Annals of Behavioral Medicine最新文献

Objective: Little research has examined rates or correlates of adherence to Open Science practices such as data sharing. We investigated how often researchers share data for inclusion in a meta-analysis and their reasons for not sharing data, and tested factors that could be associated with data sharing.

Methods: We requested data for 189 studies (167 authors) as part of a National Cancer Institute-funded meta-analysis of quit intentions and smoking cessation. Authors were contacted via email up to 4 times. We tracked responses, reasons for not sharing data, and coded 23 features of the author team (eg, number of authors and h-index), the request (eg, amount of information requested), and the study (eg, year of publication and preregistration).

Results: Thirty-five percent of authors provided the requested data, 21% responded but did not provide data, and 44% never responded to our request. Of the 37 reasons offered for not sharing data, the most common were loss of access to data (76%) and lack of time (11%). More recent trials, fewer citations, publication in medical (vs. behavioral) journals, and study preregistration were each associated with providing the requested data (Ps < .05).

Conclusions: Contacting authors for unpublished data resulted in a moderate response rate (56%) and modest provision of data (35%). Barriers to data sharing such as access and time constraints highlight challenges faced by behavioral health researchers in promoting transparency. The factors associated with responsiveness underscore the importance of journal policies and Open Science practices in enhancing data sharing.

Background: Firearms-related health sciences research has documented disparities in fatal and nonfatal firearm injury impacting populations in the United States defined by race and ethnicity, age, gender, and geography. Recent reports from research and advocacy organizations have highlighted a need for this research to include sexual and gender minority (ie, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer [LGBTQ+]) populations to guide public health efforts to prevent homicide, suicide, and injury.

Purpose: The current review examines and summarizes existing research related to firearms and LGBTQ+ populations in the United States.

Methods: A search of PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, LGBT Life, and Scopus was conducted in May 2024 using search strings related to LGBTQ+ populations, firearms, and suicide. Articles were included in this review if they were peer-reviewed, empirical studies assessing any construct related to firearms among LGBTQ+ people in the United States.

Results: Ultimately, 35 studies were included. Constructs examined in included studies were suicide (n = 6), homicide (n = 4), responses to the Pulse nightclub shooting (n = 9), nonfatal interpersonal violence (n = 4), and firearm access and ownership (n = 12).

Conclusions: Findings identified substantial gaps in the literature, underscoring an urgent need for LGBTQ+ health researchers and firearm injury prevention researchers to collaboratively extend and improve the evidence base on firearms among LGBTQ+ populations. Key recommendations include improving Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity data collection in firearms research, collecting original data to address LGBTQ+-specific and LGBTQ+-inclusive research questions regarding firearms, broadening the scope of firearms constructs assessed among LGTBQ+ populations, and using intersectionality to guide future research.

Background: Past reviews have shown that culturally salient resilience interventions buffer the negative effects of racial discrimination on psychological and behavioral outcomes among Black youth. However, these prior reviews neglect to integrate trials targeting physical health and/or health-promoting outcomes, synthesize trials based on methodological rigor, or systematically assess efficacy or resilience intervention components.

Purpose: This systematic review expands on past research by (1) providing an up to-date literature review on family-based cultural resilience interventions across a range of health-related outcomes (physical health, health behaviors, health risk-taking behaviors, and psychological), (2) evaluating the rigor of these interventions, (3) analyzing the efficacy of rigorous interventions, and (4) describing the resilience intervention components of rigorous interventions.

Methods: Using the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted from 1992 to 2022. Studies were included if they were family-based resilience interventions targeting health-related outcomes among Black adolescents ages 10-17 years.

Results: Fifteen studies met inclusion criteria, 10 of which were not included in past reviews. Overall, 10 trials demonstrated high methodological rigor, 9 of which were efficacious. Most rigorous, efficacious trials targeted health risk-taking behaviors outcomes (~66%), whereas none targeted health promotion behaviors (physical activity, diet). Resilience components of rigorous efficacious interventions included racial socialization (racial coping, cultural pride) and family resilience (communication, routine), with fewer integrating racial identity (self-concept, role models) and cultural assets (spirituality, communalism).

Conclusions: These findings suggest the need to replicate existing rigorous strengths-based resilience interventions and address broader outcomes, including health-promoting behaviors, in the future.

Background: The association between sedentary behavior (SB) and cardiometabolic risk may differ by SB domain and context. Nonoccupational SB is particularly important because it is discretionary and more amenable to change. This study estimated associations of nonoccupational SB contexts with hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods: A total of 3370 middle-aged adults (50.1 ± 3.6 years; 56% F) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study were included. Cross-sectional and 5-year prospective associations between self-report total SB and 6 context-specific SBs (television-TV, computer, transportation, phone, music, and paperwork) with HTN and DM were tested using logistic regression. Fully adjusted models controlled for sociodemographic variables, body mass index, and self-report moderate-vigorous intensity physical activity.

