Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13005-2
K John Morrow
In this review, we describe recent advances in antibody processing technology including: (1) development of proprietary cell lines; (2) improved expression systems optimized by selective technologies to boost underperformers; (3) improved protein-free and serum-free culture media; and (4) attention to glycosylation and other post-translational modifications. Advances in computer technology and sophisticated redesign of bioreactors have been major contributors to the dramatic improvements in antibody yields that have been documented in the last decade. Disposable bioreactor components are now widespread, resulting in improved yields, better quality product and lower costs for producers. Downstream innovations include (1) disposable devices for clarification and purification, (2) improved resins and ligands, and (3) new designs of hardware for improved performance. While there are numerous factors contributing to the increased yields that have been obtained, the most sustained of these is the introduction of disposable technologies on both the upstream and the downstream ends of the process. With the continuing introduction of improved computer technology and technological innovation, there is every reason to believe that quality and quantity of antibody products will continue to improve in the coming years, and supply will be adequate to meet the forthcoming needs of the industry.
{"title":"Advances in antibody manufacturing using mammalian cells.","authors":"K John Morrow","doi":"10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13005-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13005-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this review, we describe recent advances in antibody processing technology including: (1) development of proprietary cell lines; (2) improved expression systems optimized by selective technologies to boost underperformers; (3) improved protein-free and serum-free culture media; and (4) attention to glycosylation and other post-translational modifications. Advances in computer technology and sophisticated redesign of bioreactors have been major contributors to the dramatic improvements in antibody yields that have been documented in the last decade. Disposable bioreactor components are now widespread, resulting in improved yields, better quality product and lower costs for producers. Downstream innovations include (1) disposable devices for clarification and purification, (2) improved resins and ligands, and (3) new designs of hardware for improved performance. While there are numerous factors contributing to the increased yields that have been obtained, the most sustained of these is the introduction of disposable technologies on both the upstream and the downstream ends of the process. With the continuing introduction of improved computer technology and technological innovation, there is every reason to believe that quality and quantity of antibody products will continue to improve in the coming years, and supply will be adequate to meet the forthcoming needs of the industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":79566,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology annual review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13005-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40979842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13008-8
Carsten Voss
The concept of curing diseases at the genetic level was already introduced in the 1970s, but only the evolution of molecular biology and tools for genetic manipulation brought the idea into labs and clinics during the last 16 years. Viral and non-viral vectors and delivery systems were developed to transfer therapeutic genes into the target cells. In the case of non-viral approaches plasmid DNA has become a very promising gene delivery vector because it can easily be genetically manipulated and produced by cultivation of plasmid harbouring Escherichia coli and subsequent downstream processing, thus making production easy in comparison to other gene delivery vectors. Another advantage in using plasmid DNA is the low risk of immunogenic reactions and oncogen activation that can arise while using viral vectors. This review describes the recent development in plasmid manufacturing ranging from bacterial cultivation in batch and fedbatch mode to produce plasmid-bearing E. coli over cell lysis and subsequent purification to storage, application, and process and quality control.
{"title":"Production of plasmid DNA for pharmaceutical use.","authors":"Carsten Voss","doi":"10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13008-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13008-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The concept of curing diseases at the genetic level was already introduced in the 1970s, but only the evolution of molecular biology and tools for genetic manipulation brought the idea into labs and clinics during the last 16 years. Viral and non-viral vectors and delivery systems were developed to transfer therapeutic genes into the target cells. In the case of non-viral approaches plasmid DNA has become a very promising gene delivery vector because it can easily be genetically manipulated and produced by cultivation of plasmid harbouring Escherichia coli and subsequent downstream processing, thus making production easy in comparison to other gene delivery vectors. Another advantage in using plasmid DNA is the low risk of immunogenic reactions and oncogen activation that can arise while using viral vectors. This review describes the recent development in plasmid manufacturing ranging from bacterial cultivation in batch and fedbatch mode to produce plasmid-bearing E. coli over cell lysis and subsequent purification to storage, application, and process and quality control.</p>","PeriodicalId":79566,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology annual review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13008-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40979846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13007-6
Anton Ressine, György Marko-Varga, Thomas Laurell
One attractive method for monitoring biomolecular interactions in a highly parallel fashion is the use of microarrays. Protein microarray technology is an emerging and promising tool for protein analysis, which ultimately may have a large impact in clinical diagnostics, drug discovery studies and basic protein research. This chapter is based upon several original papers presenting our effort in the development of new protein microarray chip technology. The work describes a novel 3D surface/platform for protein characterization based on porous silicon. The simple adjustment of pore morphology and geometry offers a convenient way to control wetting behavior of the microarray substrates. In this chapter, an interesting insight into the surface role in bioassays performance is made. The up-scaled fabrication of the novel porous chips is demonstrated and stability of the developed supports as well as the fluorescent bioassay reproducibility and data quality issues are addressed. We also describe the efforts made by our group to link protein microarrays to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), suggesting porous silicon as a convenient platform for fast on-surface protein digestion protocols linked to MS-readout. The fabrication of ultra- and superhydrophobic states on porous silicon is also described and the utilization of these water-repellent properties for a new microscaled approach to superhydrophobic MALDI-TOF MS target anchor chip is covered.
