Pub Date : 1969-07-01DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.208
W T Hubbert
For a long time Whitmore’s disease was thought to be an occasional interesting clinical entity in man in Southeast Asia. However, recent events are forcing a change in outlook. Melioidosis is an important disease among troops in Viet Nam.’ The case-fatality rate is high; the organism is resistant to antibiotic treatment, and many soldiers return to the U.S. to be hospitalized for long periods with a disease usually resembling pulmonary tuberculosis.
{"title":"Melioidosis: sources and potential.","authors":"W T Hubbert","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.208","url":null,"abstract":"For a long time Whitmore’s disease was thought to be an occasional interesting clinical entity in man in Southeast Asia. However, recent events are forcing a change in outlook. Melioidosis is an important disease among troops in Viet Nam.’ The case-fatality rate is high; the organism is resistant to antibiotic treatment, and many soldiers return to the U.S. to be hospitalized for long periods with a disease usually resembling pulmonary tuberculosis.","PeriodicalId":78835,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife disease","volume":"5 3","pages":"208-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.208","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16882128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1969-07-01DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.182
A H Killinger, L E Hanson, M E Mansfield
The incidence of leptospirosis due to L. pomona and L. hardjo in 900 cattle at the Dixon Springs Agricultural Center was evaluated annually by the microscopic agglutination test during a 15-year period. The L. pomona reactor rate ranged from 5 percent in 1954 to 58 percent in 1955 during the period from 1953 to 1958 when the cattle were not vaccinated. Abortions were observed during 1955 and 1960. The L. pomona reactor rate ranged from 15 percent to 28 percent between 1959 and 1964 when half of the cattle were vaccinated and declined to 0.5 percent to 5 percent when all of the cattle were vaccinated with L. pomona bacterin. An infection of L. pomona vaccinated cows occurred in 1968 as indicated by a MA titer response of 1:100. No clinical signs were associated with the infection. The infection may have been caused by an endemic infection in a few carrier cattle or from infected wildlife. The skunk had previously been shown to be an active shedder. The L. hardjo reactor rate ranged from 29 percent to 56 percent during the period from 1958 to 1966 when the cattle were not vaccinated and 33 percent during 1967 and 1968 when half of the cattle were vaccinated.
{"title":"Leptospiral vaccination of cattle exposed to infected deer.","authors":"A H Killinger, L E Hanson, M E Mansfield","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.182","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of leptospirosis due to L. pomona and L. hardjo in 900 cattle at the Dixon Springs Agricultural Center was evaluated annually by the microscopic agglutination test during a 15-year period. The L. pomona reactor rate ranged from 5 percent in 1954 to 58 percent in 1955 during the period from 1953 to 1958 when the cattle were not vaccinated. Abortions were observed during 1955 and 1960. The L. pomona reactor rate ranged from 15 percent to 28 percent between 1959 and 1964 when half of the cattle were vaccinated and declined to 0.5 percent to 5 percent when all of the cattle were vaccinated with L. pomona bacterin. An infection of L. pomona vaccinated cows occurred in 1968 as indicated by a MA titer response of 1:100. No clinical signs were associated with the infection. The infection may have been caused by an endemic infection in a few carrier cattle or from infected wildlife. The skunk had previously been shown to be an active shedder. The L. hardjo reactor rate ranged from 29 percent to 56 percent during the period from 1958 to 1966 when the cattle were not vaccinated and 33 percent during 1967 and 1968 when half of the cattle were vaccinated.","PeriodicalId":78835,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife disease","volume":"5 3","pages":"182-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16889800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1969-07-01DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.271
M Friend, D O Trainer
Aspergillosis was diagnosed as the cause of mortality during an epizootic in which 32 of 140 captive herring gulls (Larus argentatus) died. The cause of disease was attributed to the individual or cumulative stresses of capture, transportation, confinement, and a nutritional deficiency allowing subclinical levels of Aspergillus fumigatus fungi present in the gulls at the time of capture to produce overt disease.
