A. Ryabchenko, M. Bormotov, A. Senchik, A. M. Pavlov, Y. Guretskaya, V. Glushkov, Y. Sato, H. Igota
Hunting farms can serve as a source of primary data on the state of natural resources. Taking into account the increasing anthropogenic impact on the environment, it is necessary to constantly monitor the situation with food for ungulates and predators in order to be able to take timely measures to improve the quality of habitat for wild fauna. Populations of wild large animals live in the host landscapes of so reduced that animals population become extremely vulnerable and unstable, signs of crisis can be seen in the data on the number of animals. Lack of natural food is a serious deterrent, especially in difficult times of the year, such as winter and spring. An analysis of the situation with food for a particular species will allow hunting farms to properly plan their feeding and other activities throughout the year in order to maintain a population of certain species on their territory and minimize the migration of species outside the protected areas. The aim of our work was to create a baseline for tracking data on the characteristics of wildlife animals. The research results allow hunting farms to use the data of animal feeding preferences during different seasons of the year for better organization of their biotechnical measures and improvement of feeding conditions for such species as red deer (Cervus elaphus), elk (Cervus canadensis), roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) and bear(Ursus arctos).
{"title":"Game species fodder conditions in eastern Siberia and Amur region.","authors":"A. Ryabchenko, M. Bormotov, A. Senchik, A. M. Pavlov, Y. Guretskaya, V. Glushkov, Y. Sato, H. Igota","doi":"10.15159/AR.20.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15159/AR.20.011","url":null,"abstract":"Hunting farms can serve as a source of primary data on the state of natural resources. Taking into account the increasing anthropogenic impact on the environment, it is necessary to constantly monitor the situation with food for ungulates and predators in order to be able to take timely measures to improve the quality of habitat for wild fauna. Populations of wild large animals live in the host landscapes of so reduced that animals population become extremely vulnerable and unstable, signs of crisis can be seen in the data on the number of animals. Lack of natural food is a serious deterrent, especially in difficult times of the year, such as winter and spring. An analysis of the situation with food for a particular species will allow hunting farms to properly plan their feeding and other activities throughout the year in order to maintain a population of certain species on their territory and minimize the migration of species outside the protected areas. The aim of our work was to create a baseline for tracking data on the characteristics of wildlife animals. The research results allow hunting farms to use the data of animal feeding preferences during different seasons of the year for better organization of their biotechnical measures and improvement of feeding conditions for such species as red deer (Cervus elaphus), elk (Cervus canadensis), roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) and bear(Ursus arctos).","PeriodicalId":7924,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy research","volume":"18 1","pages":"267-289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66968201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Ansone-Bērtiņa, D. Lazdiņa, M. Bertins, A. Viksna, L. Busa, A. Bārdule
The biomass production using fast-growing tree species such as hybrid aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx. x Populus tremula L.) has been recognized as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach. Growing these species can reduce the negative impact of earlier land mismanagement and at the same time provide additional biomass growth. The application of fertilisers may introduce not only the necessary macro elements (N, P, K) but also significant amounts of toxic heavy metals. Therefore, the knowledge about elemental flows from fertilised soil to the different parts of hybrid aspen trees is essential and especially meaningful for the evaluation of element content in specific environmental ecosystems. The impact of different fertilisers (sewage sludge, digestate and wood ash) on the concentrations of microand macro elements in the wood of six-year-old hybrid aspen stands grown on former agricultural land was studied. The determination of element concentrations in different tree rings of hybrid aspen trees was accomplished by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS). Isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) was used to determine the nitrogen and carbon content and isotope ratios in different parts of hybrid aspen trees. Stem disc samples from hybrid aspen trees were obtained from agricultural land in the central part of Latvia. Samples were taken from six-yearold hybrid aspen trees that at the moment of planting were fertilised with sewage sludge, a residue of biogas production (digestate) and wood ash. The obtained results indicated that the chemical element accumulation in hybrid aspen was affected by the applied fertiliser type. In this study, the use of wood ash, as well as digestate, affected the elemental content in hybrid aspen to a greater extent than the use of sewage sludge, relative to unfertilised (control) subplot. The analysed elements varied in the analysed stem plane (across the tree rings). The most significant changes between the rings were observed for the content of K and Ca.
