Pub Date : 1999-06-01DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:8%3C661::AID-ASI4%3E3.0.CO;2-R
S. Humphrey
A new, fully automated approach for indexing documents is presented based on associating textwords in a training set of bibliographic citations with the indexing of journals. This journal-level indexing is in the form of a consistent, timely set of journal descriptors (JDs) indexing the individual journals themselves. This indexing is maintained in journal records in a serials authority database. The advantage of this novel approach is that the training set does not depend on previous manual indexing of hundreds of thousands of documents (i.e., any such indexing already in the training set is not used), but rather the relatively small intellectual effort of indexing at the journal level, usually a matter of a few thousand unique journals for which retrospective indexing to maintain consistency and currency may be feasible. If successful, JD indexing would provide topical categorization of documents outside the training set, i.e., journal articles, monographs, WEB documents, reports from the grey literature, etc., and therefore be applied in searching. Because JDs are quite general, corresponding to subject domains, their most probable use would be for improving or refining search results.
{"title":"Automatic Indexing of Documents from Journal Descriptors: A Preliminary Investigation","authors":"S. Humphrey","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:8%3C661::AID-ASI4%3E3.0.CO;2-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:8%3C661::AID-ASI4%3E3.0.CO;2-R","url":null,"abstract":"A new, fully automated approach for indexing documents is presented based on associating textwords in a training set of bibliographic citations with the indexing of journals. This journal-level indexing is in the form of a consistent, timely set of journal descriptors (JDs) indexing the individual journals themselves. This indexing is maintained in journal records in a serials authority database. The advantage of this novel approach is that the training set does not depend on previous manual indexing of hundreds of thousands of documents (i.e., any such indexing already in the training set is not used), but rather the relatively small intellectual effort of indexing at the journal level, usually a matter of a few thousand unique journals for which retrospective indexing to maintain consistency and currency may be feasible. If successful, JD indexing would provide topical categorization of documents outside the training set, i.e., journal articles, monographs, WEB documents, reports from the grey literature, etc., and therefore be applied in searching. Because JDs are quite general, corresponding to subject domains, their most probable use would be for improving or refining search results.","PeriodicalId":79676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science. American Society for Information Science","volume":"45 1","pages":"661-674"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74903740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-01-01DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199208)43:7%3C488::AID-ASI3%3E3.0.CO;2-7
C. Kochan, J. Budd
{"title":"The Persistence of Fraud in the Literature: The Darsee Case","authors":"C. Kochan, J. Budd","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199208)43:7%3C488::AID-ASI3%3E3.0.CO;2-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199208)43:7%3C488::AID-ASI3%3E3.0.CO;2-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science. American Society for Information Science","volume":"72 1","pages":"488-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87849525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-05-01DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199105)42:4%3C267::AID-ASI3%3E3.0.CO;2-Y
M. H. Heine, J. Tague-Sutcliffe
One of the key variables in the optimization of the retrieval process is the logic imposed on a set of query terms. If the query is small, a combinatorial algorithm can be employed to identify search expressions having an optimal logical form. An experiment is described in which this was done for queries expressed against MEDLINE, for a variety of criterion variables. The method employed is useful not only for assisting in identifying optimal logical forms, as demonstrated, but also as an experimental control device to assist investigations into the effects of varying the set, and number, of search terms. The experiment also suggests several novel properties of effective searching against MEDLINE, for example that searching with four MeSH terms is likely to be more successful than searching with a lesser number of terms, provided search logic is optimal. The latter result is, surprisingly, true for both Precision and Recall, i.e., a tradeoff between the maximally attainable values of these variables fails to hold when the number of search terms varies in this range.
