Pub Date : 2002-02-01DOI: 10.1046/J.1442-2034.2002.00124.X
K. Leung, D. Fong
Objective: To review the pattern of head injury among the paediatric population. Method: The hospital records of all patients younger than 12 years of age who had been admitted to the Neurosurgical Department at Tuen Mun Hospital for head injury between January 1992 and June 1996 were reviewed. The demographic data, causes and location of injury, initial Glasgow Coma Scale, associating symptoms and signs, radiological findings, and outcome were analyzed. Results: A total of 1240 patients were registered, the male to female ratio being 1.7 : 1. Annual incidence was 1.7 per 1000 population, and 41% of patients were younger than 1 year of age. Fall was the commonest cause, accounting for 77.5% of the cases, followed by accidental blow (13.5%), and traffic accident (7.9%). Of theses cases, 1.9% had significant intracranial injuries, of which epidural haematoma accounted for 48% of this category. Conclusions: Recognizing the pattern of head injury among children helps to identify any high-risk groups and environment, which will then help us to design more appropriate preventive measures. Chinese Abstract Figure Chinese Abstract.
{"title":"Pattern of head injury among the paediatric population: Experience of a local neurosurgical centre","authors":"K. Leung, D. Fong","doi":"10.1046/J.1442-2034.2002.00124.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1442-2034.2002.00124.X","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: \u0000 \u0000To review the pattern of head injury among the paediatric population. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Method: \u0000 \u0000The hospital records of all patients younger than 12 years of age who had been admitted to the Neurosurgical Department at Tuen Mun Hospital for head injury between January 1992 and June 1996 were reviewed. The demographic data, causes and location of injury, initial Glasgow Coma Scale, associating symptoms and signs, radiological findings, and outcome were analyzed. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results: \u0000 \u0000A total of 1240 patients were registered, the male to female ratio being 1.7 : 1. Annual incidence was 1.7 per 1000 population, and 41% of patients were younger than 1 year of age. Fall was the commonest cause, accounting for 77.5% of the cases, followed by accidental blow (13.5%), and traffic accident (7.9%). Of theses cases, 1.9% had significant intracranial injuries, of which epidural haematoma accounted for 48% of this category. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions: \u0000 \u0000Recognizing the pattern of head injury among children helps to identify any high-risk groups and environment, which will then help us to design more appropriate preventive measures. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Chinese Abstract \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Figure Chinese Abstract.","PeriodicalId":7943,"journal":{"name":"Annals of The College of Surgeons Hong Kong","volume":"29 1","pages":"4-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73695338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-05-01DOI: 10.1046/J.1442-2034.2001.00102.X
D. Carter, R. Finley, J. May, B. Pruitt, Dickson Chang
{"title":"Review of surgical services in the Hospital Authority. Final report submitted to the Coordinating Committee in Surgery: Part 1","authors":"D. Carter, R. Finley, J. May, B. Pruitt, Dickson Chang","doi":"10.1046/J.1442-2034.2001.00102.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1442-2034.2001.00102.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7943,"journal":{"name":"Annals of The College of Surgeons Hong Kong","volume":"30 1","pages":"43-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82599326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-11-01DOI: 10.1046/J.1442-2034.1999.00026.X
Wong Cc, Ting Albert Cw, Chen Wk
Marfan syndrome is a congenital disorder of the connective tissue involving the ocular, skeletal and cardiovascular systems. Cardiovascular complications account mainly for the reduced life expectancy of patients with Marfan syndrome. Thoracic aortic aneurysms usually occur as a result of proximal aortic dissection but aneurysms of the descending aorta are infrequent. We report on a patient with rupture of an extensive thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm (Crawford type III) with a concomitant chronic thoracic aortic dissection (Stanford type A), treated successfully with aneurysmectomy and visceral artery reconstruction. Subsequent surgical intervention for the concomitant chronic thoracic aortic dissection was also performed. The importance of life-long surveillance of the cardiovascular system is highlighted.