{"title":"Impact of different fertilisers on elemental content in young hybrid aspen stem wood","authors":"L. Ansone-Bērtiņa, D. Lazdiņa, M. Bertins, A. Viksna, L. Busa, A. Bārdule","doi":"10.15159/AR.20.079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15159/AR.20.079","url":null,"abstract":"The biomass production using fast-growing tree species such as hybrid aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx. x Populus tremula L.) has been recognized as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach. Growing these species can reduce the negative impact of earlier land mismanagement and at the same time provide additional biomass growth. The application of fertilisers may introduce not only the necessary macro elements (N, P, K) but also significant amounts of toxic heavy metals. Therefore, the knowledge about elemental flows from fertilised soil to the different parts of hybrid aspen trees is essential and especially meaningful for the evaluation of element content in specific environmental ecosystems. The impact of different fertilisers (sewage sludge, digestate and wood ash) on the concentrations of microand macro elements in the wood of six-year-old hybrid aspen stands grown on former agricultural land was studied. The determination of element concentrations in different tree rings of hybrid aspen trees was accomplished by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS). Isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) was used to determine the nitrogen and carbon content and isotope ratios in different parts of hybrid aspen trees. Stem disc samples from hybrid aspen trees were obtained from agricultural land in the central part of Latvia. Samples were taken from six-yearold hybrid aspen trees that at the moment of planting were fertilised with sewage sludge, a residue of biogas production (digestate) and wood ash. The obtained results indicated that the chemical element accumulation in hybrid aspen was affected by the applied fertiliser type. In this study, the use of wood ash, as well as digestate, affected the elemental content in hybrid aspen to a greater extent than the use of sewage sludge, relative to unfertilised (control) subplot. The analysed elements varied in the analysed stem plane (across the tree rings). The most significant changes between the rings were observed for the content of K and Ca.","PeriodicalId":7924,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy research","volume":"98 1","pages":"1154-1162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66969387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. R. M. Gonçalves, G. Ferraz, D. B. Marin, É. F. Reynaldo, P. Ferraz, D. Sarri, M. Vieri
{"title":"Comparative environmental analysis of soil sampling methods in precision agriculture for lime application in Paraná State, Brazil","authors":"J. R. M. Gonçalves, G. Ferraz, D. B. Marin, É. F. Reynaldo, P. Ferraz, D. Sarri, M. Vieri","doi":"10.15159/AR.20.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15159/AR.20.101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7924,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy research","volume":"18 1","pages":"1278-1287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66969634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Osman Nabayire Kanwugu, S. Shatunova, T. Glukhareva, E. Kovaleva
Phaffia rhodozyma (also known as Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous) is one of the most promising natural sources of commercial astaxanthin. It has high growth rates, easy cultivation conditions and able to utilize different carbon substrates. This provides an opportunity to further lower production cost by using industrial waste such as molasses. This research therefore evaluates the growth dynamic and astaxanthin production of P. rhodozyma Y1654 growing on soy and sugar beet molasses-based media. Liquid growth media based on soy molasses (SM), sugar beet molasses (SBM) and glucose (control) as main sugar source with peptone and yeast extract supplementation were inoculated with 48 h old seed culture (grown in standard glucose media: 2.0% glucose, 1.0% peptone, 0.2% yeast extract) and incubated at 20 °C with stirring speed of 180 rpm for 7 days. Samples were taken daily throughout the study period to assess; cell count, dry cell weight (DCW) and amount of astaxanthin. Soy molasses-based media resulted in the highest biomass yield (7.7 g L) followed by SBM (5.8 g L). Generally, more than 90% of initial fermentable sugar was consumed at the end of the study. However, about 40% of total sugar in SM was unassimilable by P. rhodozyma Y1654. The highest astaxanthin yield was observed in the control media (77 µg g of DCW). Cultivation of P. rhodozyma Y1654 in SBM resulted in as much as twice (32.8 µg g of DCW) the astaxanthin yield of SM (12.4 µg g DCW). Molasses-based media are good for growth of P. rhodozyma Y1654 but for astaxanthin production, they need further optimization.
