首页 > 最新文献

The Science of Nature最新文献

英文 中文
Cohesion depends on kinship but no permanent leadership in larval societies of a Neotropical butterfly 凝聚力依赖于亲缘关系,但在新热带蝴蝶的幼虫社会中没有永久的领导地位。
IF 1.954 3区 生物学 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-023-01877-2
Daniela Rodrigues, Felipe Lee Pinheiro Machado

In gregarious species, coordinated responses to environmental stimuli are important for a successful habitat and/or food selection. In this sense, maintenance of group cohesion after stochastic disturbances and during collective movements is expected to be advantageous, as is the existence of group leaders. Through laboratory experiments, we examined whether clusters of early instars of Mechanitis polymnia casabranca have both leaders and followers, as well as whether larvae are able to reaggregate depending on neighbors’ degree of kinship. In the leadership experiment, clusters of second and third instars were placed in a trail arena having a stimulus leaf at its ending point. Every larva moving ahead from the group was recorded as a leader, and the remaining ones were followers. We also examined whether leaders were temporary or permanent. Of the 195 larvae tested, 22 were permanent leaders (11.28%), 71 larvae were assigned as temporary leaders (36.41%), and 102 larvae never behaved as leaders (52.31%). In the larval cohesion experiment, three treatments were assigned: (i) sibling larvae reared and tested together, (ii) sibling larvae separated after eclosion and tested together, and (iii) non-sibling larvae reared separated and tested together. Sibling larvae reaggregated significantly more compared to non-siblings, regardless of whether they were reared together or separately. Our results show that early instars of M. polymnia casabranca from the same egg cluster are able to recompose aggregations after disrupting disturbances and that group decision-making is mostly dependent on transient leaders.

在群居物种中,对环境刺激的协调反应对于成功选择栖息地和/或食物很重要。从这个意义上说,在随机扰动之后和集体运动期间保持群体凝聚力是有利的,群体领导者的存在也是有利的。通过实验室实验,我们检验了卡氏多菌(Mechanitis polymia casabranca)的早龄集群是否既有领导者也有追随者,以及幼虫是否能够根据邻居的亲缘程度重新聚集。在领导力实验中,将2龄和3龄的成虫集群放置在终点有刺激叶的步道中。每一只从群体中向前移动的幼虫都被记录为领导者,剩下的幼虫则是追随者。我们还审查了领导人是临时的还是永久的。在测试的195只幼虫中,22只是永久领导者(11.28%),71只被指定为临时领导者(36.41%),102只从未表现为领导者(52.31%)。在幼虫凝聚力实验中,分配了三个处理:(i)兄弟幼虫一起饲养和测试;(ii)兄弟幼虫羽化后分离并一起测试,和(iii)分开饲养并一起测试的非兄弟幼虫。无论是一起饲养还是分开饲养,兄弟姐妹幼虫的重新聚集量都明显高于非兄弟姐妹。我们的结果表明,来自同一卵簇的M.polymania casabranca的早期幼虫能够在干扰后重新组合群落,并且群体决策主要取决于瞬时领导者。
{"title":"Cohesion depends on kinship but no permanent leadership in larval societies of a Neotropical butterfly","authors":"Daniela Rodrigues,&nbsp;Felipe Lee Pinheiro Machado","doi":"10.1007/s00114-023-01877-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-023-01877-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In gregarious species, coordinated responses to environmental stimuli are important for a successful habitat and/or food selection. In this sense, maintenance of group cohesion after stochastic disturbances and during collective movements is expected to be advantageous, as is the existence of group leaders. Through laboratory experiments, we examined whether clusters of early instars of <i>Mechanitis polymnia casabranca</i> have both leaders and followers, as well as whether larvae are able to reaggregate depending on neighbors’ degree of kinship. In the leadership experiment, clusters of second and third instars were placed in a trail arena having a stimulus leaf at its ending point. Every larva moving ahead from the group was recorded as a leader, and the remaining ones were followers. We also examined whether leaders were temporary or permanent. Of the 195 larvae tested, 22 were permanent leaders (11.28%), 71 larvae were assigned as temporary leaders (36.41%), and 102 larvae never behaved as leaders (52.31%). In the larval cohesion experiment, three treatments were assigned: (i) sibling larvae reared and tested together, (ii) sibling larvae separated after eclosion and tested together, and (iii) non-sibling larvae reared separated and tested together. Sibling larvae reaggregated significantly more compared to non-siblings, regardless of whether they were reared together or separately. Our results show that early instars of <i>M. polymnia casabranca</i> from the same egg cluster are able to recompose aggregations after disrupting disturbances and that group decision-making is mostly dependent on transient leaders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"110 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.954,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10277384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Osmophores and petal surface traits in Bignonieae species 木犀科植物的渗透层和花瓣表面特征。
IF 1.954 3区 生物学 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-023-01873-6
Karise Mamede Macedo, Priscila Tunes, Letícia de Almeida Gonçalves, Yve Canaveze, Elza Guimarães, Silvia Rodrigues Machado

