Background: Root canal treatment (RCT) forms a part of the requirements for graduation for dental students. The students are expected to perform the procedure during their clinical training. However, most students are presented to the clinic without formal laboratory practical training.
Aim: To introduce laboratory endodontic training and evaluate the perception of Nigerian undergraduate clinical dental students about the program.
Methodology: A two-day hands-on training on RCT was done for a set of final-year dental students in the operative technique laboratory of the Department of Restorative Dentistry of the Institution. The training included taking the participants through all the steps involved in RCT. The participants performed all the stages of RCT on extracted lower molar teeth mounted on a phantom head with paraffin wax. Each student performed the two methods of biomechanical preparation taught: manual and rotary instrumentation, and later evaluated the training in terms of confidence and preparation for clinical exposure.
Result: Twenty-one (53.9%) students within the age range of 23 to 30 years and a mean age of 25.4±1.7years completed the program. The majority, (81%) of the participants claimed the hands-on demonstration was very helpful in performing the procedure, and all submitted it will help their confidence during clinical exposure to RCT. The participants further suggested the incorporation of training into the regular school program.
Conclusion: The laboratory endodontic hands-on training was accepted by all the participants, and it was opined that it will boost their confidence in performing the procedure in the clinic.
{"title":"Introduction of Laboratory Endodontics: Evaluating the Perception of the Undergraduate Clinical Dental Students at a Nigerian University","authors":"Shakeerah Gbadebo, Amidu Sulaiman, Deborah Mojirade Ajayi","doi":"10.61172/ndj.v31i2.229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61172/ndj.v31i2.229","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Root canal treatment (RCT) forms a part of the requirements for graduation for dental students. The students are expected to perform the procedure during their clinical training. However, most students are presented to the clinic without formal laboratory practical training.
 Aim: To introduce laboratory endodontic training and evaluate the perception of Nigerian undergraduate clinical dental students about the program.
 Methodology: A two-day hands-on training on RCT was done for a set of final-year dental students in the operative technique laboratory of the Department of Restorative Dentistry of the Institution. The training included taking the participants through all the steps involved in RCT. The participants performed all the stages of RCT on extracted lower molar teeth mounted on a phantom head with paraffin wax. Each student performed the two methods of biomechanical preparation taught: manual and rotary instrumentation, and later evaluated the training in terms of confidence and preparation for clinical exposure.
 Result: Twenty-one (53.9%) students within the age range of 23 to 30 years and a mean age of 25.4±1.7years completed the program. The majority, (81%) of the participants claimed the hands-on demonstration was very helpful in performing the procedure, and all submitted it will help their confidence during clinical exposure to RCT. The participants further suggested the incorporation of training into the regular school program.
 Conclusion: The laboratory endodontic hands-on training was accepted by all the participants, and it was opined that it will boost their confidence in performing the procedure in the clinic.","PeriodicalId":79241,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Dental Journal","volume":"26 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135589420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars is commonly associated with post-operative inflammatory sequelae, causing distress to patients and affecting their quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the effect of using autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on post-operative pain, facial swelling, and trismus following mandibular third molar surgery.
Methods: In this single-blinded prospective randomized controlled trial, 90 participants aged 18-35 years were enrolled. Eligible patients underwent surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars under local anesthesia between October 2017 and June 2018 at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery clinic of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Participants were randomly assigned to either the PRF group or the non-PRF group. PRF was placed in the extraction socket of the PRF group, while the non-PRF group received a blood clot. Post-operative pain, facial swelling, and trismus were measured as outcomes. Longitudinal data analysis using generalized estimating equations was employed, adjusting for confounding factors, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.
Results: The PRF group exhibited significantly lower pain scores (3.02 mm; p < 0.001), reduced facial swelling (0.55%; p = 0.01), and decreased trismus (4.52%; p = 0.05) compared to the non-PRF group.
