Annals of parasitology最新文献

Duddingtonia flagrans is a nematode trapping fungus used for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in livestock. The quantity of chlamydospores of D. flagrans required for the reduction of third-stage larvae (L3) of sheep gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) is largely unknown, and a matter of discussion. The aim of this experiment was to determine in vitro the nematophagous activity of four different concentrations of D. flagrans (1000, 3000, 6250, or 11000 chlamydospores/ml) in the presence of varying numbers of GIN third-stage larvae (L3) (500, 1000, 1500). Additionally, the study sought to evaluate the efficacy of this fungus on Haemonchus contortus, Teladorsagia circumcincta, Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Chabertia ovina. The results showed that as fungal concentrations increased, so did the larval reduction of third-stage infective larvae in each test. L3s number was not a determining factor in the efficacy against GIN. The comparison between various concentrations of chlamydospores revealed significant differences, particularly between 1000 and 11000 chlamydospores (P≤0.05). Regarding the larval reduction of the GIN species considered, D. flagrans demonstrated the same effectiveness across all species tested. The results of the current study confirm the efficacy and underscore the importance of D. flagrans as an alternative for controlling of GIN.

Fascioliasis, caused by F. gigantica, is a significant parasitic disease affecting livestock and humans. The study investigates the presence of Radix acuminata in local water bodies and its potential to harbor F. gigantica cercariae larvae. The study aims to elucidate the role of Radix acuminata in the transmission cycle of Fasciola gigantica. The taxonomic complexity of Lymnaeids poses challenges, prompting molecular and morphological analysis for accurate species identification. The findings shed light on the transmission dynamics of fascioliasis in this region and emphasize the importance of understanding intermediate hosts for effective control measures. This research contributes to the broader field of parasitology and informs strategies for mitigating the impact of fascioliasis in Meghalaya, Northeast India.

Pygocentrus nattereri Kner, 1858 and Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus, 1766) are species of serrasalmids sold in open-air markets and market municipalities in Maranhão, Brazil. Fifty-two individuals of P. nattereri and 52 of S. rhombeus were acquired from a fish market in the Municipality of Pinheiro,Maranhão, Brazil, and transported to the laboratory of "Inmunohistoquímica" from "Universidade Estadual do Maranhão" (UEMA). The lateral musculature of the fish was analyzed by making fine cuts, internal organs were placed in Petri dishes with distilled water, and with the aid of tweezers and needles, the tissue was examined by making fine cuts that allowed observation inside them. The results of the study revealed the presence of nematode larvae L3 of Contracaecum sp. was found parasitizing the visceral cavity, intestines, pyloric cecum, and stomach of P. nattereri and S. rhombeus. This study alerts local authorities and the population to take the necessary measures to prevent the accidental ingestion of endoparasites with zoonotic potential.

Demodex species are permanent parasites of pilosebaceous units infesting humans worldwide. Of the two species associated with the human host, Demodex folliculorum is much more commonly detected and occurs more abundantly in hair follicles and Zeiss glands. Demodex brevis, on the other hand, is mainly associated with the sebaceous and meibomian glands, all over the body. The infestation is usually chronic, and the troublesome ocular and skin symptoms often make it difficult for patients to function in both a social and professional context. Despite this, diagnostics for Demodex spp. are still not routinely performed during ophthalmological and dermatological examinations. We aimed to compare preparations of eyebrow hair, eyelashes, and skin scrapings, and to investigate the correlation with false negative results in the laboratory diagnosis of demodicosis. Direct microscopic examination was applied on 100 patients (81 women and 19 men). The most common ocular and skin symptoms reported by the study participants were eyelid itching and erythema, respectively. Significant differences were found between infested and uninfested patients with regard to the following symptoms: eyelid itching which was more common in infested patients (35.8%) (p = 0.0343) and chalazion occurring only in infested patients (13.2%) (p = 0.0285). The collection of diagnostic material from more than one site e.g. nasolabial folds, eyebrow hairs or eyelashes has a significant effect on the test result. Taking a single type of a sample from a single face zone can lead to false negative results.