Abstract

This study characterizes the osmophores and corolla traits in 18 species of Bignonieae Dumort., a Bignoniaceae tribe occurring in the Cerrado, a neotropical savanna in Brazil. To detect osmophore distribution, whole, newly opened flowers were immersed in Neutral Red Solution. Samples from the corolla tube and lobes were also fixed and analyzed micromorphologically, anatomically, and histochemically. The osmophores showed six markedly different distribution patterns that were not clearly associated with histological features. In most species, osmophores comprised papillose secretory epidermises and a few layers of subepidermal parenchyma. Starch grains, lipid droplets, and terpenes were detected in osmophores. An ornamented cuticle, cuticular folds, glandular and non-glandular trichomes, raised stomata and epicuticular wax granules are common traits in the species studied and may be useful in determining the taxonomy of the group. We found that 94% of the species visited by bees had papillose epidermises while the single hummingbird-pollinated species presented a flattened epidermis. Variations in osmophore pattern among species visited by bees, including variations within the same plant genus, are novel finding. Additionally, the Bignonieae species visited by bees presented a textured corolla surface, which has been reported as facilitating bee attachment and movement towards the floral resource. Future studies with a greater number of Bignonieae species and more detailed pollinator behavioral assays may help in the interpretation of the variations in corolla traits and functional relationships between flowers and pollinators.

本研究对18种双花科植物的渗透小体和花冠性状进行了研究。,巴西新热带稀树草原塞拉多的一个比格诺科部落。为了检测渗透压物质的分布,将新开的整朵花浸泡在中性红溶液中。来自花冠筒和裂片的样本也被固定并进行微观形态、解剖学和组织化学分析。渗透压载体显示出六种明显不同的分布模式,这些模式与组织学特征没有明显关联。在大多数物种中,渗透载体包括乳头状突起分泌表皮和几层表皮下薄壁组织。渗透压载体中检测到淀粉颗粒、脂滴和萜烯。有装饰的角质层、角质褶皱、腺毛和非腺毛、凸起的气孔和表皮蜡颗粒是所研究物种的常见特征,可能有助于确定该类群的分类学。我们发现,蜜蜂造访的物种中,94%都有乳头状表皮,而单一的蜂鸟授粉物种则呈现扁平的表皮。蜜蜂造访的物种之间渗透小体模式的变化,包括同一植物属内的变化,是一项新发现。此外,蜜蜂造访的比格诺科物种的花冠表面有纹理,据报道,这有助于蜜蜂附着和向花卉资源移动。未来对更多大花科物种和更详细的传粉昆虫行为分析的研究可能有助于解释花朵和传粉昆虫之间的花冠性状和功能关系的变化。
{"title":"Osmophores and petal surface traits in Bignonieae species","authors":"Karise Mamede Macedo,&nbsp;Priscila Tunes,&nbsp;Letícia de Almeida Gonçalves,&nbsp;Yve Canaveze,&nbsp;Elza Guimarães,&nbsp;Silvia Rodrigues Machado","doi":"10.1007/s00114-023-01873-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-023-01873-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h2>Abstract </h2><div><p>This study characterizes the osmophores and corolla traits in 18 species of Bignonieae Dumort., a Bignoniaceae tribe occurring in the Cerrado, a neotropical savanna in Brazil. To detect osmophore distribution, whole, newly opened flowers were immersed in Neutral Red Solution. Samples from the corolla tube and lobes were also fixed and analyzed micromorphologically, anatomically, and histochemically. The osmophores showed six markedly different distribution patterns that were not clearly associated with histological features. In most species, osmophores comprised papillose secretory epidermises and a few layers of subepidermal parenchyma. Starch grains, lipid droplets, and terpenes were detected in osmophores. An ornamented cuticle, cuticular folds, glandular and non-glandular trichomes, raised stomata and epicuticular wax granules are common traits in the species studied and may be useful in determining the taxonomy of the group. We found that 94% of the species visited by bees had papillose epidermises while the single hummingbird-pollinated species presented a flattened epidermis. Variations in osmophore pattern among species visited by bees, including variations within the same plant genus, are novel finding. Additionally, the Bignonieae species visited by bees presented a textured corolla surface, which has been reported as facilitating bee attachment and movement towards the floral resource. Future studies with a greater number of Bignonieae species and more detailed pollinator behavioral assays may help in the interpretation of the variations in corolla traits and functional relationships between flowers and pollinators.</p></div></div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"110 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.954,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10200850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spiro’s portrait of Arnold Berliner—a testimonial to a deep friendship 斯皮罗为阿诺德·贝利奈所作的肖像画是对深厚友谊的纪念。
IF 1.954 3区 生物学 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-09-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-023-01872-7
Stefan L. Wolff
{"title":"Spiro’s portrait of Arnold Berliner—a testimonial to a deep friendship","authors":"Stefan L. Wolff","doi":"10.1007/s00114-023-01872-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-023-01872-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"110 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.954,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10474972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10161447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A new large pantherine and a sabre-toothed cat (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae) from the late Miocene hominoid-bearing Khorat sand pits, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, northeastern Thailand 泰国东北部呵叻府晚中新世古人类Khorat砂坑中发现的一种大型豹属动物和一种剑齿猫科动物(哺乳目,食肉目,猫科动物科)
IF 1.954 3区 生物学 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-023-01867-4
L. de Bonis, Y. Chaimanee, C. Grohé, O. Chavasseau, A. Mazurier, K. Suraprasit, J.J. Jaeger

