It was shown that bismuth subsalicylate BiC7H5O4 of high purity (with low contents of impurity metals and nitrate ions) is advisable to obtain from bismuth subnitrate [Bi6O5(OH)3](NO3)5⋅3H2O through converting it into oxide Bi2O3 by treating with a solution of sodium hydroxide and then into bismuth subsalicylate BiC7H5O4 by treating bismuth oxide with a lactic acid–salicylic acid solution at a temperature of 60–85°C.
A complex electrochemical technology for treating wastewater from a meat processing plant is described. During the water treatment process, sequential treatment occurs in an electrochemical module with a graphite anode and an electrochemical module with an iron anode, as well as holding in a maturation and averaging chamber. It has been proven that in the module with an iron anode, ferrates are generated, which simultaneously perform the functions of a soft oxidizer, coagulant, and steel corrosion inhibitor.
The review shows the relevance and advantages of application of controlled-release fertilizers and describes their production methods and practical implementations. A classification method developed by the authors is proposed, and the main properties and quality control indicators for such fertilizer products are determined.
Using the method of thermochemical activation of wood-processing waste in H3PO4 at 1173 K, a microporous carbon adsorbent EC-103 (1) is obtained with a specific micropore volume of W0 = 0.80 cm3/g, a micropore width of X0 = 1.32 nm, and a specific surface area of SBET = 2115 m2/g. At 303 K and 20 MPa, the adsorption activity of the adsorbent reaches ~22 wt % for methane. The volumetric density of adsorbed methane on the compacted adsorbent EC-103 (1) with a binder at a pressure of 10 MPa reaches ~200 nm3/m3.
A review was made of the literature data published in Russia and abroad over the past ten years on the extraction of rare earth elements (REEs) with binary mixtures of extractants of various classes. It was noted that high values of REE separation coefficients are in the most cases achieved by increasing the selectivity of the extractant mixtures used due to the formation of complexes of mixed composition in the organic phase. In addition, in some systems with mixtures of extractants, the processes of stripping metals from the organic phase are facilitated.
The work studied the UV–visible transparency of oxide films of ZrO2, CuO, TiO2, Y2O3, ZnO, and NiO of various thicknesses on quartz glass, which were obtained by the extraction–pyrolytic method at a pyrolysis temperature of 500°C and a crystallization temperature of 700°C. The results of studying the optical properties of the produced samples showed the possibility of obtaining coatings that provide both a decrease and an increase in transparency in various regions of the UV radiation.
Abstract—Aerobic oxidation of organosulfur compounds of petroleum origin by atmospheric oxygen was performed using a heterogeneous catalyst in the form of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. By studying the oxidation of model mixtures (a solution of dibenzothiophene in decalin), the following conditions for the complete oxidation of dibenzothiophene were selected: catalyst weight, 1 mg; temperature 130°C; and time, 180 min. The catalyst remains active throughout five oxidation cycles. Physicochemical studies showed that the phase composition and structure of the catalyst persist after the regeneration stage.
In the article the method of stage-by-stage optimization of static regimes of rectification columns in five-column system of separation of marketable ethylene from pyrolysis products is considered. The essence of the method is to calculate each of the columns of the system by a private problem in the form of maximizing the flow rate of the product stream, carrying in ethylene of a given concentration. Concentrations of ethylene in product streams of columns, except for given concentration in outlet stream, have been determined by simulation to obtain convergence of static mode calculation of system in given range of supply rate variation. Upon completion of the calculation, the total heat consumption for all columns of the unit and the specific heat consumption for the finished product are calculated.
The extraction of molybdenum from a multicomponent nitric acid productive solution with various values of the redox potential using extractant CYANEX®600 (Solvay company) and diluent Elixore 205 (Total company) is studied. Extraction curves are constructed and the process of molybdenum extraction from nitrate leaching solutions is simulated using the Minchem software package from Solvay. The number of extraction stages necessary to achieve an extraction efficiency of more than 95% is selected, which is found to be equal to two stages with phase ratios (Org/Aq) of 1.5 : 1 and 1 : 1 for an extractant concentration of 25%. It is established that the degree of extraction of molybdenum at the extraction stages with reduced values of the redox potential of the productive solution increases from 68.64 to 97.36%.
A brief review was made of literature data on the extraction of carboxylic acids with binary extractants and hydrophobic bifunctional ionic liquids. It was noted that the carboxylic acids in systems with these extractants are distributed mainly by ion pairing and hydrogen bonding. An important advantage of these extraction systems is the ability to effectively recover carboxylic acids from dilute aqueous solutions. An analysis of literature data showed the promise of using binary extractants and hydrophobic bifunctional ionic liquids for the recovery and separation of carboxylic acids.
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