Results: Prevalences of HTN and DM at baseline were 48% (1618 cases) and 10% (320 cases), respectively. Each hour per day of total-SB was cross-sectionally associated with HTN (OR: 1.03, 95% CI, 1.01-1.05) but not DM, with nonsignificant prospective associations for HTN and DM. Of the context-specific SBs, only TV-SB was significantly associated with HTN or DM. Each hour of TV-SB was cross-sectionally associated with HTN (OR: 1.09, 95% CI, 1.03-1.15) and DM (OR: 1.18, 95% CI, 1.09-1.29), and prospectively with HTN (OR: 1.14, 95% CI, 1.04-1.26) but not DM.

Conclusion: When comparing total-SB and the 6 context-specific SBs, TV-SB was most robustly associated with HTN. The findings were less clear for DM. Behavior change strategies that target TV-SB reduction may be effective at reducing HTN risk in middle-aged adults.

Background: Nonattendance at colonoscopy is associated with reduced colorectal cancer (CRC) survival.

Purpose: The aim of this research was to quantify barriers to colonoscopy and test the effectiveness of behavior change techniques (BCTs) to address them.

Methods: Two studies were conducted. In the first study, participants were asked to imagine their next CRC screening result was abnormal, and were presented with the standard abnormal result letter used in the English CRC Screening Programme. Participants then completed a short survey. Multivariate regression tested associations between perceived barriers and intentions. In the second study, participants were randomly presented with a modified version of the abnormal results letter, which incorporated one or more BCTs, designed to target barriers identified in study 1, using a 28 factorial design. Participants then completed the same survey used in study 1. Multivariate regression tested the effectiveness of the BCTs to modify target barriers and intentions.

Results: In study 1, 5 items were associated with intentions, namely "Lack of understanding that CRC can be asymptomatic," "Perceived importance of screening," "Transport/travel," "Shared decision making and family influenced participation," and "Fear of pain and discomfort" (all P's < .05). In study 2, the inclusion of a social support message, targeting "shared decision-making and family influenced participation," facilitated independent decision making and increased intentions (both P's < .05). There was no evidence to support the remaining 7 BCTs to modify barriers or intentions (all P's < .05).

Conclusions: Inclusion of a social support message facilitated independent decision-making and improved intentions.

Background: App-based mindfulness meditation programs have shown mixed effects in reducing stress levels. These studies have typically relied on limited assessments of dimensions of stress and on pre-post designs to detect effects.

Purpose: This randomized controlled trial examined the effect of the mindfulness meditation app Headspace on reducing subjective stress, stressor appraisals, perceived coping, and perseverative cognitions. It tested stress-reducing effects in everyday life throughout an eight-week intervention period.

Method: Non-faculty employees (n = 138; age M = 38.19; 75.36% female; 54.5% White, 27.54% Hispanic; 51.45% with a professional degree) from a university in California's Central Valley were randomized into either the Headspace condition (instructed to complete 10 minutes of meditation daily) or wait-list (inactive) control group. Participants completed ecological momentary assessments of stress five times a day for four consecutive days at baseline, at two and five weeks after randomization (mid-intervention), and at eight weeks post-randomization (post-intervention), resulting in 6260 observations of stress dimensions.

Results: Hierarchical linear models were used to test the interaction of condition by time, revealing significant effects for subjective stress, perceived coping, and perseverative cognitions. By week 2, compared to the baseline, participants in the Headspace condition reported less subjective stress and perseverative cognitions, and by week 5 reported more perceived coping. These effects persisted through week 8. No changes were observed for stressor appraisal. Participants in the control condition reported increases in subjective stress and perseverative cognitions, and decreases in coping, throughout the intervention period.

Discussion: Headspace was effective at reducing stress in a high-stress environment. Findings suggest the potential for relatively quick and sustained gains in stress benefits from meditation practice that may help practitioners develop their future programs.

Objective: The climate crisis poses the largest threat to human health and survival and has been a public health emergency for many years. It is causing harmful consequences for physical and mental health and is amplifying existing health inequities. In this call to action, we highlight the relevance of the health psychology and behavioral medicine communities in addressing the health impacts of climate change.

Method: We identify mitigation and adaptation climate health behaviors and social changes needed that underlie the three essential objectives to address climate change and its associated health consequences: (a) rapid decarbonization, (b) drawdown of atmospheric heat-trapping gases (sequestration), and (c) adap- tation.