We describe two large predators from the hominoid-bearing Khorat sand pits, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, northeastern Thailand: a new genus of pantherine, Pachypanthera n. gen., represented by partial mandible and maxilla and an indeterminate sabre-toothed cat, represented by a fragment of upper canine. The morphological characters of Pachypanthera n. gen., notably the large and powerful canine, the great robustness of the mandibular body, the very deep fossa for the m. masseter, the zigzag HSB enamel pattern, indicate bone-cracking capacities. The genus is unique among Felidae as it has one of the most powerful and robust mandibles ever found. Moreover, it may be the oldest known pantherine, as other Asian pantherines are dated back to the early Pliocene. The taxa we report here are the only carnivorans known from the late Miocene of Thailand. Although the material is rather scarce, it brings new insights to the evolutionary history of Neogene mammals of Southeast Asia, in a geographic place which is partly “terra incognita.”

我们描述了在泰国东北部那空叻府的可拉特沙坑中发现的两种大型食肉动物:一种新的猫科动物,Pachypanthera n. gen.,以部分下颌骨和上颌骨为代表;一种不确定的剑齿猫科动物,以上犬科动物的碎片为代表。厚齿龙的形态特征,特别是大而有力的犬齿,下颌体的坚固性,咬齿龙非常深的窝,锯齿形的HSB牙釉质图案,表明它们具有开裂骨骼的能力。该属在Felidae中是独一无二的,因为它拥有迄今为止发现的最有力、最强健的下颌骨之一。此外,它可能是已知最古老的豹属猫科动物,因为其他亚洲豹属猫科动物的历史可以追溯到上新世早期。我们在这里报道的分类群是泰国中新世晚期已知的唯一食肉动物。虽然材料相当稀少,但它为东南亚新近纪哺乳动物的进化史带来了新的见解,这一地理位置在一定程度上是“未知领域”。
{"title":"A new large pantherine and a sabre-toothed cat (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae) from the late Miocene hominoid-bearing Khorat sand pits, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, northeastern Thailand","authors":"L. de Bonis,&nbsp;Y. Chaimanee,&nbsp;C. Grohé,&nbsp;O. Chavasseau,&nbsp;A. Mazurier,&nbsp;K. Suraprasit,&nbsp;J.J. Jaeger","doi":"10.1007/s00114-023-01867-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-023-01867-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We describe two large predators from the hominoid-bearing Khorat sand pits, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, northeastern Thailand: a new genus of pantherine, <i>Pachypanthera </i>n. gen., represented by partial mandible and maxilla and an indeterminate sabre-toothed cat, represented by a fragment of upper canine. The morphological characters of <i>Pachypanthera</i> n. gen., notably the large and powerful canine, the great robustness of the mandibular body, the very deep fossa for the m. masseter, the zigzag HSB enamel pattern, indicate bone-cracking capacities. The genus is unique among Felidae as it has one of the most powerful and robust mandibles ever found. Moreover, it may be the oldest known pantherine, as other Asian pantherines are dated back to the early Pliocene. The taxa we report here are the only carnivorans known from the late Miocene of Thailand. Although the material is rather scarce, it brings new insights to the evolutionary history of Neogene mammals of Southeast Asia, in a geographic place which is partly “terra incognita.”</p></div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"110 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.954,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4929042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A Smart Simple Virtual Instrument for Measuring the Electrical Signal 一种用于电信号测量的智能简易虚拟仪器
IF 1.954 3区 生物学 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.30598/snvol4iss2pp338-345year2021
Ronaldo Talapessy, T. Ikegami
Real-time measurement, especially in analyzing the electrical waveform, is necessary to explore physical phenomena. Virtual instrumentations have been studied for various applications such as water existence, characterization and modeling of electrical impedance, and electrical resistivity. This research presents software, a Graphical User Interface (GUI) was programmed in a LabVIEW environment that has been implemented to monitor and analyze the square wave. A pulse generator generated an electrical signal. The alteration of the current and potential wave presented in the measurement is used to determine resistivity. Additionally, the GUI can be proposed to investigate the electrical properties of materials in the subsurface using the electrical method.