{"title":"Porous silicon protein microarray technology and ultra-/superhydrophobic states for improved bioanalytical readout.","authors":"Anton Ressine, György Marko-Varga, Thomas Laurell","doi":"10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13007-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13007-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One attractive method for monitoring biomolecular interactions in a highly parallel fashion is the use of microarrays. Protein microarray technology is an emerging and promising tool for protein analysis, which ultimately may have a large impact in clinical diagnostics, drug discovery studies and basic protein research. This chapter is based upon several original papers presenting our effort in the development of new protein microarray chip technology. The work describes a novel 3D surface/platform for protein characterization based on porous silicon. The simple adjustment of pore morphology and geometry offers a convenient way to control wetting behavior of the microarray substrates. In this chapter, an interesting insight into the surface role in bioassays performance is made. The up-scaled fabrication of the novel porous chips is demonstrated and stability of the developed supports as well as the fluorescent bioassay reproducibility and data quality issues are addressed. We also describe the efforts made by our group to link protein microarrays to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), suggesting porous silicon as a convenient platform for fast on-surface protein digestion protocols linked to MS-readout. The fabrication of ultra- and superhydrophobic states on porous silicon is also described and the utilization of these water-repellent properties for a new microscaled approach to superhydrophobic MALDI-TOF MS target anchor chip is covered.</p>","PeriodicalId":79566,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology annual review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13007-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40979845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thermolysin [EC 3.4.24.27] is a thermostable neutral zinc metalloproteinase originally identified in the culture broth of Bacillus thermoproteolyticus Rokko. Since the discovery in 1962, the enzyme has been extensively studied regarding its structure and catalytic mechanism. Today, thermolysin is a representative of zinc metalloproteinase and an attractive target in protein engineering to understand the catalytic mechanism, thermostability, and halophilicity. Thermolysin is used in industry, especially for the enzymatic synthesis of N-carbobenzoxy L-Asp-L-Phe methyl ester (ZDFM), a precursor of an artificial sweetener, aspartame. Generation of genetically engineered thermolysin with higher activity in the synthesis of ZDFM has been highly desired. In accordance with the expansion of studies on thermolysin, various strategies for its expression and purification have been devised and successfully used. In this review, we aim to outline recombinant thermolysins associated with their engineering, expression, purification, and production.