法菲红酵母(又称树突黄叶菌)是最有前途的商业虾青素天然来源之一。它生长速度快，栽培条件好，能利用不同的碳基质。这为利用糖蜜等工业废料进一步降低生产成本提供了机会。因此，本研究评估了红霉菌Y1654在大豆和甜菜糖蜜培养基上的生长动态和虾青素产量。以大豆糖蜜(SM)、甜菜糖蜜(SBM)和葡萄糖(对照)为主要糖源，添加蛋白胨和酵母浸膏的液体培养基接种种子培养48 h(在标准葡萄糖培养基中培养:2.0%葡萄糖、1.0%蛋白胨、0.2%酵母浸膏)，在20℃、180转/分搅拌速度下培养7 d。在整个研究期间每天采集样本进行评估;细胞计数、干细胞重(DCW)和虾青素含量。以大豆糖蜜为基础的培养基的生物量产量最高(7.7 g L)，其次是SBM (5.8 g L)。通常，在研究结束时，超过90%的初始可发酵糖被消耗掉。而SM中约40%的总糖不能被酵母Y1654吸收。对照培养基(77µg g DCW)虾青素产量最高。在SBM中培养P. rhodozyma Y1654的虾青素产量(32.8µg g DCW)是SM(12.4µg DCW)的两倍。以糖蜜为基础的培养基有利于P. rhodozyma Y1654的生长，但对于虾青素的生产还需要进一步优化。
{"title":"Effect of different sugar sources on P. Rhodozyma y1654 growth and astaxanthin production","authors":"Osman Nabayire Kanwugu, S. Shatunova, T. Glukhareva, E. Kovaleva","doi":"10.15159/AR.20.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15159/AR.20.117","url":null,"abstract":"Phaffia rhodozyma (also known as Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous) is one of the most promising natural sources of commercial astaxanthin. It has high growth rates, easy cultivation conditions and able to utilize different carbon substrates. This provides an opportunity to further lower production cost by using industrial waste such as molasses. This research therefore evaluates the growth dynamic and astaxanthin production of P. rhodozyma Y1654 growing on soy and sugar beet molasses-based media. Liquid growth media based on soy molasses (SM), sugar beet molasses (SBM) and glucose (control) as main sugar source with peptone and yeast extract supplementation were inoculated with 48 h old seed culture (grown in standard glucose media: 2.0% glucose, 1.0% peptone, 0.2% yeast extract) and incubated at 20 °C with stirring speed of 180 rpm for 7 days. Samples were taken daily throughout the study period to assess; cell count, dry cell weight (DCW) and amount of astaxanthin. Soy molasses-based media resulted in the highest biomass yield (7.7 g L) followed by SBM (5.8 g L). Generally, more than 90% of initial fermentable sugar was consumed at the end of the study. However, about 40% of total sugar in SM was unassimilable by P. rhodozyma Y1654. The highest astaxanthin yield was observed in the control media (77 µg g of DCW). Cultivation of P. rhodozyma Y1654 in SBM resulted in as much as twice (32.8 µg g of DCW) the astaxanthin yield of SM (12.4 µg g DCW). Molasses-based media are good for growth of P. rhodozyma Y1654 but for astaxanthin production, they need further optimization.","PeriodicalId":7924,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy research","volume":"18 1","pages":"1700-1716"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66970555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this work is to determine how the germination of seeds of the invasive tree Acer negundo depends on the period of cold stratification under the snow and the duration of stratification in the air on the branches of the trees. For comparison with A. negundo, we used seeds of Acer ginnala, introduced but not invasive tree in the Middle Urals. The period of stratification in the air modeled by collecting seeds in October and December. The duration of cold stratification under the snow was 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 months. We hypothesized that the duration of stratification in the air did not affect the germination of A. negundo and A. ginnala seeds. Cold stratification under the snow had a positive effect on seed germination of both species. The best seed germination of A. negundo and A. ginnala was after 4 months of cold stratification under the snow, the germination rate differs: in A. negundo 12 ± 4% (small seeds) and 79 ± 7% (large seeds), in A. ginnala – 1 ± 2% (small seeds) and 18 ± 4% (large seeds). In both species, large seeds germinated at 7 to 18 times more intensively than small ones. In A. ginnala case, even after cold stratification under snow for 4 months, no more than 22% of the seeds germinated. The germination of A. ginnala seeds was 4–5 times lower than that of A. negundo seeds.