实时测量,特别是分析电波形,是探索物理现象的必要条件。虚拟仪器已经研究了各种应用,如水的存在,表征和建模的电阻抗,和电阻率。本研究在LabVIEW环境下编写了图形用户界面(GUI),实现了方波的监测与分析。脉冲发生器产生电信号。测量中出现的电流和电位波的变化用来确定电阻率。此外,图形用户界面可用于使用电学方法研究地下材料的电学性质。
{"title":"A Smart Simple Virtual Instrument for Measuring the Electrical Signal","authors":"Ronaldo Talapessy, T. Ikegami","doi":"10.30598/snvol4iss2pp338-345year2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30598/snvol4iss2pp338-345year2021","url":null,"abstract":"Real-time measurement, especially in analyzing the electrical waveform, is necessary to explore physical phenomena. Virtual instrumentations have been studied for various applications such as water existence, characterization and modeling of electrical impedance, and electrical resistivity. This research presents software, a Graphical User Interface (GUI) was programmed in a LabVIEW environment that has been implemented to monitor and analyze the square wave. A pulse generator generated an electrical signal. The alteration of the current and potential wave presented in the measurement is used to determine resistivity. Additionally, the GUI can be proposed to investigate the electrical properties of materials in the subsurface using the electrical method.","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.954,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76896155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inferring the lifestyles of extinct Crocodyliformes using osteoderm ornamentation 利用骨皮纹饰推断已灭绝鳄鱼形动物的生活方式
IF 1.954 3区 生物学 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-08-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-023-01871-8
Mariana Valéria de Araújo Sena, Jorge Cubo

Osteoderms are bony plates formed within the dermis of diverse vertebrate groups. They are present in all crocodylomorphs but Metriorhynchidae. Most of them show typical bone ornamentation consisting of pits and ridges on their outer surface. The most widely discussed functional hypothesis suggests that the ornamentation of osteoderms influences heat exchange with the environment through the adjacent vascular network, facilitating the absorption of solar radiation. This process allows semiaquatic crocodiles to compensate for heat loss resulting from the high thermal conductivity of surrounding water. In order to test this assertion, we conducted a phylogenetic logistic regression analysis to evaluate the relationship between osteoderm relative area of pits (RAP) and lifestyle (terrestrial versus aquatic) in a sample of crocodyliforms. Our results revealed that lifestyle is significantly explained by RAP: the lower the degree of ornamentation (RAP), the higher the probability of a terrestrial lifestyle. We used this model to infer the lifestyle of two extinct taxa, Peirosaurus torminni and Microsuchus schilleri. We concluded that terrestrial notosuchians may have lost osteoderm ornamentation due to the lower thermal conductivity of air and reduced heat loss in a terrestrial environment compared to what happens in water. Among these notosuchians, we hypothesize that large terrestrial baurusuchids maintained a stable body temperature due to thermal inertia, whereas small notosuchians took advantage of the early morning sun exposure to warm up and stayed in terrestrial burrows during periods of intense solar radiation. Finally, unlike the almost motionless behavior of freshwater crocodiles, fully marine Metriorhynchidae probably lost osteoderms because they constantly swim, generating heat by muscular contraction, so osteoderms with a thermoregulatory function for heat absorption were no longer positively selected.