热溶酶[EC 3.4.24.27]是一种耐热的中性锌金属蛋白酶,最初在热溶蛋白芽孢杆菌培养液中发现。自1962年发现该酶以来,人们对其结构和催化机理进行了广泛的研究。目前,热溶酶是锌金属蛋白酶的代表,是蛋白质工程中研究催化机理、热稳定性和嗜盐性的重要靶点。热溶酶用于工业,特别是用于酶促合成n -碳苯氧基l - asp - l -苯丙氨酸甲酯(ZDFM),这是一种人工甜味剂阿斯巴甜的前体。在合成ZDFM的过程中,产生具有更高活性的基因工程热溶酶已被高度期望。随着对热溶素研究的不断深入,人们设计了多种热溶素的表达和纯化方法,并取得了成功。在这篇综述中,我们旨在概述重组热溶酶的工程、表达、纯化和生产。
{"title":"Engineering, expression, purification, and production of recombinant thermolysin.","authors":"Kuniyo Inouye, Masayuki Kusano, Yasuhiko Hashida, Masashi Minoda, Kiyoshi Yasukawa","doi":"10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13003-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13003-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thermolysin [EC 3.4.24.27] is a thermostable neutral zinc metalloproteinase originally identified in the culture broth of Bacillus thermoproteolyticus Rokko. Since the discovery in 1962, the enzyme has been extensively studied regarding its structure and catalytic mechanism. Today, thermolysin is a representative of zinc metalloproteinase and an attractive target in protein engineering to understand the catalytic mechanism, thermostability, and halophilicity. Thermolysin is used in industry, especially for the enzymatic synthesis of N-carbobenzoxy L-Asp-L-Phe methyl ester (ZDFM), a precursor of an artificial sweetener, aspartame. Generation of genetically engineered thermolysin with higher activity in the synthesis of ZDFM has been highly desired. In accordance with the expansion of studies on thermolysin, various strategies for its expression and purification have been devised and successfully used. In this review, we aim to outline recombinant thermolysins associated with their engineering, expression, purification, and production.</p>","PeriodicalId":79566,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology annual review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13003-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40977676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13010-6
Bojana Boh, Marin Berovic, Jingsong Zhang, Lin Zhi-Bin
Ganoderma lucidum is a wood-degrading basidiomycete with numerous pharmacological effects. Since the mushroom is very rare in nature, artificial cultivation of fruiting bodies has been known on wood logs and on sawdust in plastic bags or bottles. Biotechnological cultivation of G. lucidum mycelia in bioreactors has also been established, both on solid substrates and in liquid media by submerged cultivation of fungal biomass. The most important pharmacologically active constituents of G. lucidum are triterpenoids and polysaccharides. Triterpenoids have been reported to possess hepatoprotective, anti-hypertensive, hypocholesterolemic and anti-histaminic effects, anti-tumor and anti-engiogenic activity, effects on platelet aggregation and complement inhibition. Polysaccharides, especially beta-d-glucans, have been known to possess anti-tumor effects through immunomodulation and anti-angiogenesis. In addition, polysaccharides have a protective effect against free radicals and reduce cell damage caused by mutagens.
{"title":"Ganoderma lucidum and its pharmaceutically active compounds.","authors":"Bojana Boh, Marin Berovic, Jingsong Zhang, Lin Zhi-Bin","doi":"10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13010-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13010-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ganoderma lucidum is a wood-degrading basidiomycete with numerous pharmacological effects. Since the mushroom is very rare in nature, artificial cultivation of fruiting bodies has been known on wood logs and on sawdust in plastic bags or bottles. Biotechnological cultivation of G. lucidum mycelia in bioreactors has also been established, both on solid substrates and in liquid media by submerged cultivation of fungal biomass. The most important pharmacologically active constituents of G. lucidum are triterpenoids and polysaccharides. Triterpenoids have been reported to possess hepatoprotective, anti-hypertensive, hypocholesterolemic and anti-histaminic effects, anti-tumor and anti-engiogenic activity, effects on platelet aggregation and complement inhibition. Polysaccharides, especially beta-d-glucans, have been known to possess anti-tumor effects through immunomodulation and anti-angiogenesis. In addition, polysaccharides have a protective effect against free radicals and reduce cell damage caused by mutagens.</p>","PeriodicalId":79566,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology annual review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13010-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40979848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13013-1
Ole D Mjøs
{"title":"Biotechnology, health, and peace. Foreword.","authors":"Ole D Mjøs","doi":"10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13013-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13013-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79566,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology annual review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13013-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40977673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13011-8
Marin Berovic, Matic Legisa
Citric acid is a commodity chemical produced and consumed throughout The World. It is used mainly in the food and beverage industry, primarily as an acidulant. Although it is one of the oldest industrial fermentations, its World production is still in rapid increasing. Global production of citric acid in 2007 was over 1.6 million tones. Biochemistry of citric acid fermentation, various microbial strains, as well as various substrates, technological processes and product recovery are presented. World production and economics aspects of this strategically product of bulk biotechnology are discussed.
