Annals of parasitology最新文献

Ectoparasitic leeches have many biologically active substances in their body, which are able to show various therapeutic effects, which makes them very relevant in the study. Among them, the most common are medicinal leeches: Hirudo verbana, Hirudo medicinalis and Hirudo orientalis. They are listed in the Red Book as a vulnerable species, so their population is mostly supported in biolabs. Therefore, the search for different methods of their preservation is relevant. The aim of the work was to test the effect of the duration of rest and feeding of animals for re- reproduction, which will increase their population. For the study, three experimental animal groups were formed: 1 control - the animals were fed a week after the first reproduction, re-reproduction occurred not earlier than 2 months; 2 experimental - selected animals that remained clitellum after the first reproduction and again sent to the peat-soil environment for reproduction without rest and feeding; 3 experimental - selected animals that remained clitellum after the first reproduction, fed after 1 week, after another 1-2 weeks again sent to the peat-soil medium for reproduction. As a result of the study, the restoration of the physiological state after the first dilution in the first and third groups was registered. In the second group, the animals are depleted as a result of defective offspring, mortality of them and their offspring.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is common gastrointestinal disorder with prevalence globally. Parasitic infection is one of the major risk factors for developing irritable bowel syndrome. We aim to estimate the incidence of Blastocystis sp. among IBS patients and nurse staff so as to assess the association between IBS and the Blastocystis infection by using microscopic and molecular techniques. Stool samples were collected from 136 people in the IBS group, 84 participates in the control group and 30 in nurse staff. The parasitic infection was recognized via a microscopic examination and confirmed by using PCR targeting SSU rRNA gene. The overall prevalence of the parasite through microscopic examination was 42.8%, including rates of 79.4%, 18.6% and 1.8% in the IBS, nurse staff and control groups, respectively. While the prevalence estimates for parasitic infections based on PCR was 46%, including rates of 74.7%, 21.7% and 3.4% in the IBS, nurse staff and control groups, respectively. The Blastocystis isolates of this study are Blastocystis hominis belong to subtype ST3 which was the predominant subtype isolated. All microscopically positive samples were also found positive by PCR, in addition eight microscopically negative samples were found positive by PCR. Hence PCR analysis was more sensitive than microscopic analyses. The rate of Blastocystis sp. using both methods was different significantly (P≤0.05). Concerning the incidence of Blastocystis sp., statistically significant association were found between nurse staff and IBS patients by using the diagnostic technique performed.

Bison bonasus (Linnaeus, 1758) and B. bison (Linnaeus, 1758) are mammals placed in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Populations of those species of animals are under threat of extinction. Therefore, developing practical measures for their protection is of great significance. However, one way of improving the population of bisons is integrated control of their helminths. The article generalizes the data about the helminth fauna of B. bonasus and B. bison, as well as data on relatively medicinal plants with anthelmintic properties. The results of the analysis indicate the existence of more effective medicinal plants that could be used to develop novel anthelmintic drugs. Less effective anthelmintic plants may be consumed by animals in pastures or with hay in the conditions of stable maintenance. Helminths in bison populations should be controlled using plant-based anthelmintic drugs taking into account infections in animals in particular herds of bisons by more or less dangerous helminths.

Malaria remains the most common parasitic disease on the planet, with 229 million cases and 409,000 deaths worldwide in 2019, including 274,030 children under the age of 5. It is one of the most important infectious diseases in the world and its control is compromised by the spread of the parasite's resistance to antimalarial drugs. This study aims to review the literature of resistant Plasmodium falciparum genes over the past twenty years. One hundred and five (105) articles were collected and read while the resistance of P. falciparum was being studied. Several P. falciparum gene resistances antimalarial drugs were discovered over the past twenty years. The most recent one is the Kelch13 gene of P. falciparum (Pfkelch13) which has showed resistance to artemisinin in Asia. In Africa, this gene represents a potential candidate for resistance to artemisinin, although no resistance was reported.

The leaping mullet Chelon saliens is one of the economically significant fish species and the revealing its parasite fauna in relation with some ecological and host related factors will provide new data for our current knowledge. A total of 165 leaping mullet were collected from Sinop coasts of the Black Sea in the period from September 2015 to August 2016 and investigated for parasites. Eleven parasite species including Myxobolus parvus, Myxobolus sp., Sphaerospora mugilis (Myxozoa), Ligophorus szidati, Solostamenides mugilis (Monogenea), Schikhobalotrema sparisomae, Saccocoelium tensum, Saccocoelium obesum (Digenea), Hysterothylacium aduncum (Nematoda), Neoechinorhynchus sp. (Acanthocephala) and Ergasilus lizae (Copepoda) have been identified. The overall infection prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance values were 65.5%, 26.2 and 17.2, respectively. The overall infection prevalence was dominated by L. szidati, followed by M. parvus and Digenea-group. On the other hand, the overall mean intensity values were dominated by Digenea-group, followed by L. szidati and E. lizae, respectively, while the mean abundance values were dominated by L. szidati, followed by Digenea-group and E. lizae. The infection indices of all identified parasites were also calculated in relation with length classes and sex of fish as well as season and the differences were evaluated statistically. Seasonally significant differences in the infection prevalence and mean abundance were found for Digenea-group, Ligophorus szidati and Neoechinorhynchus sp. These differences were also significant in the length classes of Digenea-group and Ligophorus szidati. This study is the first investigation on seasonal and host related dynamics of parasites of C. saliens in the southern coasts of the Black Sea and all investigated factors were found to influence the infection indices of dominating parasite species.

