Antibiotiki最新文献

Preparations of L-asparaginase made in the USSR, FRG and Japan were studied comparatively in 277 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphosarcomas. It was shown that the clinical characteristics of the preparation made in the USSR and the preparation (crasnitin) made in the FRG were identical. By the antileukemic action the preparation made in the USSR was superior to the preparation (leunase) made in Japan in the treatment of adult patients with such hemoblastosis forms. The effect of the three drugs in the treatment of children was analogous. The nature of the side effects of the three drugs was the same. However, their level was different. The allergenic effect of leunase on the patients was the most pronounced. L-Asparaginase made in the USSR and crasnitin are recommended for wide use in clinical practice.

Spontaneous variability of Actinomyces recifensis var. lyticus 2435 producing a complex of lytic enzymes was studied. A correlation between the strain activity and the content of the variants of the main morphological type in the population was shown. The carbon sources influenced the proportion of different type variants in the population. Strain 2435 was rather stable with respect to the level of the synthesis of yeast-like enzymes and showed a significant variation with respect to the level of the biosynthesis of the bacteriolytic complex. The population variation of strain 2435 with respect to the staphylolytic (synthesis of specific endopeptidases) and muramidase activity was most pronounced. The high activity levels of strain 2435 and wide lytic spectrum were provided by selection of the variants of the first morphological type with respect to the property of high staphylolytic activity.

The pathological material from 77 surgical patients with purulent infections was assayed microbiologically and the properties of the pathogens were investigated. Multiple antibiotic resistance of the microflora monocultures and associations was shown. The aminoglycoside antibiotics and first of all gentamicin were the most effective.

Possible prevention of the nephrotoxic effect of different doses of aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as monomycin, kanamycin and gentamicin was studied experimentally on chinchilla rabbits. Substances increasing the cell resistance (sodium nucleinate, prodigiosan and pyrogenal alone and sodium nucleinate combinations with the bacterial polysaccharides) were used. It was shown that sodium nucleinate prevented nephrotoxicity of the aminoglycosides in the doses 2.5 times higher than the therapeutic ones. The combined use of sodium nucleinate with pyrogenal or prodigiosan was most effective. It prevented the nephrotoxic effect of the antibiotics in the doses 5 times higher than the therapeutic ones.

Amphotericin B alkyl derivatives increased conductivity of bilayer membranes by formation of channels in them. The properties of such channels were studied. A new method for determination of the polyene antibiotic toxicity is described. The method is based on measurement of the constant of the relaxation time on the antibiotic removal from the membrane solution. It was shown that the amphotericin B alkyl derivatives had very low toxicity for the mammalian cells and were highly toxic for the fungal cells. These antibiotics may be used as new effective antifungal compounds.

A method for effective regeneration of the protoplasts of N. orientalis, a vancomycin-producing organism into viable cells on a rich organic medium was developed. The dependence of the regeneration on the conditions of the protoplast plating out and the level of the regeneration medium dehydration was studied. The highest positive effect was observed when the protoplasts were suspended in the agarized medium and then plated out on the regeneration medium dehydrated by 2.5 per cent. The frequency of the protoplast regeneration increased on addition of bovine serum albumin to the regeneration medium. The effect of bovine serum albumin depended on its concentration. When the albumin concentration was optimal (0.01 per cent) the regeneration amounted to 100 per cent.

The effect of reumycin, an antitumor antibiotic on the peripheral circulatory system and bone marrow was studied on albino rats. The drug was injected intraperitoneally in a dose of 25 mg/kg daily for 30 days. It was shown that reumycin had a comparatively low toxic effect on the peripheral circulatory system and hemopoiesis. It induced the signs of transitory anemia and did not suppress the regenerative capacity of the bone marrow. After the drug repeated use there was an increase in the platelet count and in the rate of blood coagulation. These signs vanished a month after the end of the treatment course.

The physicochemical and sorption properties of a number of sorbents made in the USSR and abroad were studied with respect to the recovery of cephalosporin C from a model solution. It was shown that the sorption capacity of a sorbent depended on its specific surface. The macroporous styrene divinylbenzene sorbents with a specific surface of more than 500 m2/g had the best sorption properties.