Noshuyo byori = Brain tumor pathology最新文献

A 20-year-old female with von Recklinghausen's disease became aware of hoarseness and dysphagia with a right neck mass, and received subtotal resection of a jugular foramen neurofibroma. One year later the jugular foramen tumor recurred and pathologic examination at excision showed a malignant transformation. Despite postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy, it recurred soon and followed the metastatic cerebral tumor by meningeal dissemination. Malignant nerve sheath tumors of the jugular foramen are very rare and the clinical course and pathological pictures of this tumor are reviewed.

Since benign intracranial cysts have similar clinical and neuroradiological imaging appearances, it is difficult to distinguish between these cysts. Thus an electron microscopic study plays an important role in definite diagnosis of these non-tumorous benign cystic lesions, and also in determination of their origins. Arachnoid cysts occurring in 5 patients, epithelial cysts occurring in 2 patients, 2 cases of Rathke's cleft cysts, and one case of pineal cyst, were electron- and light-microscopically observed, and their characteristic features and differences were described. The structure of the arachnoid cyst wall was similar to that of normal arachnoid membrane. The inner surface of the arachnoid membrane. The inner surface of the arachnoid cyst wall was formed of one or several layers of arachnoid cells with slender processes, which contained large extracellular spaces, but not microvilli. As for epithelial cysts, microvilli and surface-coating material were present on the surface of epithelial cysts, and a well-developed basement membrane was continuously observed under the epithelial cells. Rathke's cleft cysts, which may basically be classified as epithelial cysts, are lined by columnar or cuboidal ciliated epithelium. The wall of the pineal cyst is composed of normal pineal tissue, and there are three layers, which have a lining of glial cells in the inner layer, a few sheets of pineal cells in the middle layer, and a fibrous capsule in the outer layer.

A case of choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) associated with overproduction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in an infant is reported. The tumor was totally resected. Histologically, it was diagnosed as CPP with several mitosis, however, there were no other features indicating malignancy. Transthyretin immunoreactivity was found in the tumor cells on CSF cytological examination as well as in surgical specimens. Though the percentage of PCNA was high (10.8%), it was not higher than other benign CPPs (mean score: 18.2%). There was no recurrence or dissemination on follow-up CT or MRI 1 year after surgery. The patient has grown normally after surgery without a shunting procedure.

A variety of epithelial cysts in the central nervous system were examined immunohistochemically for expression of cytokeratins. Colloid cysts, Rathke's cleft cysts and epithelial cysts in the spinal canal expressed complex type cytokeratins, while enterogenous cysts and neuroectodermal cysts showed only simple type cytokeratins. Colloid cysts showed a pattern of cytokeratins similar to that of upper respiratory tract which is endodermal in origin. In contrast, Rathke's cleft cysts showed a pattern of cytokeratins similar to that of the adenohypophysis and salivary gland which are ectodermal in origin. The CK immunohistochemical studies are discussed with regards to diagnostic significance and origins of their cysts.

Tissue specimens and culture cells from three human gliomas (two astrocytomas and one glioblastoma) were immunohistochemically investigated, using GFAP, S-100P, vimentin, FN and TNF antibodies. Primary culture consisted of two cell types, flat cells and fibrous cells. Phenotypic alternation was observed during successive subculture. Differences between fibrous cells in astrocytoma and those in glioblastoma were remarkable, while flat cells in astrocytoma and glioblastoma examined in this study, were similar.

Secretory meningioma is a new concept proposed with the progress on immunohistochemistry, and has not sufficiently been discussed in the literature. We report a case with this rare type of meningioma, in a 54-year-old female. The tumor had hyaline inclusions that showed not only carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) on immunohistochemical study but some secreting organelles on ultrastructural study. The value of these findings are emphasized in the histological diagnosis for secretory meningioma.

Loss of genetic information from a number of specific regions of the genome has been documented in primary human gliomas. Recently loss of heterozygosity or nullizygosity of the IFN beta 1 gene has been found in glioblastomas. We used Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis in order to screen the frequency of the loss of this genes in glial tumors of malignancy grades I-IV. Nullizygosity for IFN beta 1 was detected in 8/30 (27%) of glioblastomas (malignancy grade IV) and loss of heterozygosity in a further two cases (7%). In total, 33% of these tumors lost least one copy of the IFN beta 1 gene. Among the 10 anaplastic gliomas (grade III), 2 (20%) showed loss of one copy of the gene which none of the 7 low grade gliomas (grades I or II) showed any evidence of loss of IFN beta 1 alleles. The loss of the IFN beta 1 gene would appear to be a late event associated with the development of an increasingly malignant phenotype in human gliomas and to be confined to gliomas of malignancy grade III or IV.

Twenty-four germinomas from which tumor sites were 11 pineal, 7 suprasellar, and 6 basal ganglial and thalamic (BG-T) were subjected. Humoral tumor markers of HCG, CEA and AFP were measured and compared with immunohistochemistries for these tumor markers along with PLAP, HPL and PKK1. Humoral tumor markers and immunohistochemistries did not always comprehend to each other. Difference of the survival rates among tumor sites was thought to be attributed to the variabilities in their histological, immunochemical and flow cytometric results.

Five brain tumors in infancy were studied histopathologically. Though four of them could be included in primitive neuroectodermal tumor, histopathological findings were diverse. The diagnoses were medulloblastoma, cerebellar neuroblastoma, pineoblastoma, ependymoblastoma and ependymoma. While conventional stain for microscopy exhibited their specific findings, immunohistochemical and electron microscopical studies revealed morphological findings related functional structures of the tumor cells. These methodology is mandatory in order to elucidate cytogenesis and differentiation of infantile brain tumors.

The purpose of this study is to present the histological characteristics of tumor origin and proliferative characteristics of craniopharyngioma. In 25 craniopharyngiomas, the immunoperoxidase technique revealed strong positive reactions for keratin and cytokeratin in cytoplasm of tumor cells. But, immunostaining of keratin and cytokeratin differ from each of layer of craniopharyngioma. The ciliated epithelium in the craniopharyngioma was not stained by keratin, but ciliated epithelium of Rathke's cleft cyst was stained by cytokeratin.