{"title":"Aspergillosis in captive herring gulls.","authors":"M Friend, D O Trainer","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.271","url":null,"abstract":"Aspergillosis was diagnosed as the cause of mortality during an epizootic in which 32 of 140 captive herring gulls (Larus argentatus) died. The cause of disease was attributed to the individual or cumulative stresses of capture, transportation, confinement, and a nutritional deficiency allowing subclinical levels of Aspergillus fumigatus fungi present in the gulls at the time of capture to produce overt disease.","PeriodicalId":78835,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife disease","volume":"5 3","pages":"271-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.271","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16892016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1969-07-01DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.297
N Woldow
One of the most prominent of the recently proposed mechanisms has been the relationship between various stress producing factors, and the secretions of the adrenal cortex. Stress such as infection, cold, hunger, and psychological unpleasantness often has been shown to induce adrenal hypertrophy and increases cortical secretion. This in turn hinders the organism’s resistance to further stress and reduces the reproductive rate as well. Both of these reductions are thought to play important roles in the regulation of population size, especially in small mammals.”2”
{"title":"Serum potassium levels and adrenal hypertrophy in rats, (Rattus norwegicus), infected by Trypansoma lewisi.","authors":"N Woldow","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.297","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most prominent of the recently proposed mechanisms has been the relationship between various stress producing factors, and the secretions of the adrenal cortex. Stress such as infection, cold, hunger, and psychological unpleasantness often has been shown to induce adrenal hypertrophy and increases cortical secretion. This in turn hinders the organism’s resistance to further stress and reduces the reproductive rate as well. Both of these reductions are thought to play important roles in the regulation of population size, especially in small mammals.”2”","PeriodicalId":78835,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife disease","volume":"5 3","pages":"297-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.297","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16882130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1969-07-01DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.142
L W Cornelius
Sanderstead, Surrey, is a wholly residential area about twelve miles south of London, adjoining open country. In winter, where food is offered in the gardens, the resident House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) are joined by flocks of Greenfinches (Carduehis c/doris) which have spent the rest of the year in the fields and hedgerows. In a garden which has been studied for five years, over 200 Greenfinches have frequently been counted feeding together and banding has shown that probably over 1000 visit the garden in the course of the winter (L. W. Cornelius, 1968. B.T.O. Ringer’s Bulletin, December). About 200 House Sparrows feed there at the peak periods of January and February.
{"title":"Field notes on salmonella infection in greenfinches and house sparrows.","authors":"L W Cornelius","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.142","url":null,"abstract":"Sanderstead, Surrey, is a wholly residential area about twelve miles south of London, adjoining open country. In winter, where food is offered in the gardens, the resident House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) are joined by flocks of Greenfinches (Carduehis c/doris) which have spent the rest of the year in the fields and hedgerows. In a garden which has been studied for five years, over 200 Greenfinches have frequently been counted feeding together and banding has shown that probably over 1000 visit the garden in the course of the winter (L. W. Cornelius, 1968. B.T.O. Ringer’s Bulletin, December). About 200 House Sparrows feed there at the peak periods of January and February.","PeriodicalId":78835,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife disease","volume":"5 3","pages":"142-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16889795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1969-07-01DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.187
D C Cavanaugh, P F Ryan, J D Marshall
Plague has been endemic in the Republic of Vietnam (RVN) since 1898. Prior to 1962, outbreaks of the disease were chiefly confined to the Mekong Delta and to the coastal provinces to the east of Saigon. Since 1962, an alarming increase in the incidence of human plague in RVN has been noted; some 13,417 suspected cases were reported for the period (Table 1). Most of these suspected cases of plague have been reported from areas in which the disease was previously unrecognized.”’o”
{"title":"The role of commensal rodents and their ectoparasites in the ecology and transmission of plague in Southeast Asia.","authors":"D C Cavanaugh, P F Ryan, J D Marshall","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.187","url":null,"abstract":"Plague has been endemic in the Republic of Vietnam (RVN) since 1898. Prior to 1962, outbreaks of the disease were chiefly confined to the Mekong Delta and to the coastal provinces to the east of Saigon. Since 1962, an alarming increase in the incidence of human plague in RVN has been noted; some 13,417 suspected cases were reported for the period (Table 1). Most of these suspected cases of plague have been reported from areas in which the disease was previously unrecognized.”’o”","PeriodicalId":78835,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife disease","volume":"5 3","pages":"187-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16889801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1969-07-01DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.195
M N Rosen
Data obtained on losses occurring among various species of waterfowl due to avian cholera were analyzed statistically. Coots, gulls, rodents and rabbits were inoculated with suspensions of Pasteurella multocida. The relation between population size of the individual waterfowl species and the respective mortality rates was not statistically sigificant. No correlation could be found for the average weights and the death rates occurring in each species. The widgeon duck, white-fronted goose and coot had higher losses from avian cholera than other waterfowl. Gulls were more resistant to P. multicoda than the coot, and the laboratory rat was completely resistant whereas the Norway rat was susceptible.