Conclusion: Placement of PRF in the extraction socket following mandibular third molar surgery resulted in decreased post-operative pain, facial swelling, and trismus. These findings suggest that PRF may have a beneficial impact on the inflammatory outcomes of third molar surgeries.
{"title":"The Effect of Platelet-Rich Fibrin on Post-Operative Inflammatory Sequelae after Mandibular Third Molar Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Azuka Njokanma, Olawunmi Fatusi, Olufemi Ogundipe, Adewale Adejobi, Olasunkanmi Kuye","doi":"10.61172/ndj.v31i2.254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61172/ndj.v31i2.254","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars is commonly associated with post-operative inflammatory sequelae, causing distress to patients and affecting their quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the effect of using autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on post-operative pain, facial swelling, and trismus following mandibular third molar surgery.
 Methods: In this single-blinded prospective randomized controlled trial, 90 participants aged 18-35 years were enrolled. Eligible patients underwent surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars under local anesthesia between October 2017 and June 2018 at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery clinic of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Participants were randomly assigned to either the PRF group or the non-PRF group. PRF was placed in the extraction socket of the PRF group, while the non-PRF group received a blood clot. Post-operative pain, facial swelling, and trismus were measured as outcomes. Longitudinal data analysis using generalized estimating equations was employed, adjusting for confounding factors, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.
 Results: The PRF group exhibited significantly lower pain scores (3.02 mm; p < 0.001), reduced facial swelling (0.55%; p = 0.01), and decreased trismus (4.52%; p = 0.05) compared to the non-PRF group.
 Conclusion: Placement of PRF in the extraction socket following mandibular third molar surgery resulted in decreased post-operative pain, facial swelling, and trismus. These findings suggest that PRF may have a beneficial impact on the inflammatory outcomes of third molar surgeries.
 
","PeriodicalId":79241,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Dental Journal","volume":"24 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135589172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Worldwide oral diseases are a major public health problem among children. Oral health education directed at major aetiological factors such as diet, oral hygiene and dental clinic attendance has helped to reduce the burden of oral diseases in children. Folklore, which includes folktales, puppet shows, dramas, folk music, and dance, appears to be a promising tool that could gain and engage young people's interest. Traditional folktale in school-based health education in Nigeria has not yet undergone much research or evaluation.
AIM: This paper aims to report how a local traditional folktale for oral health education among primary school pupils was developed with a view to providing information on how the folktale can be developed in other languages as well as how other oral health education folktales can be developed.
METHOD: Oral health professionals, linguist and theater arts experts from the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, developed a traditional folktale represented on a graphically designed banner (comic strips) for use as an oral health education tool for primary school pupils. Developing the tool involved certain processes which were validated and evaluated at every step. These processes included developing oral health messages on adequate dietary and oral hygiene practices as well as good dental clinic attendance. The messages were used to develop a folktale using improvisation circle method.
RESULTS: A banner of 6 feet by 4 feet containing graphically designed illustrations (comic strips) of the traditional folktale was developed. The message of which was basically diet, oral hygiene and dental clinic attendance instructions aimed at improving the attitude and practice of primary school pupils in Ibadan to oral health. The folktale was primarily developed in English language, the official language in Nigeria, then translated to Yoruba, the indigenous language of the people of Ibadan. Many skills such as team-building, effective communication and leadership were developed from the many phases and meetings required in the development of the folktale.
CONCLUSIONS: The early years are the formative years. Hence developing a tool to improve the oral health education of children using traditional folktale is a valuable and culturally advantageous project which has substantial future potentials.
{"title":"Developing a Traditional Oral Health Education Folktale for Primary School Pupils in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria","authors":"Olushola Ibiyemi, Iyanuoluwa Ajayi, Adetola Babalola, Oluwatosin Giwa, Gbenga Oyebode, Amusa Folakemi, Ooreoluwa Ade-davies, Francis Fagbule, Chukwuma Okoye","doi":"10.61172/ndj.v31i2.226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61172/ndj.v31i2.226","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Worldwide oral diseases are a major public health problem among children. Oral health education directed at major aetiological factors such as diet, oral hygiene and dental clinic attendance has helped to reduce the burden of oral diseases in children. Folklore, which includes folktales, puppet shows, dramas, folk music, and dance, appears to be a promising tool that could gain and engage young people's interest. Traditional folktale in school-based health education in Nigeria has not yet undergone much research or evaluation.
