Pub Date : 1989-01-01DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198901)40:1%3C12::AID-ASI2%3E3.0.CO;2-C
Y. Braunstein
Many issues relating to the protection of intellectual property are economic in nature. This article applies economic analysis to several of those issues that arise in an international context. The first model concerns how one nation's choice of a particular form of protection will affect the economic welfare of its trading partners. Then the economics of unilateral, bilateral, and multilateral action are compared. The final analyses cover the optimal number of members in a multilateral agreement and the choice between mutually exclusive international agreements.
{"title":"Economics of intellectual property rights in the international arena","authors":"Y. Braunstein","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198901)40:1%3C12::AID-ASI2%3E3.0.CO;2-C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198901)40:1%3C12::AID-ASI2%3E3.0.CO;2-C","url":null,"abstract":"Many issues relating to the protection of intellectual property are economic in nature. This article applies economic analysis to several of those issues that arise in an international context. The first model concerns how one nation's choice of a particular form of protection will affect the economic welfare of its trading partners. Then the economics of unilateral, bilateral, and multilateral action are compared. The final analyses cover the optimal number of members in a multilateral agreement and the choice between mutually exclusive international agreements.","PeriodicalId":79676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science. American Society for Information Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"12-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85661705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-01-01DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198903)40:2%3C110::AID-ASI5%3E3.0.CO;2-T
K. McCain
Search results for nine topics in the Medical Behavioral Sciences are reanalyzed to compare the overall performance of descriptor and citation search strategies in identifying relevant and novel documents. Overlap percentages between an aggregate "descriptor-based" database (MEDLINE, EXCERPTA MEDICA, PSYCINFO) and an aggregate "citation-based" database (SCISEARCH, SOCIAL SCISEARCH) ranged from 1% to 26%, with a median overlap of 8% relevant retrievals found using both search strategies. For seven topics in which both descriptor and citation strategies produced reasonably substantial retrievals, two patterns of search performance and novelty distribution were observed: 1) Where descriptor and citation retrieval showed little overlap, novelty retrieval percentages differed by 17-23% between the two strategies; 2) Topics with a relatively high percentage retrieval overlap showed little difference (1-4%) in descriptor and citation novelty retrieval percentages. These results reflect the varying partial congruence of two literature networks and represent two different types of subject relevance.
对医学行为科学中九个主题的搜索结果进行了重新分析，以比较描述符和引文搜索策略在识别相关和新颖文献方面的总体性能。“基于描述符”的综合数据库(MEDLINE，摘录MEDICA, PSYCINFO)和“基于引文”的综合数据库(SCISEARCH, SOCIAL SCISEARCH)之间的重叠百分比从1%到26%不等，使用两种搜索策略发现的相关检索的重叠中位数为8%。在描述词和引文策略均能产生大量检索量的7个主题中，发现两种策略的检索性能和新颖性分布有两种模式:1)在描述词和引文检索很少重叠的主题中，两种策略的新颖性检索百分比相差17-23%;2)检索重叠百分比较高的主题在描述符和引文新颖性检索百分比上差异不大(1-4%)。这些结果反映了两个文献网络的不同部分一致性，并代表了两种不同类型的主题相关性。
{"title":"Descriptor and citation retrieval in the Medical Behavioral Sciences literature: Retrieval overlaps and novelty distribution","authors":"K. McCain","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198903)40:2%3C110::AID-ASI5%3E3.0.CO;2-T","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198903)40:2%3C110::AID-ASI5%3E3.0.CO;2-T","url":null,"abstract":"Search results for nine topics in the Medical Behavioral Sciences are reanalyzed to compare the overall performance of descriptor and citation search strategies in identifying relevant and novel documents. Overlap percentages between an aggregate \"descriptor-based\" database (MEDLINE, EXCERPTA MEDICA, PSYCINFO) and an aggregate \"citation-based\" database (SCISEARCH, SOCIAL SCISEARCH) ranged from 1% to 26%, with a median overlap of 8% relevant retrievals found using both search strategies. For seven topics in which both descriptor and citation strategies produced reasonably substantial retrievals, two patterns of search performance and novelty distribution were observed: 1) Where descriptor and citation retrieval showed little overlap, novelty retrieval percentages differed by 17-23% between the two strategies; 2) Topics with a relatively high percentage retrieval overlap showed little difference (1-4%) in descriptor and citation novelty retrieval percentages. These results reflect the varying partial congruence of two literature networks and represent two different types of subject relevance.","PeriodicalId":79676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science. American Society for Information Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"110-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88958877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-09-01DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198809)39:5%3C348::AID-ASI13%3E3.0.CO;2-N
Trudi Bellardo
Professionals in the information field need a variety of up-to-date skills. Currently there are many options for learning and practicing these skills. Academic departments, professional societies, consultants, and various commercial organizations, all of whom offer courses, conferences, workshops, seminars, institutes and the like, compete with each other for training dollars. Other options for trainees include in-house training, how-to books and manuals, databases on CD-ROM, CAI and emulators, and videotapes. Major changes in training are taking place as a result of the rapidly increasing number of direct end users of information services and products. All potential trainees, whether end users or information professionals, must carefully assess the relative value of the training options available.