{"title":"Species susceptibility to avian cholera.","authors":"M N Rosen","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.195","url":null,"abstract":"Data obtained on losses occurring among various species of waterfowl due to avian cholera were analyzed statistically. Coots, gulls, rodents and rabbits were inoculated with suspensions of Pasteurella multocida. The relation between population size of the individual waterfowl species and the respective mortality rates was not statistically sigificant. No correlation could be found for the average weights and the death rates occurring in each species. The widgeon duck, white-fronted goose and coot had higher losses from avian cholera than other waterfowl. Gulls were more resistant to P. multicoda than the coot, and the laboratory rat was completely resistant whereas the Norway rat was susceptible.","PeriodicalId":78835,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife disease","volume":"5 3","pages":"195-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.195","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16882126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1969-07-01DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.166
S L Diesch, W F McCulloch, J L Braun, R P Crawford
Environmental studies were conducted to determine survival potential of leptospires in a farm creek. The creek was the swimming site involved in two previous outbreaks of human leptospirosis. Finding infected mammals in the area and the isolation of pathogenic leptospires from the water supported the theory that an endemic foci existed. Precipitation was sufficient to cause numerous floodings of the creek and surface run-off was evident. The water temperature data indicates that for several months each year the temperature range was adequate for survival of pathogenic leptospires. Saprophytic water leptospires were found during the total year. Although the pH of the creek water ranged from 6.9 - 8.7 the majority of samples were slightly alkaline and considered adequate for maintenance of leptospires. Several nutrients were found in the water including NH3, B1, B12, considered essential for leptospiral growth. If infected mammals are shedding leptospires, it is likely that the creek environmental conditions herein determined are usually adequate for survival. The creek water becomes a vehicle and an ecologic foci for transmission of leptospires to animals and man.
{"title":"Environmental studies on the survival of leptospires in a farm creek following a human leptospirosis outbreak in Iowa.","authors":"S L Diesch, W F McCulloch, J L Braun, R P Crawford","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.166","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental studies were conducted to determine survival potential of leptospires in a farm creek. The creek was the swimming site involved in two previous outbreaks of human leptospirosis. Finding infected mammals in the area and the isolation of pathogenic leptospires from the water supported the theory that an endemic foci existed. Precipitation was sufficient to cause numerous floodings of the creek and surface run-off was evident. The water temperature data indicates that for several months each year the temperature range was adequate for survival of pathogenic leptospires. Saprophytic water leptospires were found during the total year. Although the pH of the creek water ranged from 6.9 - 8.7 the majority of samples were slightly alkaline and considered adequate for maintenance of leptospires. Several nutrients were found in the water including NH3, B1, B12, considered essential for leptospiral growth. If infected mammals are shedding leptospires, it is likely that the creek environmental conditions herein determined are usually adequate for survival. The creek water becomes a vehicle and an ecologic foci for transmission of leptospires to animals and man.","PeriodicalId":78835,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife disease","volume":"5 3","pages":"166-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.166","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16882127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1969-07-01DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.213
O H Stalheim
In searching for someone to chair this section on progress in chemotherapy of wildlife and domestic animals, our chairman selected a leptospirologist. It was a logical choice, I believe, for two reasons. First, leptospirosis occurs in a great variety of rodents and both wild and domestic animals, and therefore constitutes a rather constant danger to those of us who work with animals.’ And secondly, progress in leptospirosis chemotherapy or the lack of it, can be used to illustrate some goals, some techniques, as well as some of the problems that still exist.
{"title":"A brief review of progress in chemotherapy using leptospirosis as a model.","authors":"O H Stalheim","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.213","url":null,"abstract":"In searching for someone to chair this section on progress in chemotherapy of wildlife and domestic animals, our chairman selected a leptospirologist. It was a logical choice, I believe, for two reasons. First, leptospirosis occurs in a great variety of rodents and both wild and domestic animals, and therefore constitutes a rather constant danger to those of us who work with animals.’ And secondly, progress in leptospirosis chemotherapy or the lack of it, can be used to illustrate some goals, some techniques, as well as some of the problems that still exist.","PeriodicalId":78835,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife disease","volume":"5 3","pages":"213-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.213","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16889804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1969-07-01DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.328
M M Jackson, C G Jackson, M Fulton
{"title":"Investigation of the enteric bacteria of the testudinata. I. Occurrence of the genera Arizona, Citrobacter, Edwardsiella and Salmonella.","authors":"M M Jackson, C G Jackson, M Fulton","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.328","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":78835,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife disease","volume":"5 3","pages":"328-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7589/0090-3558-5.3.328","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16892025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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