{"title":"Seed size and cold stratification affect Acer negundo and Acer ginnala seeds germination","authors":"O. Kiseleva, D. Veselkin, O. Loretts","doi":"10.15159/AR.20.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15159/AR.20.153","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is to determine how the germination of seeds of the invasive tree Acer negundo depends on the period of cold stratification under the snow and the duration of stratification in the air on the branches of the trees. For comparison with A. negundo, we used seeds of Acer ginnala, introduced but not invasive tree in the Middle Urals. The period of stratification in the air modeled by collecting seeds in October and December. The duration of cold stratification under the snow was 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 months. We hypothesized that the duration of stratification in the air did not affect the germination of A. negundo and A. ginnala seeds. Cold stratification under the snow had a positive effect on seed germination of both species. The best seed germination of A. negundo and A. ginnala was after 4 months of cold stratification under the snow, the germination rate differs: in A. negundo 12 ± 4% (small seeds) and 79 ± 7% (large seeds), in A. ginnala – 1 ± 2% (small seeds) and 18 ± 4% (large seeds). In both species, large seeds germinated at 7 to 18 times more intensively than small ones. In A. ginnala case, even after cold stratification under snow for 4 months, no more than 22% of the seeds germinated. The germination of A. ginnala seeds was 4–5 times lower than that of A. negundo seeds.","PeriodicalId":7924,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy research","volume":"18 1","pages":"461-471"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66971356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Gacitúa, O. Rojas, P. Oliveira, X. Petit-Breuilh
In Chile, bamboo bushes of Chusquea quila genus (or popularly known as ‘quila’) have brought economic and ecological problems for decades in the south-central part of this country. On the other hand, this plant species was studied as a raw material for the production of nanofibrillated cellulose (CNF) and nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC), presenting an opportunity for sustainable and environmentally friendly management, positioning Chile as a Latin American country at the forefront of studies with nanotechnological approaches. The methodology applied to generate these nanostructures contemplated hydrolysis with sulfuric acid and oxalic acid, in addition to an intermediate stage of microfluidization to generate nanofibrillated cellulose. The products obtained showed morphological and topographic homogeneity in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images. The diameter values of the particles ranged from 10 to 20 nanometers for the CNCs. Through Fourier transformed spectrophotometry (FTIR) it was found that the processes of microfluidization and acid hydrolysis did not affect the molecular shape of the nanostructures and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was important to determine crystallinity index (IC), presenting values higher than 80%.