{"title":"Part IV. Different perspectives. Options and trends in the training of information professionals","authors":"Trudi Bellardo","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198809)39:5%3C348::AID-ASI13%3E3.0.CO;2-N","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198809)39:5%3C348::AID-ASI13%3E3.0.CO;2-N","url":null,"abstract":"Professionals in the information field need a variety of up-to-date skills. Currently there are many options for learning and practicing these skills. Academic departments, professional societies, consultants, and various commercial organizations, all of whom offer courses, conferences, workshops, seminars, institutes and the like, compete with each other for training dollars. Other options for trainees include in-house training, how-to books and manuals, databases on CD-ROM, CAI and emulators, and videotapes. Major changes in training are taking place as a result of the rapidly increasing number of direct end users of information services and products. All potential trainees, whether end users or information professionals, must carefully assess the relative value of the training options available.","PeriodicalId":79676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science. American Society for Information Science","volume":"58 4 1","pages":"348-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86793014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-03-01DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198803)39:2%3C135::AID-ASI13%3E3.0.CO;2-F
H. Warner
The IAIMS project at the University of Utah has focused on clinical linkages to facilitate the research, teaching, and service mission of the Medical Center. The planning phase focused on the relationship among ther users and providers of the system and developed a scenario describing the professor and clinical clerk making rounds in the bedside setting. The prototype Health Evaluation through Logical Processes (HELP) system brings together three sources necessary to solve a medical problem: the patient database, the medical literature, and an expert in the subject. Microcomputers provide access to the HELP system and a complementary literature knowledge database.
{"title":"Clinical linkages: IAIMS at the University of Utah","authors":"H. Warner","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198803)39:2%3C135::AID-ASI13%3E3.0.CO;2-F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198803)39:2%3C135::AID-ASI13%3E3.0.CO;2-F","url":null,"abstract":"The IAIMS project at the University of Utah has focused on clinical linkages to facilitate the research, teaching, and service mission of the Medical Center. The planning phase focused on the relationship among ther users and providers of the system and developed a scenario describing the professor and clinical clerk making rounds in the bedside setting. The prototype Health Evaluation through Logical Processes (HELP) system brings together three sources necessary to solve a medical problem: the patient database, the medical literature, and an expert in the subject. Microcomputers provide access to the HELP system and a complementary literature knowledge database.","PeriodicalId":79676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science. American Society for Information Science","volume":"12 1","pages":"135-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87040914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-03-01DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198803)39:2%3C107::AID-ASI8%3E3.0.CO;2-C
M. Ball, J. Douglas
The University of Maryland Campus for the Professions is now realizing the first benefits of integrated academic information management systems (IAIMS). With the support of the National Library of Medicine, the information Resources Management Division has joined with the Health Sciences Library to plan and to implement change. Within the information utility concept, networked data communications and end-user computing function as the means to integration. Plans call for new 370-based software to extend system capabilities. Mechanisms for outreach ensure that the potential of integration is realized. These mechanisms include technology assisted learning centers, informatics program development, special programs (geriatrics, hypertension pilot), and new applications (conferencing system, voice mail, videodisc development, interinstitutional resource sharing).
{"title":"Part II. Planning and implementing integrated information services. Integration and outreach: Integrated Academic Information Management Systems (IAIMS) at Maryland","authors":"M. Ball, J. Douglas","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198803)39:2%3C107::AID-ASI8%3E3.0.CO;2-C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198803)39:2%3C107::AID-ASI8%3E3.0.CO;2-C","url":null,"abstract":"The University of Maryland Campus for the Professions is now realizing the first benefits of integrated academic information management systems (IAIMS). With the support of the National Library of Medicine, the information Resources Management Division has joined with the Health Sciences Library to plan and to implement change. Within the information utility concept, networked data communications and end-user computing function as the means to integration. Plans call for new 370-based software to extend system capabilities. Mechanisms for outreach ensure that the potential of integration is realized. These mechanisms include technology assisted learning centers, informatics program development, special programs (geriatrics, hypertension pilot), and new applications (conferencing system, voice mail, videodisc development, interinstitutional resource sharing).","PeriodicalId":79676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science. American Society for Information Science","volume":"200 1","pages":"107-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85780933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-03-01DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198803)39:2<101::AID-ASI6>3.0.CO;2-#
{"title":"Integrated Academic Information Management Systems (IAIMS).","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198803)39:2<101::AID-ASI6>3.0.CO;2-#","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198803)39:2<101::AID-ASI6>3.0.CO;2-#","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science. American Society for Information Science","volume":"39 2","pages":"101-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198803)39:2<101::AID-ASI6>3.0.CO;2-#","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21154385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-03-01DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198803)39:2%3C105::AID-ASI7%3E3.0.CO;2-L
D. Lindberg
{"title":"Part I. The IAIMS initiatives of NLM. Institutional planning for advanced information services","authors":"D. Lindberg","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198803)39:2%3C105::AID-ASI7%3E3.0.CO;2-L","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198803)39:2%3C105::AID-ASI7%3E3.0.CO;2-L","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":79676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science. American Society for Information Science","volume":"351 1","pages":"105-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76751307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-03-01DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198803)39:2%3C126::AID-ASI11%3E3.0.CO;2-N
C. Feng, F. Weise
Information technologies are changing the traditional role of the library from that of a repository of information to that of an aggressive provider of information services utilizing electronic methods. In many cases, the library cannot realistically achieve this transformation independently but must work with the computer center to reach its objectives. Various models of the integration of libraries and computer centers are thus emerging. At the University of Maryland at Baltimore the Health Sciences Library and the Information Resources Management Division have developed a partnership based on functional relationships without changing the organizational structure. Strategic planning for an Integrated Academic Information Management System (IAIMS) acted as a catalyst in the process. The authors present the evolution of the partnership and discuss current projects being developed jointly by the two units.