骨皮是在不同脊椎动物群的真皮内形成的骨板。它们存在于所有的鳄鱼形动物中,但小鳄科除外。它们的外表面大多有典型的骨纹饰,由坑和脊组成。最广泛讨论的功能假说认为,骨真皮的纹饰通过邻近的血管网络影响与环境的热交换,促进太阳辐射的吸收。这一过程使半水生鳄鱼能够补偿因周围水的高导热性而导致的热量损失。为了验证这一论断,我们对鳄形动物样本进行了系统发育逻辑回归分析,以评估骨皮相对坑面积(RAP)与生活方式(陆地与水生)之间的关系。我们的研究结果表明,RAP显著地解释了生活方式:装饰程度越低,陆地生活方式的可能性越高。我们用这个模型推断了两个已灭绝的分类群,即龙佩龙和schilleri微龙的生活方式。我们的结论是,陆地上的notosuchians可能失去了骨皮纹饰,这是由于空气的导热性较低,与水中相比,陆地环境中的热量损失减少。在这些notosuchans中,我们假设大型陆生baurusuchans由于热惯性而保持稳定的体温,而小型notosuchans则利用清晨的阳光照射来取暖,并在强烈的太阳辐射期间留在陆地洞穴中。最后,与淡水鳄鱼几乎静止不动的行为不同,完全海洋的大鳄可能因为它们不断游泳,通过肌肉收缩产生热量而失去了骨皮,因此具有热吸收调节功能的骨皮不再被积极选择。
{"title":"Inferring the lifestyles of extinct Crocodyliformes using osteoderm ornamentation","authors":"Mariana Valéria de Araújo Sena,&nbsp;Jorge Cubo","doi":"10.1007/s00114-023-01871-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-023-01871-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Osteoderms are bony plates formed within the dermis of diverse vertebrate groups. They are present in all crocodylomorphs but Metriorhynchidae. Most of them show typical bone ornamentation consisting of pits and ridges on their outer surface. The most widely discussed functional hypothesis suggests that the ornamentation of osteoderms influences heat exchange with the environment through the adjacent vascular network, facilitating the absorption of solar radiation. This process allows semiaquatic crocodiles to compensate for heat loss resulting from the high thermal conductivity of surrounding water. In order to test this assertion, we conducted a phylogenetic logistic regression analysis to evaluate the relationship between osteoderm relative area of pits (RAP) and lifestyle (terrestrial versus aquatic) in a sample of crocodyliforms. Our results revealed that lifestyle is significantly explained by RAP: the lower the degree of ornamentation (RAP), the higher the probability of a terrestrial lifestyle. We used this model to infer the lifestyle of two extinct taxa, <i>Peirosaurus torminni</i> and <i>Microsuchus schilleri</i>. We concluded that terrestrial notosuchians may have lost osteoderm ornamentation due to the lower thermal conductivity of air and reduced heat loss in a terrestrial environment compared to what happens in water. Among these notosuchians, we hypothesize that large terrestrial baurusuchids maintained a stable body temperature due to thermal inertia, whereas small notosuchians took advantage of the early morning sun exposure to warm up and stayed in terrestrial burrows during periods of intense solar radiation. Finally, unlike the almost motionless behavior of freshwater crocodiles, fully marine Metriorhynchidae probably lost osteoderms because they constantly swim, generating heat by muscular contraction, so osteoderms with a thermoregulatory function for heat absorption were no longer positively selected.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"110 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.954,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4289385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the way from Asia to America: eutriconodontan mammals from the Early Cretaceous of Yakutia, Russia 在从亚洲到美洲的途中:来自俄罗斯雅库特早白垩纪的正齿兽哺乳动物
IF 1.954 3区 生物学 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-023-01868-3
Alexander O. Averianov, Thomas Martin, Alexey V. Lopatin, Pavel P. Skutschas, Dmitry D. Vitenko, Rico Schellhorn, Petr N. Kolosov