{"title":"Production of cellulose nanostructures from Chilean bamboo, Chusquea quila","authors":"W. Gacitúa, O. Rojas, P. Oliveira, X. Petit-Breuilh","doi":"10.15159/AR.20.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15159/AR.20.193","url":null,"abstract":"In Chile, bamboo bushes of Chusquea quila genus (or popularly known as ‘quila’) have brought economic and ecological problems for decades in the south-central part of this country. On the other hand, this plant species was studied as a raw material for the production of nanofibrillated cellulose (CNF) and nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC), presenting an opportunity for sustainable and environmentally friendly management, positioning Chile as a Latin American country at the forefront of studies with nanotechnological approaches. The methodology applied to generate these nanostructures contemplated hydrolysis with sulfuric acid and oxalic acid, in addition to an intermediate stage of microfluidization to generate nanofibrillated cellulose. The products obtained showed morphological and topographic homogeneity in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images. The diameter values of the particles ranged from 10 to 20 nanometers for the CNCs. Through Fourier transformed spectrophotometry (FTIR) it was found that the processes of microfluidization and acid hydrolysis did not affect the molecular shape of the nanostructures and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was important to determine crystallinity index (IC), presenting values higher than 80%.","PeriodicalId":7924,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66971567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alfonso López-Benítez, C. Petroli, O. Antuna-Grijalva, Sa Rodríguez-Herrera, O. Gayosso-Barragán, M. P. Luévanos-Escareño, A. J. L. Río, A. Mancera-Rico
In maize hybrid development, it is essential to know the parent’s performance per se in different environments as well as the genetic base in populations in order to facilitate selection of superior lines. The objective of this work was to estimate the genetic variance and heritability while assessing agronomic behavior in 237 maize fodder lines featuring different inbred levels and origin in two different locations. Traits such as plant height, cob height, stem diameter, and fodder yield were taken. A combined variance analysis was carried out using this information. The variable mean squares showing significant differences were used to estimate the genetic variance components. Significant differences were observed (p ≤ 0.01) for the line variation source and location × line interaction in all assessed characteristics. The genetic parameter estimation provided information on the existing genetic variance and heritability among the population which is important for the progress of the selection process. Lines CLWN701, CLWN345, CML476, CML216, CLWQ232, and CML 528 measured 74.8, 72.2, 67.7, 65.8, 63.8 and 62.5 t ha, respectively showed the highest yield potential for green fodder.
在玉米杂交发育中，了解亲本在不同环境下的表现以及群体中的遗传基础，是选择优良品系的必要条件。本研究的目的是在评估两个不同地区具有不同自交系水平和来源的237个玉米饲料品系的农艺行为的同时，估计遗传变异和遗传力。测定株高、穗轴高、茎粗、饲料产量等性状。利用这些信息进行联合方差分析。采用具有显著差异的变量均方来估计遗传方差成分。品系变异源和位置×品系互作在所有评价性状上均存在显著差异(p≤0.01)。遗传参数的估计提供了种群中存在的遗传变异和遗传力的信息，这对选择过程的进行具有重要意义。青饲料产量潜力最高的品系CLWN701、CLWN345、CML476、CML216、CLWQ232和CML 528分别为74.8、72.2、67.7、65.8、63.8和62.5 t ha。
{"title":"Genetic components for fodder yield and agronomic characters in maize lines","authors":"Alfonso López-Benítez, C. Petroli, O. Antuna-Grijalva, Sa Rodríguez-Herrera, O. Gayosso-Barragán, M. P. Luévanos-Escareño, A. J. L. Río, A. Mancera-Rico","doi":"10.15159/AR.20.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15159/AR.20.001","url":null,"abstract":"In maize hybrid development, it is essential to know the parent’s performance per se in different environments as well as the genetic base in populations in order to facilitate selection of superior lines. The objective of this work was to estimate the genetic variance and heritability while assessing agronomic behavior in 237 maize fodder lines featuring different inbred levels and origin in two different locations. Traits such as plant height, cob height, stem diameter, and fodder yield were taken. A combined variance analysis was carried out using this information. The variable mean squares showing significant differences were used to estimate the genetic variance components. Significant differences