 AIM: This paper aims to report how a local traditional folktale for oral health education among primary school pupils was developed with a view to providing information on how the folktale can be developed in other languages as well as how other oral health education folktales can be developed.
 METHOD: Oral health professionals, linguist and theater arts experts from the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, developed a traditional folktale represented on a graphically designed banner (comic strips) for use as an oral health education tool for primary school pupils. Developing the tool involved certain processes which were validated and evaluated at every step. These processes included developing oral health messages on adequate dietary and oral hygiene practices as well as good dental clinic attendance. The messages were used to develop a folktale using improvisation circle method.
 RESULTS: A banner of 6 feet by 4 feet containing graphically designed illustrations (comic strips) of the traditional folktale was developed. The message of which was basically diet, oral hygiene and dental clinic attendance instructions aimed at improving the attitude and practice of primary school pupils in Ibadan to oral health. The folktale was primarily developed in English language, the official language in Nigeria, then translated to Yoruba, the indigenous language of the people of Ibadan. Many skills such as team-building, effective communication and leadership were developed from the many phases and meetings required in the development of the folktale.
 CONCLUSIONS: The early years are the formative years. Hence developing a tool to improve the oral health education of children using traditional folktale is a valuable and culturally advantageous project which has substantial future potentials.","PeriodicalId":79241,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Dental Journal","volume":"6 11-12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135589317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present a 39-year old housewife with temporomandibular joint pain of more than a month duration prior to the development of symmetrical polyarthritis of the small joints of the hands, as an unusual first manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis.
A raised acute phase reactant such as ESR is a very helpful indicator of an underlying inflammatory condition, hence the need for early referral to the Rheumatologist.
{"title":"Temporomandibular Joint Pain: An Unusual Initial Manifestation of Rheumatoid Arthritis","authors":"DA Ibrahim, MB Kofar, A Hamidu, TE Adeyemi","doi":"10.61172/ndj.v31i2.224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61172/ndj.v31i2.224","url":null,"abstract":"We present a 39-year old housewife with temporomandibular joint pain of more than a month duration prior to the development of symmetrical polyarthritis of the small joints of the hands, as an unusual first manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis. 
 A raised acute phase reactant such as ESR is a very helpful indicator of an underlying inflammatory condition, hence the need for early referral to the Rheumatologist.","PeriodicalId":79241,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Dental Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135589715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Resource-constrained regions such as sub-Saharan Africa urgently need to leverage innovative approaches to dental care provision and research, using available scarce resources. Even though a lot of clinical dental research has emerged in Africa, from the use of clinical dental samples (or data) and carried out by dental healthcare personnels, the principles of clinical dental research (CDR) and the embellishment of a translational dental research (TDR) pipeline is not widely used and considered. Neither has this principle trickled down to curriculum-integrated mechanisms at many academic dental schools on the continent. Equipping future dental professionals with robust clinical dental research skill need to be implemented in an integrated and systematized manner on the continent. It is therefore important to define the precise parameters of CDR and what it should entail, as well as what the exact purpose of carrying out such research should be. Furthermore, key concepts in TDR, as well as precision and personalized oral health (PPOH) need to be established, in the era of precision and omics-based dentistry. Hence, this paper discusses an integrative implementation framework and models for optimizing the use of TDR for cost effective CDR in resource-limited settings. We also proposed the utilization of a CDR and TDR model that uses a systems-oriented, multiscale integration of CDR, TDR and PPOH within the clinical dental practice settings, dental research environments, as well as incorporation of these concepts into the pedagogical curriculum of undergraduate and postgraduate dental training programs. Using the proposed integrative implementation framework for CDR and TDR in resource-constrained regions, it is envisaged that cost- and labour-effective practices will be instituted. Not least, effective incorporation of PPOH and one health into CDR and TRD will hopefully translate into beneficial global oral public health policies and systems reform in Africa.