Eutriconodonta are an important group of early crown mammals with a wide distribution in the Jurassic-Cretaceous of the Northern Hemisphere and few occurrences in the Southern Hemisphere. Three taxa of eutriconodontans are known from the Early Cretaceous high-latitude Teete vertebrate assemblage in Yakutia, Russia: Sangarotherium aquilonium (Eutriconodonta incertae sedis), Gobiconodon sp. A (large), and Gobiconodon sp. B (small) (Gobiconodontidae). These three taxa are based on four specimens and indicate a remarkable taxonomic diversity of eutriconodontans at this locality. The coexistence of two Gobiconodon species, large and small, is characteristic for several Early Cretaceous vertebrate assemblages in Asia. Gobiconodon sp. A from the Teete locality is the largest species of this genus known from Asia, but is smaller than the North American G. ostromi. The spreading of Gobiconodon from Asia to North America likely occurred during the Aptian-Albian faunal dispersal event. The discovery of Gobiconodon in the Teete locality is further evidence for a dispersal route via Beringia from Asia to North America which previously has been postulated based on the occurrence of Asian dinosaur taxa in western North America at this time. The questionable record of Gobiconodon from Europe and its lack from eastern North America make a dispersal from Asia to North America via Europe less probable.

真齿兽是早期冠类哺乳动物的重要类群,广泛分布于北半球侏罗纪-白垩纪,在南半球很少出现。在俄罗斯雅库特地区早白垩世高纬度齿形脊椎动物组合中发现了3个类群:Sangarotherium aquilonium (Eutriconodonta intertae sedis)、Gobiconodon sp. A(大型)和Gobiconodon sp. B(小型)(Gobiconodontidae)。这3个分类群均以4个标本为基础,表明该地区正齿动物具有显著的分类多样性。亚洲早白垩世几种脊椎动物组合的特点是两种大种和小种的Gobiconodon共存。来自Teete地区的Gobiconodon sp. A是亚洲已知的该属中最大的种,但比北美的G. ostromi小。Gobiconodon从亚洲向北美的传播可能发生在Aptian-Albian动物扩散事件期间。Gobiconodon在Teete地区的发现进一步证明了一条从亚洲经白令陆桥到北美的传播路线,这条路线之前是基于当时北美西部出现亚洲恐龙类群而假设的。来自欧洲的Gobiconodon的可疑记录以及它在北美东部的缺失使得它从亚洲经欧洲传播到北美的可能性更小。
{"title":"On the way from Asia to America: eutriconodontan mammals from the Early Cretaceous of Yakutia, Russia","authors":"Alexander O. Averianov,&nbsp;Thomas Martin,&nbsp;Alexey V. Lopatin,&nbsp;Pavel P. Skutschas,&nbsp;Dmitry D. Vitenko,&nbsp;Rico Schellhorn,&nbsp;Petr N. Kolosov","doi":"10.1007/s00114-023-01868-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-023-01868-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Eutriconodonta are an important group of early crown mammals with a wide distribution in the Jurassic-Cretaceous of the Northern Hemisphere and few occurrences in the Southern Hemisphere. Three taxa of eutriconodontans are known from the Early Cretaceous high-latitude Teete vertebrate assemblage in Yakutia, Russia: <i>Sangarotherium aquilonium</i> (Eutriconodonta incertae sedis), <i>Gobiconodon</i> sp. A (large), and <i>Gobiconodon</i> sp. B (small) (Gobiconodontidae). These three taxa are based on four specimens and indicate a remarkable taxonomic diversity of eutriconodontans at this locality. The coexistence of two <i>Gobiconodon</i> species, large and small, is characteristic for several Early Cretaceous vertebrate assemblages in Asia. <i>Gobiconodon</i> sp. A from the Teete locality is the largest species of this genus known from Asia, but is smaller than the North American <i>G. ostromi</i>. The spreading of <i>Gobiconodon</i> from Asia to North America likely occurred during the Aptian-Albian faunal dispersal event. The discovery of <i>Gobiconodon</i> in the Teete locality is further evidence for a dispersal route via Beringia from Asia to North America which previously has been postulated based on the occurrence of Asian dinosaur taxa in western North America at this time. The questionable record of <i>Gobiconodon</i> from Europe and its lack from eastern North America make a dispersal from Asia to North America via Europe less probable.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"110 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.954,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4070298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The 2023 Arnold Berliner Award for research on spider photoreceptors 2023年阿诺德·柏林奖,奖励蜘蛛感光器的研究
IF 1.954 3区 生物学 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-023-01870-9
Matthias Waltert
{"title":"The 2023 Arnold Berliner Award for research on spider photoreceptors","authors":"Matthias Waltert","doi":"10.1007/s00114-023-01870-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-023-01870-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"110 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.954,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00114-023-01870-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4069197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Synthesis of Polycyclic Imidazoles via α-C-H/N-H Annulation of Alicyclic Amines. 通过脂环胺的α-C-H/N-H 嵌合合成多环咪唑。
IF 2.2 3区 生物学 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-13 DOI: 10.1055/a-2022-1511
Subhradeep Dutta, Kamal Bhatt, Fabian Cuffel, Daniel Seidel