Blastocystis hominis is an intestinal protozoan that inhabits the large intestine of humans and a wide range of animals. Blastocystis species has a worldwide distribution. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence and the genetic variety of Blastocystis sp. in Iraqi children in Salah AL-Deen province, Iraq. 150 faecal samples were collected from children (5-10 years old) who attended the Salah AL-Deen hospital during the period from March to November 2020. The results revealed that 33.3% of children (50 out of 150) were found infected with Blastocystis sp., when the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used. The presence of ST3 gene was at a band of 526 bp where this gene was observed in 11 samples out of 50 samples. The results also showed significant differences in the prevalence rate between rural and urban regions; between symptomatic and asymptomatic children, and between children who contacted domestic animals and those who did not contact animals (P<0.05). No significant differences in the prevalence rate were between different age groups (P>0.05). Regarding the genetic variation in subtype 3(ST3) revealed in phylogenetic tree analysis, there were three variations (transversion, deletion, and transition) which were detected through the sequence alignment, also the similarity was 97% with the sequences of Blastocystis sp. registered in GenBank. The Iraqi ST3 isolate was registered with ID: OL410286 in GenBank.

Fasciolosis is a common parasitic disease in many parts of the world. The current case study is the first report of the confirmed fasciolosis in the southwest of Iran. The patient was a 51-year-old woman whom was referred to hospital for hypochondria pain and mild fever. She had several travels history to north province and consumption of row watercress. Sonography and ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) finding showed two mature Fasciola spp. in her common bile duct (CBD). The helminths were pulled from CBD and was identified as F. gigantica. The sera of the patient and her family were examined. The titration of antibody against Fasciola was high in sera of the patient but not positive for other member of her family. In the area with low prevalence of fasciolosis, patients clinical history and travelling to endemic areas should be considered for correct diagnosis. Fasciolosis should be considered as a travel-borne diseases in endemic areas and the consumption of water vegetables should be avoided.

Pet animals (dog, cat and rabbit) are kept for pleasure, enjoyment and companionship instead of their utility. They harbor many ectoparasites (tick, flea, mite) which have public health significance in developing countries. A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of ectoparasites on pet animals of Tansen Municipality of Palpa, Nepal. A total of 134 pet animals (cats, dogs and rabbits) were screened for ectoparasites, and semi-structured questionnaire were asked to get information regarding management practices (knowledge, attitude and practice of ectoparasite infestation) by owner. The ectoparasites were collected by hand picking and preserved in labelled vials containing 70% ethanol. A total of ninety-two (68.7%) pet animals were found to be infested with one or more ectoparasites. Among the pet animals examined, 73.9% (65/88), 58.3% (21/36) and 60% (6/10) were dogs, cats and rabbits respectively were found infected with ectoparasites. Four ectoparasite species were detected, of which one was tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus), two were fleas (Ctenocephalides canis, C. felis) and, one was louse (Linognathus setosus). Comparison of overall prevalence of ectoparasites among pet animals indicated that dogs were more susceptible to ectoparasite infestation. Only few of the respondents knew about the ectoparasites and diseases caused by them. The present study determined that high prevalence of parasites, and the low level of public awareness is the fundamental reason behind pet related zoonotic disease. Extensive public education about pet related zoonoses is needed to create awareness in public and to reduce the risk of harboring zoonotic diseases of public health importance.

Ticks are very harmful blood sucking protozoan- and rickettsial disease-causing arthropods in livestock and cause an adverse economy of the world, including tropical regions like Nepal. Thus, the current study was conducted to determine the distribution, prevalence, and the effects of ticks in the goat of the Rapti Municipality, Chitwan, Nepal. Ticks were picked from different body parts of goats (n=473) and identified to species level by using morphological identification keys under a microscope. The study revealed that 161 (34%) of goats were infested and females had highest prevalence of ticks compared to males (41% vs 28%). A total of 14 species of ticks of genera Haemaphysalis, Amblyomma, Rhipicephalus, Ixodes and Dermacentor were identified. All tick-positive goats were suffered from inflamed wounds with various skin manifestations. In conclusion, this study suggested that appropriate control measures for ticks need to be employed in the study area for economic goat production.

Skrjabinodon castillensis n. sp. is described and illustrated here, based on specimens found in the large intestines of Homonota horrida (province San Juan) and Homonota darwinii (province Neuquén) (Squamata: Phyllodactylidae) from Argentina. The new species is assigned to Skrjabinodon based lateral alae present in males, absent in females. Lateral alae beginning midway between lips and nerve ring and ending just posterior to first pair of caudal papillae. Females with vulva near esophageal bulb. In males, caudal alae absent, paired caudal papillae present. Skrjabinodon castillensis n. sp. represents the 9th species from the Neotropical realm. The new species differs from all other species assigned to Skrjabinodon by morphology of tail filament and number of tail filament spines. Skrjabinodon castillensis n. sp. is the only species of this genus known from Argentina. A key to the species of Skrjabinodon in the Neotropical realm is provided.