{"title":"Translational Systems Approach to Clinical Dental Research: A Primer for Precision and Personalized Oral Health in Resource-Constrained Settings","authors":"Henry Adeola","doi":"10.61172/ndj.v31i2.227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61172/ndj.v31i2.227","url":null,"abstract":"Resource-constrained regions such as sub-Saharan Africa urgently need to leverage innovative approaches to dental care provision and research, using available scarce resources. Even though a lot of clinical dental research has emerged in Africa, from the use of clinical dental samples (or data) and carried out by dental healthcare personnels, the principles of clinical dental research (CDR) and the embellishment of a translational dental research (TDR) pipeline is not widely used and considered. Neither has this principle trickled down to curriculum-integrated mechanisms at many academic dental schools on the continent. Equipping future dental professionals with robust clinical dental research skill need to be implemented in an integrated and systematized manner on the continent. It is therefore important to define the precise parameters of CDR and what it should entail, as well as what the exact purpose of carrying out such research should be. Furthermore, key concepts in TDR, as well as precision and personalized oral health (PPOH) need to be established, in the era of precision and omics-based dentistry. Hence, this paper discusses an integrative implementation framework and models for optimizing the use of TDR for cost effective CDR in resource-limited settings. We also proposed the utilization of a CDR and TDR model that uses a systems-oriented, multiscale integration of CDR, TDR and PPOH within the clinical dental practice settings, dental research environments, as well as incorporation of these concepts into the pedagogical curriculum of undergraduate and postgraduate dental training programs. Using the proposed integrative implementation framework for CDR and TDR in resource-constrained regions, it is envisaged that cost- and labour-effective practices will be instituted. Not least, effective incorporation of PPOH and one health into CDR and TRD will hopefully translate into beneficial global oral public health policies and systems reform in Africa.","PeriodicalId":79241,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Dental Journal","volume":"19 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135589269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prevalence of Dental Caries and Predisposing Factors in Obio-Akpor Local Government Area of
Port Harcourt
Background: Dental caries is a common oral health disease of global interest. The burden of thedisease and predisposing factors must be determined before a preventive programme could bedesigned, but relevant data from community-based studies are not common in Rivers State.Aims and Objectives: This study was designed to determine the prevalence and predisposing factorsto caries development in the Local Government Area (LGA).Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among adultresidents in Obio-Akpor LGA of Rivers State. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was usedto collect personal data and caries predisposing factors while oral examination was carried out todetermine caries severity and oral hygiene status using DMFT and OHI-S indexes respectively. Thesample size (240) was determined using the formula for descriptive studies.Results: The mean (SD) age was 32(±1.113) years. Most of the participants were married, Ikwerres,skilled workers, earn <100dollar and most had secondary education. Most seldom/never use tobaccoproducts. Most ate fresh fruits every day or several times a week and most also ate cariogenic dietevery day or several times a day. Most use fluoride toothpaste once a day and most do not use floss.Most have never seen a dentist. The prevalence of untreated caries was 64.2%. DMFT score=0.91(very low). The OHI-S = 3.3. (>3 indicates poor OHI).Conclusions: The DMFT index was low while OHI-S was high. Poor oral hygiene status, oralhealthcare utilization and cariogenic diets predisposed the participants to caries.Key words: Caries, prevalence, predisposing factors, prevention
{"title":"Prevalence of Dental Caries and Predisposing Factors in Obio-Akpor Local Government Area, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"Abiodun Arigbede, Folake Iruobe","doi":"10.61172/ndj.v31i2.230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61172/ndj.v31i2.230","url":null,"abstract":"Prevalence of Dental Caries and Predisposing Factors in Obio-Akpor Local Government Area of