Shrews and small rodents inhabit the drainage channel banks in reclai med areas and have their own helminth complex. The aim of the study is to conduct the 3rd research period during 2015-2019 the helminth fauna of these animals living on the drainage channel banks of model reclamation systems in Brest Polesie (south-western part of Belarus), to establish the species composition of helminths and the animal infection by these, and to compare the data obtained with previous research periods. 4,000 trap-days were worked out. 151 specimens of shrews of 4 species and 510 small rodents of 8 species were caught. Animals were examined by the method of complete helminthological dissections. Their numbers were 3.78 and 12.75 individuals per 100 trap-days, and helminth infection was 94.7% and 65.9%, respectively. 66 helminth species were found in animals. The dominant helminth species in infection have been identified. The trematode Prosolecithus danubica Tkach et Bray, 1995 (definitive host: common shrew), the acanthocephalans Centhrorhynchus aluconis (Müller, 1780) (larval host: lesser shrew) and Moniliformis moniliformis (Bremser, 1811) (definitive host: striped field mouse) are new species of helminths for Belarus. New hosts in Belarus have been found for 6 helminth species. Shrews and small rodents are involved in the life cycles of bird, non-ruminant artiodactyl and carnivorous mammal helminths. Nine helminth species have significance for medicine and 7 species for veterinary science. The results are compared with data from the 1st (1996-1999) and 2nd (2005-2010) research periods.

We present a case of a botfly larva (Gasterophilus intestinalis (De Geer, 1776)) that was removed from a horse's stomach during gastroscopy. Additionally, we provide a detailed yet unconventional perspective on the research of botfly presence in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Through citizen science, we confirm the occurrence of two species of Hypodermatinae, among which Hypoderma diana Brauer, 1858 is relatively common. In the subfamily Oestrinae, we confirmed the occurrence of three species. Cephenemyia stimulator (Clark, 1815) is very common, which suggests that this species could negatively impact deer populations and their vitality. On the other hand, species reproductively linked to livestock (cattle, sheep, and goats) are relatively rare, which may be associated with the transition to stable-based farming of these animals.

A parasitological examination of urine from a patient from Cameroon was performed. The eggs of Schistosoma haematobium were observed. Most of the eggs were viable and contained miracidia; these were subjected to observation. These observations may be useful in the diagnosis of schistosomiasis. Supplementary material (video) accompanies this paper, and is available at https://doi.org/10.17420/ap7003.535.S1 .

The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in goats of Suryabinayak Municipality, Bhaktapur, Nepal. A total of 300 faecal samples of goats were collected from the study area from July to August 2021 and subjected to direct smear, sedimentation, and flotation techniques for coprological examination. The study revealed that 86% of samples were positive for GI parasites with 15 genera, including six genera of protozoan, and nine genera of helminths. Age-dependent prevalence of helminth parasites was higher in adult goats (75%) than that young ones. Single infection was recorded 31.01%, double was 35.27%, and multiple was 33.72%. Training on goat rearing, proper management of goat farms, awareness on GI diseases, and their control can help the owners increase productivity.

Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. zoonotic infections may cause severe systemic and ocular illness in infected individuals. Cats play a significant role in environmental contamination and the transmission of parasites. The goal of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) and Toxocara spp. infection among stray cats at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences campus. The current descriptive study began with the collection of 170 fresh cat faecal samples from various sites in the Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences area. Sheather's sugar flotation method was applied to all specimens, and parasites were identified and examined microscopically. Next, a nested-PCR assay, sequencing, and real-time PCR with high-resolution melting curve (HRM) analysis were performed. In this study, out of 170 cat faecal samples microscopically evaluated, 8 (4.70%) and 37 (21.76%) were infected with T. gondii oocysts and Toxocara eggs, respectively. Using nested PCR, 8 out of 170 samples (4.70%) were found to be infected with T. gondii. HRM analysis showed that all isolates could be classified into three genetic lineages. Considerable prevalence, exceeding 50% for Toxocara and surpassing 25% for Toxoplasma in certain instances, along with genetic diversity, was observed in the present study. Hence, it is suggested that all individuals, including kindergarten children, students, employees, workers, and pregnant women who are in contact with their surroundings, take the necessary precautions.

The raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides is a canid species native to East Asia, and a non-native in Europe, where it was introduced more than six decades ago. It is known to be a vector of numerous diseases and parasites. This paper reports the first in Poland, and second in Eurasia detection of parasitic nematode Angiostrongylus vasorum in a raccoon dog. Moreover, this represents the westernmost case of detection of parasite in this canid. The recent increase in the number and range of raccoon dogs in Europe and the relatively high number of zoonotic parasite taxa they harbour suggests that this species should be considered as an significant source of environmental contamination with zoonotic agents in Europe.