Union effects on the wages and fringe benefits of nonprofessionals are estimated for a sample of hospitals in three midwestern states. Survey questionnaire, personal interviews, and published data are combined to determine both the compensation gains of unionized workers and the "spillover" effects on nonunion workers in unionized hospitals. The results of this analysis suggest that overall union effects on total compensation are in the order of 6 to 7 percent for both groups.
Unlike other aspects of the American health experience, there is a current void of information on expensive illness experiences. This paper is designed to fill this void and prrsents an analysis of the incidence and cost of catastrophic illness in the United States. Catastrophic illness is defined as an illness episode for which a person incurs $5,000 or more of medical expenses in a calendar year. This information is used to provide a framework for focusing the debate about catastrophic and national health insurance.
The observed variation in length of hospital stay across the regions of the country has long been of interest to regulators, providers, and third party payors in the hospital industry. The purpose of this article is to provide an economic model of hospital and industry behavior within which these variations can be explained. The model is tested using state data for the year 1973. The model performs well, although the theoretical role of the occupancy rate suggests that additional testing is warranted.
For the first time in the nation's history, it is now certain women will soon constitute a significant professional resource, not only qualitatively, but quantitatively. Unprecedented rising enrollment in professional training extends across the entire occupational spectrum: the elite professions, business disciplines, and doctoral programs including engineering and the sciences. Minority students are also rapidly increasing their share of professional enrollments which already approaches their proportion of the population. Unexplained is the fact that minority women are enrolling in top-level training much more rapidly than minority men as compared with majority students.
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