 Port Harcourt
 Background: Dental caries is a common oral health disease of global interest. The burden of thedisease and predisposing factors must be determined before a preventive programme could bedesigned, but relevant data from community-based studies are not common in Rivers State.Aims and Objectives: This study was designed to determine the prevalence and predisposing factorsto caries development in the Local Government Area (LGA).Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among adultresidents in Obio-Akpor LGA of Rivers State. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was usedto collect personal data and caries predisposing factors while oral examination was carried out todetermine caries severity and oral hygiene status using DMFT and OHI-S indexes respectively. Thesample size (240) was determined using the formula for descriptive studies.Results: The mean (SD) age was 32(±1.113) years. Most of the participants were married, Ikwerres,skilled workers, earn &lt;100dollar and most had secondary education. Most seldom/never use tobaccoproducts. Most ate fresh fruits every day or several times a week and most also ate cariogenic dietevery day or several times a day. Most use fluoride toothpaste once a day and most do not use floss.Most have never seen a dentist. The prevalence of untreated caries was 64.2%. DMFT score=0.91(very low). The OHI-S = 3.3. (&gt;3 indicates poor OHI).Conclusions: The DMFT index was low while OHI-S was high. Poor oral hygiene status, oralhealthcare utilization and cariogenic diets predisposed the participants to caries.Key words: Caries, prevalence, predisposing factors, prevention","PeriodicalId":79241,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Dental Journal","volume":"4 S1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135589328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of self-reported halitosis and associated factors among medical and dental students of the university of Port Harcourt.
Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, conducted among medical and dental undergraduate students of the University of Port-Harcourt (UPH), Rivers State. Consent was obtained from each participant before being enrolled into the study. Data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was grouped into four (4) sections; Section A collected demographical information (gender, age, course and level), section B collected information on self-reported halitosis and self-care, section C collected information on oral hygiene practices and section D collected information on associated factors.
Data collected was analysed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27 (IBM SPSS Armonk, New York) software for Windows. Categorical variables were expressed as frequencies with accompanying percentages. Differences between groups were compared using the Chi-square tests for categorical variables. All statistical significances were assumed at p values <0.05.
Results: A total of 248 medical and dental students were recruited as study participants. The age range was 15-30 years, with a mean age of 22.9 years. The male-to-female ratio is 1.13:1. The prevalence of self-reported halitosis among the study participants was 26%, with the worse experience being in the morning (31.1%). The younger age group reported more halitosis compared to the older age group (p=0.016). More females (34.5%) significantly reported halitosis compared to males (18.2%) [p=0.003]. The occurrence of self-reported halitosis also decreases with an increase in the level of study (p=0.003). Participants that brush thrice a day, and do not use toothbrushes and toothpaste, claim to have halitosis. The majority of the participants who claimed to have dry mouth (76.5%), coated tongue (80.6%) and have a history of smoking (58.3%), reported the presence of halitosis. The majority of participants who take alcohol, claimed not to have halitosis however, this finding is not statistically significant. Seventy-three (29.4%) of the respondents instituted self-care for halitosis in the form of chewing gums (13.71%), minty candy (8.06%), mouth-washes (6.45%), while 1.21% use other options such as compulsive toothbrushing.
Conclusion: Self-reported halitosis was found among 26% of participants. Halitosis occurred more in females and was significantly associated with dry mouth, coated tongue and smoking. 29.4% of the participants instituted self-care to mask their halitosis.