{"title":"Citric acid production.","authors":"Marin Berovic, Matic Legisa","doi":"10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13011-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13011-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Citric acid is a commodity chemical produced and consumed throughout The World. It is used mainly in the food and beverage industry, primarily as an acidulant. Although it is one of the oldest industrial fermentations, its World production is still in rapid increasing. Global production of citric acid in 2007 was over 1.6 million tones. Biochemistry of citric acid fermentation, various microbial strains, as well as various substrates, technological processes and product recovery are presented. World production and economics aspects of this strategically product of bulk biotechnology are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":79566,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology annual review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13011-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40979849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13001-5
Burkhard Ziebolz, Marcus Droege
Sequencing is a powerful tool that helps scientists in gaining new insights in many areas of medicine and biology. The electrophoresis-based Sanger method is currently the most popular sequencing technology and was the foundation stone of the human genome project. With the Sanger technique it became possible to sequence not only complete genomes, but also fragments of genomes. Nowadays, this standard method is very close to reach its limits.
{"title":"Toward a new era in sequencing.","authors":"Burkhard Ziebolz, Marcus Droege","doi":"10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13001-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13001-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sequencing is a powerful tool that helps scientists in gaining new insights in many areas of medicine and biology. The electrophoresis-based Sanger method is currently the most popular sequencing technology and was the foundation stone of the human genome project. With the Sanger technique it became possible to sequence not only complete genomes, but also fragments of genomes. Nowadays, this standard method is very close to reach its limits.</p>","PeriodicalId":79566,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology annual review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13001-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40977674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-01-01DOI: 10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13009-X
Mahmud Tareq Hassan Khan, Arjumand Ather
Identification of phenolic compounds and their derivatives interfering the several steps of the viral life cycle of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is focused for the development of novel molecules for the treatment of AIDS. Several phenolic compounds isolated and characterized from natural sources have been studied in detail and found to exhibit inhibitory effects against different steps of the HIV-1 life cycle, including virus-cell fusion and virus absorption, reverse transcription, integration (IN) and proteolytic cleavage. In the review, we are summarizing some strong evidences demonstrating several phenolic molecules and their derivatives from natural sources display promising anti-HIV-1 activities. The anti-HIV compounds have been organized in this review according to their mechanism of action in the life cycle of HIV. We also mentioned some findings using in silico approaches, like virtual screening, docking, neural network, etc., and even the chemogenomics and/or functional genomics approaches could be useful for the quick identifying promising new lead anti-HIV molecules without having any other unwanted pharmacological effects. Plants having large amount of phenolic compounds, can be considered as strong sources of molecules for the treatment of HIV-1. Despite the continuous advances made in antiretroviral combination therapy, AIDS has become the leading cause of death in Africa and the fourth worldwide. Today, many research groups are exploring the bio- and chemo-diversity of the plant kingdom to find new and better anti-HIV drugs with novel mechanisms of action.
{"title":"Potentials of phenolic molecules of natural origin and their derivatives as anti-HIV agents.","authors":"Mahmud Tareq Hassan Khan, Arjumand Ather","doi":"10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13009-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13009-X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Identification of phenolic compounds and their derivatives interfering the several steps of the viral life cycle of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is focused for the development of novel molecules for the treatment of AIDS. Several phenolic compounds isolated and characterized from natural sources have been studied in detail and found to exhibit inhibitory effects against different steps of the HIV-1 life cycle, including virus-cell fusion and virus absorption, reverse transcription, integration (IN) and proteolytic cleavage. In the review, we are summarizing some strong evidences demonstrating several phenolic molecules and their derivatives from natural sources display promising anti-HIV-1 activities. The anti-HIV compounds have been organized in this review according to their mechanism of action in the life cycle of HIV. We also mentioned some findings using in silico approaches, like virtual screening, docking, neural network, etc., and even the chemogenomics and/or functional genomics approaches could be useful for the quick identifying promising new lead anti-HIV molecules without having any other unwanted pharmacological effects. Plants having large amount of phenolic compounds, can be considered as strong sources of molecules for the treatment of HIV-1. Despite the continuous advances made in antiretroviral combination therapy, AIDS has become the leading cause of death in Africa and the fourth worldwide. Today, many research groups are exploring the bio- and chemo-diversity of the plant kingdom to find new and better anti-HIV drugs with novel mechanisms of action.</p>","PeriodicalId":79566,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology annual review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13009-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40979847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-01-01DOI: 10.1016/S1387-2656(06)12004-9
Tzong-Hsien Lee, Marie-Isabel Aguilar
{"title":"Trends in the development and application of functional biomembrane surfaces.","authors":"Tzong-Hsien Lee, Marie-Isabel Aguilar","doi":"10.1016/S1387-2656(06)12004-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-2656(06)12004-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79566,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology annual review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1387-2656(06)12004-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26368766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}