{"title":"An investigation of the optimization of search logic for the MEDLINE database","authors":"M. H. Heine, J. Tague-Sutcliffe","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199105)42:4%3C267::AID-ASI3%3E3.0.CO;2-Y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199105)42:4%3C267::AID-ASI3%3E3.0.CO;2-Y","url":null,"abstract":"One of the key variables in the optimization of the retrieval process is the logic imposed on a set of query terms. If the query is small, a combinatorial algorithm can be employed to identify search expressions having an optimal logical form. An experiment is described in which this was done for queries expressed against MEDLINE, for a variety of criterion variables. The method employed is useful not only for assisting in identifying optimal logical forms, as demonstrated, but also as an experimental control device to assist investigations into the effects of varying the set, and number, of search terms. The experiment also suggests several novel properties of effective searching against MEDLINE, for example that searching with four MeSH terms is likely to be more successful than searching with a lesser number of terms, provided search logic is optimal. The latter result is, surprisingly, true for both Precision and Recall, i.e., a tradeoff between the maximally attainable values of these variables fails to hold when the number of search terms varies in this range.","PeriodicalId":79676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science. American Society for Information Science","volume":"64 1","pages":"267-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75379589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-01-01DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199109)42:8%3C600::AID-ASI11%3E3.0.CO;2-U
D. Beard
Increasingly images are being incorporated into computer-information systems, allowing faster and more reliable access to legal documents, fingerprints, medical images, and so on. But designing viable computer-human interactions (CHI) for image-information systems can be particularly difficult. This article presents an overall approach to developing viable image CHI involving user metaphors for comprehending image data, and methods for locating, accessing, and displaying computer images. Since medical-image applications involve almost all image display problems, a medical-image radiology-workstation application is used as a driving example to present critical image CHI issues.
{"title":"Computer human interaction for image information systems","authors":"D. Beard","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199109)42:8%3C600::AID-ASI11%3E3.0.CO;2-U","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199109)42:8%3C600::AID-ASI11%3E3.0.CO;2-U","url":null,"abstract":"Increasingly images are being incorporated into computer-information systems, allowing faster and more reliable access to legal documents, fingerprints, medical images, and so on. But designing viable computer-human interactions (CHI) for image-information systems can be particularly difficult. This article presents an overall approach to developing viable image CHI involving user metaphors for comprehending image data, and methods for locating, accessing, and displaying computer images. Since medical-image applications involve almost all image display problems, a medical-image radiology-workstation application is used as a driving example to present critical image CHI issues.","PeriodicalId":79676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science. American Society for Information Science","volume":"67 1","pages":"600-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84020584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-01-01DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199105)42:4%3C297::AID-ASI6%3E3.0.CO;2-M
E. J. McKinin, M. C. Sievert, E. D. Johnson, Joyce A. Mitchell
This project was designed to test the relative efficacy of index terms and full-text for the retrieval of documents in those MEDLINE journals for which full-text searching was also available. The full-text files used were MEDIS from Mead Data Central and CCML from BRS Information Technologies. One hundred clinical medical topics were searched in these two files as well as the MEDLINE file to accumulate the necessary data. It was found that full-text identified significantly more relevant articles than did the indexed file, MEDLINE. The full-text searches, however, lacked the precision of searches done in the indexed file. Most relevant items missed in the full-text files, but identified in MEDLINE, were missed because the searcher failed to account for some aspect of natural language, used a logical or positional operator that was too restrictive, or included a concept which was implied, but not expressed in the natural language. Very few of the unique relevant full-text citations would have been retrieved by title or abstract alone. Finally, as of July, 1990 the more current issue of a journal was just as likely to appear in MEDLINE as in one of the full-text files.