目的:了解哈科特港大学医学和牙科专业学生口臭的患病率及其相关因素。& # x0D;材料和方法:这是一项横断面研究，在河州哈科特港大学(UPH)的医学和牙科本科学生中进行。在被纳入研究之前，每位参与者都获得了同意。数据收集采用自我管理的结构化问卷。问卷分为四(4)部分;A部分收集人口统计信息(性别、年龄、课程和水平)，B部分收集自述口臭和自我保健信息，C部分收集口腔卫生习惯信息，D部分收集相关因素信息。
收集的数据使用IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS)第27版(IBM SPSS Armonk, New York) Windows软件进行分析。分类变量以频率和百分比表示。组间差异采用分类变量的卡方检验进行比较。p值为<0.05。
结果:共招募248名医学和牙科学生作为研究参与者。年龄15 ~ 30岁，平均22.9岁。男女比例为1.13:1。在研究参与者中，自述口臭的患病率为26%，其中早晨的口臭最严重(31.1%)。与老年组相比，年轻组报告的口臭较多(p=0.016)。女性(34.5%)明显多于男性(18.2%)[p=0.003]。自述口臭的发生率也随研究水平的增加而降低(p=0.003)。每天刷三次牙刷，不使用牙刷和牙膏的参与者声称有口臭。大多数自称口干(76.5%)、舌膜覆盖(80.6%)和有吸烟史(58.3%)的参与者报告存在口臭。大多数饮酒的参与者声称没有口臭，然而，这一发现在统计上并不显著。73%(29.4%)的受访者通过嚼口香糖(13.71%)、薄荷糖(8.06%)、漱口水(6.45%)等方式对口臭进行自我护理，1.21%的人使用强制刷牙等其他方法。结论:26%的参与者自述有口臭。口臭多见于女性，并与口干、舌膜和吸烟有显著关系。29.4%的参与者制定了自我护理来掩盖他们的口臭。
{"title":"Self-Reported Halitosis and Associated Factors Among Medical and Dental Students of a Tertiary Institution in Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"Grace Alade, CF Ezebunwa","doi":"10.61172/ndj.v31i2.253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61172/ndj.v31i2.253","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To determine the prevalence of self-reported halitosis and associated factors among medical and dental students of the university of Port Harcourt. 
 Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, conducted among medical and dental undergraduate students of the University of Port-Harcourt (UPH), Rivers State. Consent was obtained from each participant before being enrolled into the study. Data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was grouped into four (4) sections; Section A collected demographical information (gender, age, course and level), section B collected information on self-reported halitosis and self-care, section C collected information on oral hygiene practices and section D collected information on associated factors.
 Data collected was analysed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27 (IBM SPSS Armonk, New York) software for Windows. Categorical variables were expressed as frequencies with accompanying percentages. Differences between groups were compared using the Chi-square tests for categorical variables. All statistical significances were assumed at p values <0.05.
 Results: A total of 248 medical and dental students were recruited as study participants. The age range was 15-30 years, with a mean age of 22.9 years. The male-to-female ratio is 1.13:1. The prevalence of self-reported halitosis among the study participants was 26%, with the worse experience being in the morning (31.1%). The younger age group reported more halitosis compared to the older age group (p=0.016). More females (34.5%) significantly reported halitosis compared to males (18.2%) [p=0.003]. The occurrence of self-reported halitosis also decreases with an increase in the level of study (p=0.003). Participants that brush thrice a day, and do not use toothbrushes and toothpaste, claim to have halitosis. The majority of the participants who claimed to have dry mouth (76.5%), coated tongue (80.6%) and have a history of smoking (58.3%), reported the presence of halitosis. The majority of participants who take alcohol, claimed not to have halitosis however, this finding is not statistically significant. Seventy-three (29.4%) of the respondents instituted self-care for halitosis in the form of chewing gums (13.71%), minty candy (8.06%), mouth-washes (6.45%), while 1.21% use other options such as compulsive toothbrushing.
 Conclusion: Self-reported halitosis was found among 26% of participants. Halitosis occurred more in females and was significantly associated with dry mouth, coated tongue and smoking. 29.4% of the participants instituted self-care to mask their halitosis.","PeriodicalId":79241,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Dental Journal","volume":"28 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135589413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adedotun Adewale, None Oladipupo Taiwo J, None Taiwo Babatunde E, None Adewinle Funmilola E, None Matthew Ayodele
Objective: This study was designed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of dental anxiety among adult patients attending a tertiary dental hospital in Nigeria, while also identifying potential predictors of dental anxiety.