{"title":"Leaking thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm in Marfan syndrome","authors":"Wong Cc, Ting Albert Cw, Chen Wk","doi":"10.1046/J.1442-2034.1999.00026.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1442-2034.1999.00026.X","url":null,"abstract":"Marfan syndrome is a congenital disorder of the connective tissue involving the ocular, skeletal and cardiovascular systems. Cardiovascular complications account mainly for the reduced life expectancy of patients with Marfan syndrome. Thoracic aortic aneurysms usually occur as a result of proximal aortic dissection but aneurysms of the descending aorta are infrequent. We report on a patient with rupture of an extensive thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm (Crawford type III) with a concomitant chronic thoracic aortic dissection (Stanford type A), treated successfully with aneurysmectomy and visceral artery reconstruction. Subsequent surgical intervention for the concomitant chronic thoracic aortic dissection was also performed. The importance of life-long surveillance of the cardiovascular system is highlighted.","PeriodicalId":7943,"journal":{"name":"Annals of The College of Surgeons Hong Kong","volume":"22 1","pages":"120-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88288641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-11-01DOI: 10.1046/J.1442-2034.1999.00032.X
Lee Daniel Tai‐Yam, Venu Velayudhan, Kwok Samuel Po‐Yin
Objectives: The study was undertaken to assess the safety and efficacy of sequential intravenous and oral ciprofloxacin in the treatment of moderate-to-severe urinary tract infections (UTI), and to identify risk factors for acquiring UTI caused by ciprofloxacin-resistant organisms. Materials and Methods: Using a prospective, open, single-centre study design, hospitalized patients with a clinical diagnosis of moderately severe UTI were enrolled. After a minimum of 3 days of intravenous ciprofloxacin, patients were switched to oral therapy. Assessment for response and analysis of risk factors were performed at the end of therapy. Results: Between December 1996 and November 1997, a total of 66 patients met the criteria for efficacy evaluation. Among the 55 patients with ciprofloxacin-sensitive organisms, 51 patients (93%) were cured. Persisting infection was noted in three patients (5%) and one patient (2%) was re-infected with a ciprofloxacin-resistant organism. Of the organisms isolated, 14 (19%) were resistant to ciprofloxacin. The presence of prostatic obstruction (odds ratio 6.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28–28.30, P = 0.02) and recurrent UTI (odds ratio 8.63, 95% CI 1.81–41.17, P = 0.007) were independently associated with infections caused by ciprofloxacin-resistant organisms. Adverse events were reported in 5 patients (8%) but no premature discontinuation or mortality was documented. Conclusion: Sequential therapy with oral therapy after initial parenteral ciprofloxacin is safe and effective in the management of moderate-to-severe UTI in appropriately selected patients.
目的:本研究旨在评估顺序静脉注射和口服环丙沙星治疗中重度尿路感染(UTI)的安全性和有效性，并确定由环丙沙星耐药菌引起的尿路感染的危险因素。材料和方法:采用前瞻性、开放性、单中心研究设计，纳入临床诊断为中重度尿路感染的住院患者。经至少3天静脉注射环丙沙星后，患者转为口服治疗。治疗结束时进行疗效评估和危险因素分析。结果:1996年12月至1997年11月，66例患者符合疗效评价标准。55例环丙沙星敏感菌中，51例(93%)治愈。3例患者(5%)持续感染，1例患者(2%)再次感染耐环丙沙星菌。在分离的微生物中，14个(19%)对环丙沙星耐药。前列腺阻塞(优势比6.02,95%可信区间(CI) 1.28 ~ 28.30, P = 0.02)和尿路感染复发(优势比8.63,95% CI 1.81 ~ 41.17, P = 0.007)与环丙沙星耐药菌引起的感染独立相关。5例患者(8%)报告了不良事件，但没有记录过早停药或死亡。结论:在适当选择的患者中，初始静脉注射环丙沙星后口服序贯治疗是安全有效的。
{"title":"Efficacy of ciprofloxacin in urinary tract infections and risk factors for ciprofloxacin‐resistant infections","authors":"Lee Daniel Tai‐Yam, Venu Velayudhan, Kwok Samuel Po‐Yin","doi":"10.1046/J.1442-2034.1999.00032.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1442-2034.1999.00032.X","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The study was undertaken to assess the safety and efficacy of sequential intravenous and oral ciprofloxacin in the treatment of moderate-to-severe urinary tract infections (UTI), and to identify risk factors for acquiring UTI caused by ciprofloxacin-resistant organisms. \u0000 \u0000Materials and Methods: Using a prospective, open, single-centre study design, hospitalized patients with a clinical diagnosis of moderately severe UTI were enrolled. After a minimum of 3 days of intravenous ciprofloxacin, patients were switched to oral therapy. Assessment for response and analysis of risk factors were performed at the end of therapy. \u0000 \u0000Results: Between December 1996 and November 1997, a total of 66 patients met the criteria for efficacy evaluation. Among the 55 patients with ciprofloxacin-sensitive organisms, 51 patients (93%) were cured. Persisting infection was noted in three patients (5%) and one patient (2%) was re-infected with a ciprofloxacin-resistant organism. Of the organisms isolated, 14 (19%) were resistant to ciprofloxacin. The presence of prostatic obstruction (odds ratio 6.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28–28.30, P = 0.02) and recurrent UTI (odds ratio 8.63, 95% CI 1.81–41.17, P = 0.007) were independently associated with infections caused by ciprofloxacin-resistant organisms. Adverse events were reported in 5 patients (8%) but no premature discontinuation or mortality was documented. \u0000 \u0000Conclusion: Sequential therapy with oral therapy after initial parenteral ciprofloxacin is safe and effective in the management of moderate-to-severe UTI in appropriately selected patients.","PeriodicalId":7943,"journal":{"name":"Annals of The College of Surgeons Hong Kong","volume":"30 1","pages":"115-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81373223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-11-01DOI: 10.1046/J.1442-2034.1999.00034.X
Tsang Wilson Wc, Tang Cn, Siu Wt, Lindsay Kw
Until now, over 20 years has elapsed since the first conduction of laparoscopic liver resection (LLR), which was reported in 1991 for the treatment of benign liver tumors incidentally found in a gynecologic laparoscopic surgery [1]. Although numerous doctors attempted to perform LLR after the abovementioned case, the development of minimally invasive hepatic surgery was slow in the first decade, when most of the cases were laparoscopic cystic fenestration. What is more, the resections of solid tumor were mainly limited in the left lateral section or the margins of the liver [2], and very few specialized centers attempted and managed to perform laparoscopic major liver resection, which was defined as resections of three or more liver segments.
