Pathology (Philadelphia, Pa.)最新文献

As lung transplant patients are being returned more quickly to their own communities and physicians, pathologists will be challenged more frequently to provide immediate diagnoses to distinguish infection from rejection. This chapter provides a guide for meeting this challenge and discusses in detail rejection of the graft, infection in the graft, other pathology in the graft, and the procedures for evaluating and distinguishing among these conditions.

Large nodules occurring within cirrhotic livers are not necessarily indicative of hepatocellular carcinoma. They actually fall into three distinct histologic categories, which have been labeled in different ways by different investigators. Standardized nomenclature under consideration by the World Congress of Gastroenterology is outlined here, as are the diagnostic features, therapy, and prognosis for these lesions.

The poor survival rate for patients with regional lymph node metastases of malignant melanoma reflects the strong association between lymph node and subsequent visceral metastases. The authors discuss clinical considerations, pathologic risk factors, selective lymphadenectomy, examination of lymph node dissections, difficulties of diagnosis, and prognosis.

Complications following orthotopic liver transplantation are often difficult to differentiate from each other. Based on their experience with more than 1,800 transplantations, the authors strive to describe the varied histologic appearances of allograft injuries and how they differ.

Numerous chromosomal aberrations have been identified by karyotyping cell lines of malignant melanoma. The author discusses specific recurrent aberrations, patterns of familial occurrence, and frontiers for future research.

Patients who do not consume alcohol may have hepatic lesions that are characteristic of those of alcoholic liver disease: portal fibrosis, sinusoidal collagen deposition, fatty change, parenchymal neutrophilic exudate, and Mallory body deposition. Here, the author discusses entities that mimic alcoholic liver disease on biopsy and disorders that have morphologic features also seen in alcoholic liver disease.

FNAB of the liver is a diagnostic test that can be used to identify the vast majority of neoplasms of a primary or metastatic nature. Well-prepared FNAB samples, in conjunction with cell button preparations, and correlation with the clinical history are necessary for optimal results. Even with the best of samples, however, well-differentiated hepatocellular neoplasms, both benign and malignant, and rare lesions still can remain difficult to diagnose by FNAB.

In 1992 an impartial scientific panel concluded that the term "dysplastic nevus" has created significant confusion and thus has outlived its usefulness. This chapter reviews the evolution of the controversy and offers a basis for understanding the panel's recommendations.

Recent advances in molecular biology have led to the development of techniques that have the potential to allow rapid quantitative detection of viral particles. Research kits using some of these techniques are available for the detection of HBV and HCV. The principles of these tests and their potential clinical utility and limitations are presented.

Autoimmune hepatitis is a liver disorder that typically affects young women. This comprehensive review addresses the condition's etiology, clinical features, laboratory tests, autoantibodies, pathology, immunohistochemistry, genetics, and other factors of interest to clinicians. Autoimmune cholangitis is also discussed.