Method: A total of 177 adult dental patients completed a self -administered questionnaire comprising socio-demographic information and other information relating to medical conditions, pain, health insurance coverage, previous dental visits and self-perception of oral health. Dental anxiety was assessed with the Modified dental anxiety scale.
Result: The prevalence of dental anxiety was 10.73% (MDAS=19-25) with overall severity mean score of 13.36±3.41. Age and sex were associated with the level of dental anxiety (p-values of 0.027 and 0.007 respectively). Moreover, age, sex and level of education were associated with mean anxiety levels (p-values of 0.043, 0.009 and 0.015 respectively). Previous dental visits and self-perception of oral health were associated with dental anxiety (p-values of 0.034 and < 0.001 respectively). Sex, marital status, previous dental visits and self-oral health perception were predictors of high dental anxiety (p-values of 0.028, 0.019, 0.033 and 0.001 respectively).
Conclusion: Demographic factors, previous dental visits and self-perception of oral health are associated with dental anxiety. Predictors of high dental anxiety are sex, marital status, previous dental visits and self-oral health perception.
{"title":"Dictive Factors of Dental Anxiety in Adult Patients at a Tertiary Dental Hospital in Nigeria","authors":"Adedotun Adewale, None Oladipupo Taiwo J, None Taiwo Babatunde E, None Adewinle Funmilola E, None Matthew Ayodele","doi":"10.61172/ndj.v31i2.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61172/ndj.v31i2.249","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study was designed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of dental anxiety among adult patients attending a tertiary dental hospital in Nigeria, while also identifying potential predictors of dental anxiety.
 Method: A total of 177 adult dental patients completed a self -administered questionnaire comprising socio-demographic information and other information relating to medical conditions, pain, health insurance coverage, previous dental visits and self-perception of oral health. Dental anxiety was assessed with the Modified dental anxiety scale.
 Result: The prevalence of dental anxiety was 10.73% (MDAS=19-25) with overall severity mean score of 13.36±3.41. Age and sex were associated with the level of dental anxiety (p-values of 0.027 and 0.007 respectively). Moreover, age, sex and level of education were associated with mean anxiety levels (p-values of 0.043, 0.009 and 0.015 respectively). Previous dental visits and self-perception of oral health were associated with dental anxiety (p-values of 0.034 and < 0.001 respectively). Sex, marital status, previous dental visits and self-oral health perception were predictors of high dental anxiety (p-values of 0.028, 0.019, 0.033 and 0.001 respectively).
 Conclusion: Demographic factors, previous dental visits and self-perception of oral health are associated with dental anxiety. Predictors of high dental anxiety are sex, marital status, previous dental visits and self-oral health perception.","PeriodicalId":79241,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Dental Journal","volume":"7 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135589313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Digit sucking habit (DSH) generates functional forces that can influence craniofacial morphology. Although the dental effects have been widely reported, its influence on the masseter muscle thickness (MMT) and upper airway (UA) dimensions is not well known.
Methods: Thirty (30) children selected from the orthodontic clinic (OAUTHC), with a DSH were matched with a group of 30 children without a DSH. Each group comprised of 16 males and 14 females. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the masseter muscle (MM) was performed to measure the left and right MMT in the relaxed and contracted states. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained and 6 UA variables were measured on the x-ray. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20.0. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
Inferential statistics was done using independent sample t test to compare means.