Results: To advance the behavioral and systemic changes necessary to protect health, we propose a 1-2-3 Transformational Model in which the larger field of health psychology and behavioral medicine promotes (1) One Health, human and planetary health by (2) targeting climate health behaviors, and (3) social change across major professional areas, including research, interventions, and education/advo- cacy. We urge the adoption of the social quantum change paradigm, a systems approach to understanding the process of social change, where systemic change is viewed as local to global, and the individual has an influential role.

Discussion: These shifts in views, priorities, and methods will bolster hope, collective efficacy, and action to support the next generation of health psychology and behavioral medicine profession- als. With these changes, the health psychology and behavioral medicine communities can have a more immediate and meaningful impact on the climate crisis and its associated health consequences.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence is rising globally. Arab immigrants with T2DM, one of the least studied ethnic minorities, have a higher diabetes prevalence and more prominent management-related challenges compared with mainstream host societies. Acculturation's impact on self-care activities and diabetes distress (DD) is understudied globally.

Purpose: To examine how acculturation affects self-care practices and DD in first-generation Arab immigrants with T2DM and how health literacy, illness perceptions, and self-efficacy mediate these associations.

Methods: This multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in Victoria, Australia. Eligible patients were invited while waiting for their appointments. The questionnaire included validated tools to assess DD, self-care activities, health literacy, self-efficacy, and acculturation. We tested mediation hypothesis using path analysis, with a maximum likelihood estimation to calculate total, direct, and indirect effects and bias-corrected accelerated 95% CI.

Results: Overall, 382 Arab immigrants with T2DM participated, with an average age of 57.9 years (SD = 8.0). Half were males, most had low education, and were married. Participants lived in Australia for a mean of 19.1 years (SD = 8.3) and had diabetes for 7.1 years (SD =4.7). Higher acculturation was directly associated with decreased DD. Illness perceptions (p = .002) and self-efficacy (p = .001) mediated the association of acculturation with self-care activities, while health literacy did not. Additionally, self-efficacy fully mediated the relationship between acculturation and DD (p = .001).

Conclusions: This research provided valuable insights into the complex interplay between acculturation, diabetes management, and psychosocial factors. Interventions targeting self-efficacy and illness perceptions may improve self-care activities and reduce DD among Arab immigrants with T2DM.

Background: Physical activity has been associated with a wide range of health benefits including long-term benefits for cognitive and brain health. Whether episodes of everyday physical activity are associated with immediate cognitive benefits remains unknown.

Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to examine whether episodes of physical activity, occurring over the course of participants' daily lives, are associated with short-term improvements in cognitive health.

Methods: Participants completed a 9-day ecological momentary assessment protocol involving 5 daily assessments of self-reported physical activity and ambulatory cognitive assessments of processing speed and visuospatial working memory. Data were analyzed in a multilevel modeling framework to explore changes in performance on each task associated with physical activity during the period leading up to the assessment as well as individual differences in average frequency of physical activity.

Results: Results of MLMs indicated that engaging in physical activity during the period (~3.5 hr) leading up to an assessment was associated with improvements in processing speed equivalent to 4 years of cognitive aging. Such improvements were observed for both light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels. No association was observed for visuospatial working memory accuracy; however, response time during the working memory task reliably mirrored the association observed for processing speed. The short-term benefits were observed, particularly, for individuals with an overall higher frequency of reported physical activity.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that engaging in everyday physical activity of any intensity level may have short-term, acute benefits for cognitive health and point to new potential targets for intervention.

Clinical trial information: NCT03240406.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist medications are receiving high levels of attention because of their dramatic efficacy in causing weight loss. This commentary discusses several ways that those in behavioral medicine and health psychology might think about these medications-whether they should be fully in support of them or whether they pose a risk. The positive aspects of GLP-1s include their great promise in improving health independent of weight loss and the perspective that their efficacy frees individuals from the difficulties of behavioral weight maintenance and the associated stigma of "failing" to lose weight. However, GLP-1 agonist medications also risk medicalizing weight and increasing weight stigma (in addition to those on GLP-1 medications being stigmatized for taking the "easy way out"). From a social identity perspective, GLP-1 medications could even be perceived as a tool to eradicate an entire social group-those that identify as higher weight. In terms of clinical care, a patient-centered, weight-inclusive approach will allow for individuals to receive the treatment that fits with their own social and health context. In terms of research, behavioral medicine should shift away from weight loss interventions simply to lower body mass index, and instead intervene on actual health markers, disease endpoints, or healthy behaviors. Doing so will improve health regardless of a person's weight or whether they are on GLP-1 agonist medications.