{"title":"Part III. Implementation of integrated information services. Library/computer center partnership","authors":"C. Feng, F. Weise","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198803)39:2%3C126::AID-ASI11%3E3.0.CO;2-N","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198803)39:2%3C126::AID-ASI11%3E3.0.CO;2-N","url":null,"abstract":"Information technologies are changing the traditional role of the library from that of a repository of information to that of an aggressive provider of information services utilizing electronic methods. In many cases, the library cannot realistically achieve this transformation independently but must work with the computer center to reach its objectives. Various models of the integration of libraries and computer centers are thus emerging. At the University of Maryland at Baltimore the Health Sciences Library and the Information Resources Management Division have developed a partnership based on functional relationships without changing the organizational structure. Strategic planning for an Integrated Academic Information Management System (IAIMS) acted as a catalyst in the process. The authors present the evolution of the partnership and discuss current projects being developed jointly by the two units.","PeriodicalId":79676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science. American Society for Information Science","volume":"28 1","pages":"126-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85506506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-01-01DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198809)39:5%3C344::AID-ASI12%3E3.0.CO;2-U
M. Ball, J. Douglas, L. Lunin
Informatics, the applied use of information science, is undergoing definition and development in the health professions with the encouragement of the National Library of Medicine and other professional organizations. Medical informatics and disciplinary subsets such as nursing and dental informatics look to optimize a growing range of applications ranging from video-disks to expert systems. Recommendations call for the integration of informatics into the education of health care professionals. Academic health sciences centers are developing informatics programs; the University of Maryland Campus for the Professions has convened a task force and a national advisory board on informatics.
{"title":"Informatics and education in the health professions","authors":"M. Ball, J. Douglas, L. Lunin","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198809)39:5%3C344::AID-ASI12%3E3.0.CO;2-U","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198809)39:5%3C344::AID-ASI12%3E3.0.CO;2-U","url":null,"abstract":"Informatics, the applied use of information science, is undergoing definition and development in the health professions with the encouragement of the National Library of Medicine and other professional organizations. Medical informatics and disciplinary subsets such as nursing and dental informatics look to optimize a growing range of applications ranging from video-disks to expert systems. Recommendations call for the integration of informatics into the education of health care professionals. Academic health sciences centers are developing informatics programs; the University of Maryland Campus for the Professions has convened a task force and a national advisory board on informatics.","PeriodicalId":79676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science. American Society for Information Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"344-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81975754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-01-01DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198803)39:2%3C142::AID-ASI15%3E3.0.CO;2-9
R. West
The National Library of Medicine awards grants for the planning and development of integrated Academic Information Management Systems (IAIMS). The goal is to create mechanisms in health institutions and organizations to more effectively manage the knowledge of medicine. A background and description of the IAIMS Grant Program is given with emphasis on the planning phase. General observations and comments are made about IAIMS activities to date. A brief discussion about IAIMS futures is also included.
{"title":"Programmatic intent of IAIMS - past and future. The National Library of Medicine's IAIMS Grant Program: Experiences and futures","authors":"R. West","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198803)39:2%3C142::AID-ASI15%3E3.0.CO;2-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198803)39:2%3C142::AID-ASI15%3E3.0.CO;2-9","url":null,"abstract":"The National Library of Medicine awards grants for the planning and development of integrated Academic Information Management Systems (IAIMS). The goal is to create mechanisms in health institutions and organizations to more effectively manage the knowledge of medicine. A background and description of the IAIMS Grant Program is given with emphasis on the planning phase. General observations and comments are made about IAIMS activities to date. A brief discussion about IAIMS futures is also included.","PeriodicalId":79676,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science. American Society for Information Science","volume":"80 1","pages":"142-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86434592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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