Results: Participants in the DS group had a mean age of 7.7 ± 2.2 years, whereas those in the non-DS group had a mean age of 8.1 ± 2.1 years. The MM was generally thicker among the DS group, both in the contracted and relaxed states when compared with the non-DS group, but these differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). The mean measurement of the width of the nasopharynx (P1) was significantly decreased among the DS group when compared with the non-DS group (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean values for the width of the oropharynx (P2), hypopharynx (P3), soft palate length (PNS-U1) and thickness (MPT) and the posterior bony boundary of the nasopharynx (PNS-Ba) between both groups. (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Digit sucking habit caused a statistically significant narrowing of the width of the nasopharynx (p<0.05). The MMT did not differ significantly between the DS and non-DS groups both in the relaxed and contracted states.
{"title":"Influence of Digit Sucking Habit on Masseter Muscle Thickness and Upper Airway Dimensions in Nigerian Children","authors":"Ada Njokanma, Olayinka Otuyemi, Kikelomo Kolawole","doi":"10.61172/ndj.v31i2.255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61172/ndj.v31i2.255","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Digit sucking habit (DSH) generates functional forces that can influence craniofacial morphology. Although the dental effects have been widely reported, its influence on the masseter muscle thickness (MMT) and upper airway (UA) dimensions is not well known.
 
 Methods: Thirty (30) children selected from the orthodontic clinic (OAUTHC), with a DSH were matched with a group of 30 children without a DSH. Each group comprised of 16 males and 14 females. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the masseter muscle (MM) was performed to measure the left and right MMT in the relaxed and contracted states. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained and 6 UA variables were measured on the x-ray. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20.0. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
 Inferential statistics was done using independent sample t test to compare means.
 Results: Participants in the DS group had a mean age of 7.7 ± 2.2 years, whereas those in the non-DS group had a mean age of 8.1 ± 2.1 years. The MM was generally thicker among the DS group, both in the contracted and relaxed states when compared with the non-DS group, but these differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). The mean measurement of the width of the nasopharynx (P1) was significantly decreased among the DS group when compared with the non-DS group (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean values for the width of the oropharynx (P2), hypopharynx (P3), soft palate length (PNS-U1) and thickness (MPT) and the posterior bony boundary of the nasopharynx (PNS-Ba) between both groups. (p>0.05).
 Conclusion: Digit sucking habit caused a statistically significant narrowing of the width of the nasopharynx (p<0.05). The MMT did not differ significantly between the DS and non-DS groups both in the relaxed and contracted states.","PeriodicalId":79241,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Dental Journal","volume":"31 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135589550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
According to Eleanor Roosevelt, “memoirs are only useful as the lives you read about and analyse may suggest to you something that you may find useful in your own journey through life.” I am therefore glad to state that I see myself quite relevant to Nigeria’s quest for greatness, particularly in the health sector. This belief fueled my resolve to scale the hurdles every step of the way with the help of God. I thank the leadership of the Nigerian Dental Association (NDA) for the honour of sharing my story with my colleagues on this platform. There is a generational and professional hand-holding gesture that I presume the NDA would like to crystalize by requesting I pen down this memoir. It is indeed a reminiscence of my days of persuasion to preparation and to the stepwise progression towards making valuable contributions to policy making in the Nigerian health sector.
{"title":"Thirty-Two Teeth, Thirty-Two Challenges: Memoirs of a Dentist Turned Policy Maker","authors":"Adebimpe Adebiyi","doi":"10.61172/ndj.v30i1.243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61172/ndj.v30i1.243","url":null,"abstract":"According to Eleanor Roosevelt, “memoirs are only useful as the lives you read about and analyse may suggest to you something that you may find useful in your own journey through life.” I am therefore glad to state that I see myself quite relevant to Nigeria’s quest for greatness, particularly in the health sector. This belief fueled my resolve to scale the hurdles every step of the way with the help of God. I thank the leadership of the Nigerian Dental Association (NDA) for the honour of sharing my story with my colleagues on this platform. There is a generational and professional hand-holding gesture that I presume the NDA would like to crystalize by requesting I pen down this memoir. It is indeed a reminiscence of my days of persuasion to preparation and to the stepwise progression towards making valuable contributions to policy making in the Nigerian health sector.","PeriodicalId":79241,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Dental Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44775385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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