{"title":"Laparoscopic Liver Resection","authors":"Tsang Wilson Wc, Tang Cn, Siu Wt, Lindsay Kw","doi":"10.1046/J.1442-2034.1999.00034.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1442-2034.1999.00034.X","url":null,"abstract":"Until now, over 20 years has elapsed since the first conduction of laparoscopic liver resection (LLR), which was reported in 1991 for the treatment of benign liver tumors incidentally found in a gynecologic laparoscopic surgery [1]. Although numerous doctors attempted to perform LLR after the abovementioned case, the development of minimally invasive hepatic surgery was slow in the first decade, when most of the cases were laparoscopic cystic fenestration. What is more, the resections of solid tumor were mainly limited in the left lateral section or the margins of the liver [2], and very few specialized centers attempted and managed to perform laparoscopic major liver resection, which was defined as resections of three or more liver segments.","PeriodicalId":7943,"journal":{"name":"Annals of The College of Surgeons Hong Kong","volume":"58 1","pages":"124-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76432534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-11-01DOI: 10.1046/J.1442-2034.1999.00013.X
Tong Wc
The FRCSEd/FCSHK is a significant hurdle for all basic surgical trainees in Hong Kong to overcome in order to proceed to higher surgical training. This paper contains a comprehensive analysis of section B and C of the FRCSEd/FCSHK and provides practical advice for candidates on how to pass the examination.
{"title":"Guide for passing sections B and C of the FRCSEd/FCSHK: 3. Advice on the clinical examination","authors":"Tong Wc","doi":"10.1046/J.1442-2034.1999.00013.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1442-2034.1999.00013.X","url":null,"abstract":"The FRCSEd/FCSHK is a significant hurdle for all basic surgical trainees in Hong Kong to overcome in order to proceed to higher surgical training. This paper contains a comprehensive analysis of section B and C of the FRCSEd/FCSHK and provides practical advice for candidates on how to pass the examination.","PeriodicalId":7943,"journal":{"name":"Annals of The College of Surgeons Hong Kong","volume":"35 1 1","pages":"103-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75683247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-11-01DOI: 10.1046/J.1442-2034.1999.00035.X
Leung Lok Sang, Y. Chun
Erectile dysfunction is a common benign disorder with significant impact on the quality of life of patients. Ten percent of the male adult population is affected. Sildenafil has been proven to be an effective and safe oral medication for the treatment of erectile dysfunction with a response rate of 78%. The incidence of side effects is low (10%) and side effects are usually mild and transient. The drug should be prescribed only after proper history taking, physical examination and basic investigations.