Secondary alicyclic amines are converted to their corresponding ring-fused imidazoles in a simple procedure consisting of oxidative imine formation followed by a van Leusen reaction. Amines with an existing α-substituent undergo regioselective ring-fusion at the α'-position. This method was utilized in a synthesis of fadrozole.

仲脂环胺可以通过一个简单的过程转化为相应的环融合咪唑,该过程包括氧化亚胺形成和范-莱森反应。带有 α 取代基的胺在α'-位发生区域选择性环融合。这种方法被用于合成法卓唑。
{"title":"Synthesis of Polycyclic Imidazoles via α-C-H/N-H Annulation of Alicyclic Amines.","authors":"Subhradeep Dutta, Kamal Bhatt, Fabian Cuffel, Daniel Seidel","doi":"10.1055/a-2022-1511","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2022-1511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Secondary alicyclic amines are converted to their corresponding ring-fused imidazoles in a simple procedure consisting of oxidative imine formation followed by a van Leusen reaction. Amines with an existing α-substituent undergo regioselective ring-fusion at the α'-position. This method was utilized in a synthesis of fadrozole.</p>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"62 3","pages":"2343-2352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10836336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72488714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Diet composition of wild columbiform birds: next-generation sequencing of plant and metazoan DNA in faecal samples 野生柱形鸟类的饮食组成:粪便样本中植物和后生动物DNA的下一代测序
IF 1.954 3区 生物学 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-07-22 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-023-01863-8
Yvonne R. Schumm, Juan F. Masello, Jennifer Vreugdenhil-Rowlands, Dominik Fischer, Klaus Hillerich, Petra Quillfeldt

Accurate knowledge of a species’ diets is fundamental to understand their ecological requirements. Next-generation sequencing technology has become a powerful and non-invasive tool for diet reconstruction through DNA metabarcoding. Here, we applied those methods on faecal samples of Common Woodpigeons Columba palumbus, European Turtle Doves Streptopelia turtur, and Stock Doves C. oenas to investigate their dietary composition. By applying primer pairs targeting both the ITS2 region of plant nuclear DNA and the mitochondrial COI region of metazoan DNA, we provide a complete picture of the food ingested and estimate the dietary overlap between the columbiform species during the breeding season. Animal DNA was present very rarely, and a diverse range of plants from the class Spermatopsida dominated the diet, with Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, and Poaceae as the most frequently represented families. Generally, we detected a variability between species but also amongst individual samples. Plant species already known from previous studies, mainly visual analyses, could be confirmed for our individuals sampled in Germany and the Netherlands. Our molecular approach revealed new plant taxa, e.g. plants of the families Malvaceae for Woodpigeons, Lythraceae for Turtle Doves, and Pinaceae for Stock Doves, not found in previous studies using visual analyses. Although most of the plant species observed were of wild origin, the majority of cultivated plants found were present in higher frequencies of occurrence, suggesting that cultivated food items likely constitute an important part of the diet of the studied species. For Turtle Doves, a comparison with previous studies suggested regional differences, and that food items (historically) considered as important part of their diet, such as Fumitory Fumaria sp. and Chickweed Stellaria media, were missing in our samples. This indicates that regional variations as well as historic and current data on diet should be considered to plan tailored seed mixtures, which are currently proposed as an important management measure for conservation of the rapidly declining Turtle Dove.