该项目旨在测试索引术语和全文在MEDLINE期刊中检索文档的相对有效性，这些期刊也可以进行全文检索。使用的全文文件为Mead Data Central的MEDIS和BRS Information Technologies的CCML。在这两个文件以及MEDLINE文件中检索了100个临床医学主题，以积累必要的数据。结果发现全文识别出的相关文章明显多于索引文件MEDLINE。但是，全文搜索缺乏在索引文件中进行的搜索的精确性。在全文文件中没有找到但在MEDLINE中找到的大多数相关项之所以没有找到，是因为搜索者没有考虑到自然语言的某些方面，使用了限制太大的逻辑或位置操作符，或者包含了一个隐含的概念，但没有在自然语言中表达出来。很少有独特的相关全文引文会通过标题或摘要单独检索。最后，到1990年7月，最新一期的期刊就像出现在MEDLINE上的全文文件一样。
{"title":"The Medline/full-text research project","authors":"E. J. McKinin, M. C. Sievert, E. D. Johnson, Joyce A. Mitchell","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199105)42:4%3C297::AID-ASI6%3E3.0.CO;2-M","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199105)42:4%3C297::AID-ASI6%3E3.0.CO;2-M","url":null,"abstract":"This project was designed to test the relative efficacy of index terms and full-text for the retrieval of documents in those MEDLINE journals for which full-text searching was also available. The full-text files used were MEDIS from Mead Data Central and CCML from BRS Information Technologies. One hundred clinical medical topics were searched in these two files as well as the MEDLINE file to accumulate the necessary data. It was found that full-text identified significantly more relevant articles than did the indexed file, MEDLINE. The full-text searches, however, lacked the precision of searches done in the indexed file. Most relevant items missed in the full-text files, but identified in MEDLINE, were missed because the searcher failed to account for some aspect of natural language, used a logical or positional operator that was too restrictive, or included a concept which was implied, but not expressed in the natural language. Very few of the unique relevant full-text citations would have been retrieved by title or abstract alone. Finally, as of July, 1990 the more current issue of a journal was just as likely to appear in MEDLINE as in one of the full-text files.","PeriodicalId":79676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science. American Society for Information Science","volume":"10 ","pages":"297-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72429131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-01-01DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199109)42:8%3C554::AID-ASI3%3E3.0.CO;2-J
M. Anvari
The database model presented in this article is suitable for applications in which queries may require noncrisp references to certain attributes. The data item (attribute) values may be crisp or fuzzy. For instance, such adjectives as "high" or "normal" may be attribute values for the attribute "blood pressure." A disease or a condition can be described by a number of symptoms which may be crisp alphanumeric values or fuzzy terms such as "high" or "normal." A query into this database can retrieve diseases which have "similar" symptoms. The similarity or "indistinguishability" is a measure defined by the database user on the relations that describe a family of diseases. This database system in conjunction with a rule base can provide the framework for a medical consultation system.
{"title":"A database model for medical consultation","authors":"M. Anvari","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199109)42:8%3C554::AID-ASI3%3E3.0.CO;2-J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199109)42:8%3C554::AID-ASI3%3E3.0.CO;2-J","url":null,"abstract":"The database model presented in this article is suitable for applications in which queries may require noncrisp references to certain attributes. The data item (attribute) values may be crisp or fuzzy. For instance, such adjectives as \"high\" or \"normal\" may be attribute values for the attribute \"blood pressure.\" A disease or a condition can be described by a number of symptoms which may be crisp alphanumeric values or fuzzy terms such as \"high\" or \"normal.\" A query into this database can retrieve diseases which have \"similar\" symptoms. The similarity or \"indistinguishability\" is a measure defined by the database user on the relations that describe a family of diseases. This database system in conjunction with a rule base can provide the framework for a medical consultation system.","PeriodicalId":79676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science. American Society for Information Science","volume":"65 1","pages":"554-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85332285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-01-01DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199010)41:7%3C495::AID-ASI3%3E3.0.CO;2-S
D. McCarn, C. Lewis
There have been a number of major evaluations of the performance of retrieval systems against large full text and surrogate (bibliographic) databases. These evaluations have concentrated on the experimental determination of the Precision Ratio, the fraction of retrieved items that are relevant to an information request, and the Recall Ratio, the fraction of the total number of relevant items that were actually retrieved. While these measures have met with general acceptance, they have also generated much controversy. The purpose of this article is to review the results of several of the largest evaluations and to propose a simple model for the performance of such systems that may help explain the relationship between these measures and user behavior.