{"title":"Sildenafil (Viagra®) and erectile dysfunction","authors":"Leung Lok Sang, Y. Chun","doi":"10.1046/J.1442-2034.1999.00035.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1442-2034.1999.00035.X","url":null,"abstract":"Erectile dysfunction is a common benign disorder with significant impact on the quality of life of patients. Ten percent of the male adult population is affected. Sildenafil has been proven to be an effective and safe oral medication for the treatment of erectile dysfunction with a response rate of 78%. The incidence of side effects is low (10%) and side effects are usually mild and transient. The drug should be prescribed only after proper history taking, physical examination and basic investigations.","PeriodicalId":7943,"journal":{"name":"Annals of The College of Surgeons Hong Kong","volume":"46 1","pages":"99-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85184077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-11-01DOI: 10.1046/J.1442-2034.1999.00033.X
Yuen Man-Fung, Lai Ching-Lung
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second commonest cancer in Hong Kong. Recent advances show that HCC can be derived from hepatocytes and from progenitor oval cells. Those from progenitor oval cells express both hepatocyte and biliary markers and are associated with poorer differentiation, more cellular proliferation, more aggressive clinical course and poorer prognosis. Patients with HCC usually present late and the choice of treatment modalities will be limited. Screening for early subclinical HCC in high-risk groups is indicated. In patients diagnosed by screening, the clinical parameters were significantly more favourable, with a higher resectability rate, a higher chance of responding to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and a better survival. Treatment for HCC at present is still not satisfactory because of the late presentation, low resection rate, the high recurrence/new occurrence rate and the high prevalence of background cirrhosis. Surgical resection remains the first choice of treatment. However, there is a high recurrence rate. Medical treatment for inoperable HCC can be divided into systemic and local/regional therapy. To date, there are relatively few randomized controlled trials. Systemic therapy consists of the use of doxorubicin, alpha-interferon, tamoxifen or combination therapy. For the local/regional therapy, alcohol injection and TACE with lipiodol are the two commonly used methods. Selective intra-arterial infusion of 90yttrium has also been described. Randomized controlled trials are urgently needed to assess the efficacy of various medical treatments.
{"title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma: Screening and non-surgical treatment","authors":"Yuen Man-Fung, Lai Ching-Lung","doi":"10.1046/J.1442-2034.1999.00033.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1442-2034.1999.00033.X","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second commonest cancer in Hong Kong. Recent advances show that HCC can be derived from hepatocytes and from progenitor oval cells. Those from progenitor oval cells express both hepatocyte and biliary markers and are associated with poorer differentiation, more cellular proliferation, more aggressive clinical course and poorer prognosis. Patients with HCC usually present late and the choice of treatment modalities will be limited. Screening for early subclinical HCC in high-risk groups is indicated. In patients diagnosed by screening, the clinical parameters were significantly more favourable, with a higher resectability rate, a higher chance of responding to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and a better survival. Treatment for HCC at present is still not satisfactory because of the late presentation, low resection rate, the high recurrence/new occurrence rate and the high prevalence of background cirrhosis. Surgical resection remains the first choice of treatment. However, there is a high recurrence rate. Medical treatment for inoperable HCC can be divided into systemic and local/regional therapy. To date, there are relatively few randomized controlled trials. Systemic therapy consists of the use of doxorubicin, alpha-interferon, tamoxifen or combination therapy. For the local/regional therapy, alcohol injection and TACE with lipiodol are the two commonly used methods. Selective intra-arterial infusion of 90yttrium has also been described. Randomized controlled trials are urgently needed to assess the efficacy of various medical treatments.","PeriodicalId":7943,"journal":{"name":"Annals of The College of Surgeons Hong Kong","volume":"1 1","pages":"107-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76963491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-11-01DOI: 10.1046/J.1442-2034.1999.00036.X
J. Lau
{"title":"The College of Surgeons of Hong Kong: Continuing professional development","authors":"J. Lau","doi":"10.1046/J.1442-2034.1999.00036.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1442-2034.1999.00036.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7943,"journal":{"name":"Annals of The College of Surgeons Hong Kong","volume":"50 1","pages":"137-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83670549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-11-01DOI: 10.1046/J.1442-2034.1999.00027.X
F. Tai
The art, craft and science of surgery is a highly interpersonal skill, central to a variety of traditions and cultures throughout human history. The development of surgery parallels the evolution of the human race from prehistory to the present time. This review attempts to examine the changing concepts and practices in surgery from the earliest era, enshrouded in mysticism and magic, through a manual craft performed by barbers and artisans, to a dignified profession based on science and technology. The evolution of surgery in the previous millennia is reviewed against the culture and morals, the politics and religion, and the philosophy and science of its period; in so doing assessing its perspective on the threshold of a new millennium.
{"title":"The origins of surgery: 1. From prehistory to Renaissance*","authors":"F. Tai","doi":"10.1046/J.1442-2034.1999.00027.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1442-2034.1999.00027.X","url":null,"abstract":"The art, craft and science of surgery is a highly interpersonal skill, central to a variety of traditions and cultures throughout human history. The development of surgery parallels the evolution of the human race from prehistory to the present time. This review attempts to examine the changing concepts and practices in surgery from the earliest era, enshrouded in mysticism and magic, through a manual craft performed by barbers and artisans, to a dignified profession based on science and technology. The evolution of surgery in the previous millennia is reviewed against the culture and morals, the politics and religion, and the philosophy and science of its period; in so doing assessing its perspective on the threshold of a new millennium.","PeriodicalId":7943,"journal":{"name":"Annals of The College of Surgeons Hong Kong","volume":"89 1","pages":"127-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78369417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：