were observed (p ≤ 0.01) for the line variation source and location × line interaction in all assessed characteristics. The genetic parameter estimation provided information on the existing genetic variance and heritability among the population which is important for the progress of the selection process. Lines CLWN701, CLWN345, CML476, CML216, CLWQ232, and CML 528 measured 74.8, 72.2, 67.7, 65.8, 63.8 and 62.5 t ha, respectively showed the highest yield potential for green fodder.","PeriodicalId":7924,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy research","volume":"24 1","pages":"77-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66968138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Paulus, I. C. Zorzzi, D. Becker, G. A. Nava, A. L. D. Paula, F. M. D. Paula
The development and yield of Chinese cabbage is influenced by soil moisture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological indicators, development, and yield of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr.) grown at different soil water tension ranges. Two experiments were conducted (2016–2017) in the Olericulture Sector of the Federal University of Technology of Paraná. Two cultivars of the Chinese cabbage, Eikoo and Kinjitsu, and four soil water tension ranges 13–17, 23–27, 33–37, and 43–47 kPa were studied. Eikoo presented higher relative chlorophyll index, photosynthesis, and fresh leaf mass than did Kinjitsu. Physiological indicators transpiration (5.8 mmol H2O m s), photosynthesis (14.5 μmol CO2 m s), stomatal conductance (0.31 mol H2O m s), and WUE (39.4 kg m) were higher at 13–17 kPa soil water tension. Soil water tension ranges with high water restrictions reduced the fresh leaf mass of both cultivars. Fresh leaf mass decreased by 236.2 and 191.7 g plant in the highest soil water tension range in 2016 and 2017, respectively, when compared with the fresh leaf mass at the 13–17 kPa tension range. The lowest water consumption was observed at the 13–17 kPa tension range. The year 2017 resulted in higher internal CO2 concentration, transpiration rate, fresh leaf mass, number of irrigations and water consumption compared to the year 2016. Thus, the irrigation regime for the most optimal Chinese cabbage cultivation should maintain the soil water tension range at 13–17 kPa.
白菜的生长发育和产量受土壤水分的影响。本研究的目的是评价白菜(Brassica rapa subsp)的生理指标、发育和产量。学报(皱眉头。)在不同的土壤水张力范围内生长。两项实验(2016-2017)在帕拉纳联邦科技大学的油菜栽培部门进行。以白菜“荣姑”和“近jitsu”2个品种为研究对象，土壤水分张力范围为13-17、23-27、33-37和43-47 kPa。永古的相对叶绿素指数、光合作用和鲜叶质量均高于健日。13 ~ 17 kPa土壤水张力下，蒸腾(5.8 mmol H2O m s)、光合作用(14.5 μmol CO2 m s)、气孔导度(0.31 mol H2O m s)、水分利用效率(39.4 kg m)等生理指标较高。高限水范围的土壤水分张力降低了两个品种的鲜叶质量。与13 ~ 17 kPa土壤水张力范围相比，2016年和2017年最高土壤水张力范围内鲜叶质量分别减少236.2和191.7 g。13 ~ 17 kPa张力范围内耗水量最小。与2016年相比，2017年的内部二氧化碳浓度、蒸腾速率、鲜叶质量、灌溉次数和用水量都有所增加。因此，大白菜最适宜的灌溉制度应保持土壤水分张力在13 ~ 17 kPa。
{"title":"Physiological indicators and yield of the Chinese cabbage cultivated at different soil water tensions.","authors":"D. Paulus, I. C. Zorzzi, D. Becker, G. A. Nava, A. L. D. Paula, F. M. D. Paula","doi":"10.15159/AR.20.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15159/AR.20.013","url":null,"abstract":"The development and yield of Chinese cabbage is influenced by soil moisture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological indicators, development, and yield of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr.) grown at different soil water tension ranges. Two experiments were conducted (2016–2017) in the Olericulture Sector of the Federal University of Technology of Paraná. Two cultivars of the Chinese cabbage, Eikoo and Kinjitsu, and four soil water tension ranges 13–17, 23–27, 33–37, and 43–47 kPa were studied. Eikoo presented higher relative chlorophyll index, photosynthesis, and fresh leaf mass than did Kinjitsu. Physiological indicators transpiration (5.8 mmol H2O m s), photosynthesis (14.5 μmol CO2 m s), stomatal conductance (0.31 mol H2O m s), and WUE (39.4 kg m) were higher at 13–17 kPa soil water tension. Soil water tension ranges with high water restrictions reduced the fresh leaf mass of both cultivars. Fresh leaf mass decreased by 236.2 and 191.7 g plant in the highest soil water tension range in 2016 and 2017, respectively, when compared with the fresh leaf mass at the 13–17 kPa tension range. The lowest water consumption was observed at the 13–17 kPa tension range. The year 2017 resulted in higher internal CO2 concentration, transpiration rate, fresh leaf mass, number of irrigations and water consumption compared to the year 2016. Thus, the irrigation regime for the most optimal Chinese cabbage cultivation should maintain the soil water tension range at 13–17 kPa.","PeriodicalId":7924,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy research","volume":"18 1","pages":"241-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66968212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Viira, K. Kall, Jelena Ariva, L. Oper, E. Jürgenson, S. Maasikamäe, R. Põldaru