{"title":"A mathematical model of retrieval system performance","authors":"D. McCarn, C. Lewis","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199010)41:7%3C495::AID-ASI3%3E3.0.CO;2-S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199010)41:7%3C495::AID-ASI3%3E3.0.CO;2-S","url":null,"abstract":"There have been a number of major evaluations of the performance of retrieval systems against large full text and surrogate (bibliographic) databases. These evaluations have concentrated on the experimental determination of the Precision Ratio, the fraction of retrieved items that are relevant to an information request, and the Recall Ratio, the fraction of the total number of relevant items that were actually retrieved. While these measures have met with general acceptance, they have also generated much controversy. The purpose of this article is to review the results of several of the largest evaluations and to propose a simple model for the performance of such systems that may help explain the relationship between these measures and user behavior.","PeriodicalId":79676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science. American Society for Information Science","volume":"57 1","pages":"495-500"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86316948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-01-01DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199010)41:7%3C501::AID-ASI4%3E3.0.CO;2-6
H. Rashid
User satisfaction as a measure of library effectiveness has been studied by using Kantor's branching technique. Cleveland Health Sciences Library, Cleveland, Ohio, was used as the center of this study. The study measured independently the user bibliographic information performance, collection development policy performance, acquisition policy performance, user catalog performance, circulation performance, library operation/functioning performance, and the user search performance. Each of these categories represented one or more of the factors of library performance that could account for the possibility of users' failure. The sample size consisted of 1000 requests for book titles. The book availability rates were 59.60% without the help of the librarian and 63.50% with the help of the librarian. The results indicate that a dynamic study of library policies at regular intervals by using the Kantor's method, which is easily reproducible, can maximize library resources for the most effective fulfillment of user demand.
{"title":"Book availability as a performance measure of a library: An analysis of the effectiveness of a health sciences library","authors":"H. Rashid","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199010)41:7%3C501::AID-ASI4%3E3.0.CO;2-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199010)41:7%3C501::AID-ASI4%3E3.0.CO;2-6","url":null,"abstract":"User satisfaction as a measure of library effectiveness has been studied by using Kantor's branching technique. Cleveland Health Sciences Library, Cleveland, Ohio, was used as the center of this study. The study measured independently the user bibliographic information performance, collection development policy performance, acquisition policy performance, user catalog performance, circulation performance, library operation/functioning performance, and the user search performance. Each of these categories represented one or more of the factors of library performance that could account for the possibility of users' failure. The sample size consisted of 1000 requests for book titles. The book availability rates were 59.60% without the help of the librarian and 63.50% with the help of the librarian. The results indicate that a dynamic study of library policies at regular intervals by using the Kantor's method, which is easily reproducible, can maximize library resources for the most effective fulfillment of user demand.","PeriodicalId":79676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science. American Society for Information Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"501-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90599488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-01DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198911)40:6<432::AID-ASI5>3.0.CO;2-#
D R Swanson
Compte rendu d'une deuxieme experience de recherche documentaire, en medecine, sur deux sujets a priori non interactifs: la migraine, le magnesium. Un lien implicite entre ces deux sujets est decouvert grâce a un parcours aleatoire, dans MEDLINE, des titres qui revelent des themes de connection entre ces deux sujets. Le parcours des conclusions de 11 articles portant sur ces themes, explicitent ce lien. L'importance de ce mode de recherche (dit par exploration/exclusion, ou par essai-et-erreur) pour les connaissances medicales, est de nouveau prouve
{"title":"A second example of mutually isolated medical literatures related by implicit, unnoticed connections.","authors":"D R Swanson","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198911)40:6<432::AID-ASI5>3.0.CO;2-#","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198911)40:6<432::AID-ASI5>3.0.CO;2-#","url":null,"abstract":"Compte rendu d'une deuxieme experience de recherche documentaire, en medecine, sur deux sujets a priori non interactifs: la migraine, le magnesium. Un lien implicite entre ces deux sujets est decouvert grâce a un parcours aleatoire, dans MEDLINE, des titres qui revelent des themes de connection entre ces deux sujets. Le parcours des conclusions de 11 articles portant sur ces themes, explicitent ce lien. L'importance de ce mode de recherche (dit par exploration/exclusion, ou par essai-et-erreur) pour les connaissances medicales, est de nouveau prouve","PeriodicalId":79676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science. American Society for Information Science","volume":"40 6","pages":"432-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198911)40:6<432::AID-ASI5>3.0.CO;2-#","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21175508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-01-01DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198911)40:6%3C432::AID-ASI5%3E3.0.CO;2-%23
D. Swanson
{"title":"A second example of mutually isolated medical literatures related by implicit, unnoticed connections","authors":"D. Swanson","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198911)40:6%3C432::AID-ASI5%3E3.0.CO;2-%23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198911)40:6%3C432::AID-ASI5%3E3.0.CO;2-%23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science. American Society for Information Science","volume":"18 1","pages":"432-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82366584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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