准确了解一个物种的饮食是了解其生态需求的基础。新一代测序技术已成为通过DNA元条形码进行饮食重建的强大且无创的工具。在此基础上,采用上述方法对普通斑鸠(Columba palumbus)、欧洲斑鸠(Streptopelia turtura)和斑鸽(Stock dove C. oenas)的粪便样本进行了分析。通过对植物核DNA的ITS2区域和后生动物DNA的线粒体COI区域的引物对,我们提供了一个完整的食物摄取图像,并估计了在繁殖季节柱形物种之间的食物重叠。动物DNA很少存在,并且来自精子纲的各种植物在饮食中占主导地位,其中最常见的是菊科、十字花科、葫芦科、豆科和禾科。一般来说,我们发现了物种之间以及个体样本之间的变异性。从以前的研究中已知的植物物种,主要是视觉分析,可以证实我们在德国和荷兰取样的个体。我们的分子分析方法发现了新的植物类群,如木鸽的Malvaceae科、斑鸠的Lythraceae科和鸽子的Pinaceae科,这些都是以往研究中没有发现的。虽然观察到的大多数植物都是野生植物,但大多数栽培植物的出现频率较高,这表明栽培食物可能是研究物种饮食的重要组成部分。对于斑鸠,与先前研究的比较表明区域差异,并且(历史上)被认为是其饮食重要组成部分的食物,如Fumitory Fumaria sp.和Chickweed Stellaria media,在我们的样本中缺失。这表明,应考虑区域差异以及历史和当前的饮食数据,以规划量身定制的种子混合物,这是目前提出的一项重要的管理措施,以保护迅速减少的斑鸠。
{"title":"Diet composition of wild columbiform birds: next-generation sequencing of plant and metazoan DNA in faecal samples","authors":"Yvonne R. Schumm,&nbsp;Juan F. Masello,&nbsp;Jennifer Vreugdenhil-Rowlands,&nbsp;Dominik Fischer,&nbsp;Klaus Hillerich,&nbsp;Petra Quillfeldt","doi":"10.1007/s00114-023-01863-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-023-01863-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate knowledge of a species’ diets is fundamental to understand their ecological requirements. Next-generation sequencing technology has become a powerful and non-invasive tool for diet reconstruction through DNA metabarcoding. Here, we applied those methods on faecal samples of Common Woodpigeons <i>Columba palumbus</i>, European Turtle Doves <i>Streptopelia turtur</i>, and Stock Doves <i>C. oenas</i> to investigate their dietary composition. By applying primer pairs targeting both the ITS2 region of plant nuclear DNA and the mitochondrial COI region of metazoan DNA, we provide a complete picture of the food ingested and estimate the dietary overlap between the columbiform species during the breeding season. Animal DNA was present very rarely, and a diverse range of plants from the class Spermatopsida dominated the diet, with Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, and Poaceae as the most frequently represented families. Generally, we detected a variability between species but also amongst individual samples. Plant species already known from previous studies, mainly visual analyses, could be confirmed for our individuals sampled in Germany and the Netherlands. Our molecular approach revealed new plant taxa, e.g. plants of the families Malvaceae for Woodpigeons, Lythraceae for Turtle Doves, and Pinaceae for Stock Doves, not found in previous studies using visual analyses. Although most of the plant species observed were of wild origin, the majority of cultivated plants found were present in higher frequencies of occurrence, suggesting that cultivated food items likely constitute an important part of the diet of the studied species. For Turtle Doves, a comparison with previous studies suggested regional differences, and that food items (historically) considered as important part of their diet, such as Fumitory <i>Fumaria</i> sp. and Chickweed <i>Stellaria media</i>, were missing in our samples. This indicates that regional variations as well as historic and current data on diet should be considered to plan tailored seed mixtures, which are currently proposed as an important management measure for conservation of the rapidly declining Turtle Dove.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"110 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.954,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00114-023-01863-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4865033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
The Science of Nature
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1