As a result of agricultural, land and ownership reforms coupled with liberal agricultural policy during the transition, agricultural land use in Estonia became more fragmented. A significant portion of agricultural land users are now considered passive farmers who maintain their agricultural land (often permanent grasslands) in good agricultural and environmental conditions and are therefore eligible for single area and greening payment. The maintenance of permanent grassland is one of the objectives of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), which contributes to the overall climate and biodiversity objectives of the EU. Until 2014, in Estonia, the minimum eligible activity for the maintenance of permanent grassland was to cut the grass and leave it on the ground. In 2015 and 2016, the area on which the cut grass could be left on the ground was restricted in order to increase incentives for more active agricultural land use. This paper analyses the likely effects of such restriction on the use and maintenance of permanent grasslands. The results of the study show that in the case of restrictions on the eligible practices of permanent grassland maintenance, passive land users as well as crop and mixed crop-livestock farms are likely to reduce the area of permanent grasslands (shrinking farms). At the same time, grazing livestock farms (expanding farms) would be willing to expand their permanent grassland area. More than 70% of the permanent grasslands of shrinking farms are located within 1 km and more than 90% within 2 km of expanding farms. However, in some regions it is likely that the maintenance of permanent grasslands is stopped as a result of the restrictions. It is argued that if permanent grasslands are to be maintained, it is necessary to introduce supports for grazing livestock farms, targeted supports for passive land users for their maintenance or more comprehensive land use policy that takes the climate change mitigation requirements into account.
{"title":"Restricting the eligible maintenance practices of permanent grassland - a realistic way towards more active farming?","authors":"A. Viira, K. Kall, Jelena Ariva, L. Oper, E. Jürgenson, S. Maasikamäe, R. Põldaru","doi":"10.15159/AR.20.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15159/AR.20.018","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of agricultural, land and ownership reforms coupled with liberal agricultural policy during the transition, agricultural land use in Estonia became more fragmented. A significant portion of agricultural land users are now considered passive farmers who maintain their agricultural land (often permanent grasslands) in good agricultural and environmental conditions and are therefore eligible for single area and greening payment. The maintenance of permanent grassland is one of the objectives of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), which contributes to the overall climate and biodiversity objectives of the EU. Until 2014, in Estonia, the minimum eligible activity for the maintenance of permanent grassland was to cut the grass and leave it on the ground. In 2015 and 2016, the area on which the cut grass could be left on the ground was restricted in order to increase incentives for more active agricultural land use. This paper analyses the likely effects of such restriction on the use and maintenance of permanent grasslands. The results of the study show that in the case of restrictions on the eligible practices of permanent grassland maintenance, passive land users as well as crop and mixed crop-livestock farms are likely to reduce the area of permanent grasslands (shrinking farms). At the same time, grazing livestock farms (expanding farms) would be willing to expand their permanent grassland area. More than 70% of the permanent grasslands of shrinking farms are located within 1 km and more than 90% within 2 km of expanding farms. However, in some regions it is