Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.12968/indn.2006.1.4.73967
Yeshimebet Ali Dawed, Shambel Aychew Tsegaw, E. Amsalu
Supporting mothers to continue breastfeeding is a public health priority. Scientific studies identify challenges to optimal breastfeeding practice. Exclusive breastfeeding is one of the core indicators of infant and young child feeding, among strategies for reducing infant morbidity and mortality. It determines future growth and development of the infants both in physical and mental health. As the principle of implementation science designing evidence-based intervention strategies and support addressing individual and community level factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice through policies and programs was essential to improve infant feeding practice and quality of life. Therefore, emphasis should be given to encouraging women to be educated, employed, and empowered to have ANC and PNC follow-ups, and to improve their decision-making power on themselves and their infant health care for saving lives of the infants and reduction of economic losses of a country. Breastfeeding support mainly focuses on empowering women, providing emotional, instrumental, information, flexible working time, appraisal of their performance, support at individual, community, and policy level interventions with the concept of implementation science need to be implemented. This chapter intended to provide evidence-based infant feeding intervention strategies for mothers, students, health professionals, and policymakers for better implementation.
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Pub Date : 2012-01-01DOI: 10.1097/jpn.0000000000000040
Molly M. Kealy
Editor—Crawford in his editorial on population strategies to prevent obesity has not mentioned an important factor in the aetiology of obesity: the method by which infants are fed. Von Kries et al found that a history of three to five months of exclusive breast feeding was associated with a 35% reduction in obesity at the age of 5 to 6 years, which was not accounted for by social factors, lifestyle, etc. They discuss the evidence for a programming effect of breast feeding in preventing obesity and being overweight in later life. Gilman et al found that infants who were fed breast milk more than infant formula milk, or who were breast fed for longer periods, had a lower risk of being overweight during older childhood and adolescence. These results are consistent with those of the DARLING study, which showed that infants who received no milk other than breast milk in the first 12 months were lighter than formula fed infants, though of similar length and head circumference. This study also found that energy intake of breastfed infants was lower than that of formula fed infants, even after the introduction of solids; the authors say that comparatively low energy intakes are a function of self regulation in breastfed infants. Breastfeeding mothers also lose weight after pregnancy more effectively than those who feed artificially, an advantage seen over at least the first 12 months of breast feeding. Vigorous marketing of junk food is often implicated in the obesity epidemic. What about inappropriate marketing of infant formula milk? In the United Kingdom, with its limited legal restraints, manufacturers can and do actively promote infant feeding bottles, teats, and follow-on formula milk to the public in contravention of the international code of marketing of breast milk substitutes. This recently drew comment from the UN Committee on the Convention on the Rights of the Child. In its observations of 4 October 2002 the committee recommended that the United Kingdom takes all appropriate measures to promote breast feeding and adopt the international code of marketing of breast milk substitutes in light of its low rates of breast feeding. Measures to promote and support breast feeding, including legislation and promotion of artificial feeding, seem to be a rational approach to preventing obesity.
{"title":"Preventing obesity.","authors":"Molly M. Kealy","doi":"10.1097/jpn.0000000000000040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/jpn.0000000000000040","url":null,"abstract":"Editor—Crawford in his editorial on population strategies to prevent obesity has not mentioned an important factor in the aetiology of obesity: the method by which infants are fed. Von Kries et al found that a history of three to five months of exclusive breast feeding was associated with a 35% reduction in obesity at the age of 5 to 6 years, which was not accounted for by social factors, lifestyle, etc. They discuss the evidence for a programming effect of breast feeding in preventing obesity and being overweight in later life. Gilman et al found that infants who were fed breast milk more than infant formula milk, or who were breast fed for longer periods, had a lower risk of being overweight during older childhood and adolescence. These results are consistent with those of the DARLING study, which showed that infants who received no milk other than breast milk in the first 12 months were lighter than formula fed infants, though of similar length and head circumference. This study also found that energy intake of breastfed infants was lower than that of formula fed infants, even after the introduction of solids; the authors say that comparatively low energy intakes are a function of self regulation in breastfed infants. Breastfeeding mothers also lose weight after pregnancy more effectively than those who feed artificially, an advantage seen over at least the first 12 months of breast feeding. Vigorous marketing of junk food is often implicated in the obesity epidemic. What about inappropriate marketing of infant formula milk? In the United Kingdom, with its limited legal restraints, manufacturers can and do actively promote infant feeding bottles, teats, and follow-on formula milk to the public in contravention of the international code of marketing of breast milk substitutes. This recently drew comment from the UN Committee on the Convention on the Rights of the Child. In its observations of 4 October 2002 the committee recommended that the United Kingdom takes all appropriate measures to promote breast feeding and adopt the international code of marketing of breast milk substitutes in light of its low rates of breast feeding. Measures to promote and support breast feeding, including legislation and promotion of artificial feeding, seem to be a rational approach to preventing obesity.","PeriodicalId":79475,"journal":{"name":"AWHONN lifelines","volume":"7 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/jpn.0000000000000040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61790622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1552-6356.2006.00095.x
Glenn V. Breen MDiv, MTh, Sheri. Price MN, RN, Margaret. Lake MDiv
A high‐risk pregnancy can be a stressful situation for a woman, her partner and her family
Many women utilize their spiritual beliefs as a way to make sense of their situation. Health care professionals, including nurses, midwives and physicians, can provide effective spiritual care and support consistent with their professional scopes of practice. Spiritually focused interventions can help to reduce stress and anxiety and create a more open and confident approach to the management of pregnancy complications.
{"title":"Another Aspect of Patient Care","authors":"Glenn V. Breen MDiv, MTh, Sheri. Price MN, RN, Margaret. Lake MDiv","doi":"10.1111/j.1552-6356.2006.00095.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1552-6356.2006.00095.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>A high‐risk pregnancy can be a stressful situation for a woman, her partner and her family</h3><p>\u2028Many women utilize their spiritual beliefs as a way to make sense of their situation. Health care professionals, including nurses, midwives and physicians, can provide effective spiritual care and support consistent with their professional scopes of practice. Spiritually focused interventions can help to reduce stress and anxiety and create a more open and confident approach to the management of pregnancy complications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":79475,"journal":{"name":"AWHONN lifelines","volume":"10 6","pages":"Pages 467-473"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1552-6356.2006.00095.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71977143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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