubilant Ncube, Patmore Ngorima, Tawanda Tarakini

Scarabids communities (dung beetles) perform critical services in savannah ecosystems including nutrient cycling and soil enrichment but studies that investigate their feeding ecology are still limited. This study aimed to determine the diversity of scarab beetles as well as investigating their associations with vegetation and dung types in Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe. Dung traps were used to sample the beetles using three types of dung baits (elephant, buffalo and human) in five vegetation types (mopane, riverine, jesse, miombo and the floodplain) during different times of the day (mornings and afternoons). A total of 52 scarab beetle species were identified during the study period with Kurtops signatus and Neosisyphus calcaratus being the most numerous. The riverine and mopane had the highest scarab beetle abundance and diversity respectively. The elephant dung had the highest beetle numbers but the highest scarab beetle diversity was observed on human faeces. The Euonthophagus vicarius was positively associated with miombo vegetation; Onitis viridulus with riverine vegetation and Sisyphus impressipennis with jesse vegetation. The observed non-random niche overlap suggests that scarab beetle assemblages are structured by deterministic ecological processes rather than stochastic dispersal alone. These results also suggest that dung beetle species preferentially utilise forage resources and that changes in composition of animals in the protected areas may affect their diversity. The projected climatic changes, changes in vegetation and herbivore distribution may also disrupt the services provided by the scarabids.

金龟子群落(屎壳郎)在草原生态系统中发挥着重要的作用,包括养分循环和土壤富集,但对其摄食生态的研究仍然有限。这项研究旨在确定津巴布韦马纳普尔国家公园圣甲虫的多样性,并调查它们与植被和粪便类型的关系。在一天的不同时间(上午和下午),在五种植被类型(莫潘、河流、杰西、米昂布和洪泛区)中,使用三种粪便诱饵(大象、水牛和人类)的粪便陷阱对甲虫进行取样。研究期间共鉴定出52种圣甲虫,以Kurtops signatus和Neosisyphus calcaratus数量最多。金龟甲的丰度和多样性分别以河流和湿地最高。象粪中甲虫数量最多,而人粪中甲虫多样性最高。中食腐鱼与禾本科植被呈显著正相关;河滨植被的绿Onitis viridulus和河滨植被的Sisyphus impressipennis。观察到的非随机生态位重叠表明,圣甲虫的组合是由确定性的生态过程构成的,而不是随机分散的。这些结果还表明,屎壳郎物种优先利用牧草资源,保护区内动物组成的变化可能影响其多样性。预测的气候变化、植被和草食动物分布的变化也可能破坏圣甲虫提供的服务。
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引用次数: 0
Rewriting the Unassessed, Discredited and Long-Forgotten History of the Pygmy Hippopotamus in Guinea-Bissau 重写几内亚比绍俾格米河马的未经评估、不可信和长期被遗忘的历史
IF 1.1 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/aje.70089
Luís Palma, Quebá Quecuta, Manuel Nanque

Despite its small area and the loss of forest cover, Guinea-Bissau still is an environmentally diverse and biodiversity-rich country with a high percentage of protected areas. However, its biodiversity is still poorly known and is under threat from land conversion. Therefore, several rare or declining species may soon disappear before they are studied or even before their former presence or persistence in the country can be confirmed. One of these species was the pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis), as reported in the journal Mammalia in 1958. With no subsequent data, its former presence in the country was later discredited. Considering that this was not based on an in-depth review of the information and further surveys, we analysed in detail the author identity, the circumstances of the sightings, the existence of other supporting information, and searched for new data through interviews in the rural countryside. We conclude that credit for the past occurrence of the species in the country was justified, but our new data suggest it went extinct, presumably in association with the anticolonial war (1963–1974).

尽管国土面积小,森林覆盖率下降,几内亚比绍仍然是一个环境多样、生物多样性丰富的国家,拥有很高比例的保护区。然而,它的生物多样性仍然鲜为人知,并受到土地转换的威胁。因此,一些稀有的或正在衰退的物种可能很快就会在它们被研究之前消失,甚至在它们以前在该国的存在或持续存在还没有得到证实之前就消失了。其中一个物种是侏儒河马(Choeropsis liberiensis), 1958年发表在《哺乳动物》杂志上。由于没有后续数据,它以前在该国的存在后来被怀疑。考虑到这不是基于对信息的深入审查和进一步调查,我们详细分析了作者的身份、目击情况、其他支持信息的存在,并通过在农村的采访寻找新的数据。我们的结论是,该物种过去在该国出现的功劳是合理的,但我们的新数据表明,它已经灭绝,可能与反殖民战争(1963-1974)有关。
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引用次数: 0
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African Journal of Ecology
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