likely that the maintenance of permanent grasslands is stopped as a result of the restrictions. It is argued that if permanent grasslands are to be maintained, it is necessary to introduce supports for grazing livestock farms, targeted supports for passive land users for their maintenance or more comprehensive land use policy that takes the climate change mitigation requirements into account.","PeriodicalId":7924,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy research","volume":"18 1","pages":"1556-1572"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66968290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. The addition of β -glucan or EPS-producing bacteria is mainly used to improve the quality and the acceptability of low-fat yoghurt. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of adding β -glucan, EPS-producing Bifidobacterium bifidum , or both on physical properties, fermentation time, and organoleptic criteria of low-fat yoghurt, additionally to the viability of L. bulgaricus and B. bifidum . Two types of low-fat yoghurt (1.5% fat) were prepared, with the addition of standard oat β -glucan by 0.15% or without its addition. Each type of yoghurt mixture was inoculated with two kinds of starters: traditional and probiotic ( B. bifidum ) culture. The physicochemical properties, the count of viable bacterial starter culture, and the organoleptic evaluation for all yoghurt types were evaluated after storage 24 h at 4 °C. Moreover, the fermentation time was monitored. The incorporation of both β -glucan and EPS in yoghurt resulted in the highest viscosity (13.7 mPa.s) and WHC (55.94%), besides to the lowest syneresis (28.47%). The acidity and pH of the yoghurt samples were significantly affected ( p > 0.05) by the β -glucan addition. The yoghurt type Bifidobacterium glucan had the shortest fermentation time (215 min), and the maximum viability of both B. bifidum (7.63 Log CFU g -1 ) and L. bulgaricus (7.50 Log CFU g -1 ). The β -glucan had a pronounced effect on the overall acceptability of yoghurt more than the EPS. In conclusion, enriching the low-fat yoghurt with oat β -glucan and EPS-producing B. bifidum is the highest effective method for improving the yoghurt’s quality and the viability of probiotics.
{"title":"Enrichment of the low-fat yoghurt with oat β-glucan and EPS-producing Bifidobacterium bifidum improves its quality.","authors":"I. Jõudu, N. Barakova, M. Ibrahim","doi":"10.15159/AR.20.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15159/AR.20.024","url":null,"abstract":". The addition of β -glucan or EPS-producing bacteria is mainly used to improve the quality and the acceptability of low-fat yoghurt. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of adding β -glucan, EPS-producing Bifidobacterium bifidum , or both on physical properties, fermentation time, and organoleptic criteria of low-fat yoghurt, additionally to the viability of L. bulgaricus and B. bifidum . Two types of low-fat yoghurt (1.5% fat) were prepared, with the addition of standard oat β -glucan by 0.15% or without its addition. Each type of yoghurt mixture was inoculated with two kinds of starters: traditional and probiotic ( B. bifidum ) culture. The physicochemical properties, the count of viable bacterial starter culture, and the organoleptic evaluation for all yoghurt types were evaluated after storage 24 h at 4 °C. Moreover, the fermentation time was monitored. The incorporation of both β -glucan and EPS in yoghurt resulted in the highest viscosity (13.7 mPa.s) and WHC (55.94%), besides to the lowest syneresis (28.47%). The acidity and pH of the yoghurt samples were significantly affected ( p > 0.05) by the β -glucan addition. The yoghurt type Bifidobacterium glucan had the shortest fermentation time (215 min), and the maximum viability of both B. bifidum (7.63 Log CFU g -1 ) and L. bulgaricus (7.50 Log CFU g -1 ). The β -glucan had a pronounced effect on the overall acceptability of yoghurt more than the EPS. In conclusion, enriching the low-fat yoghurt with oat β -glucan and EPS-producing B. bifidum is the highest effective method for improving the yoghurt’s quality and the viability of probiotics.","PeriodicalId":7924,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy research","volume":"18 1","pages":"1689-1699"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66968323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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