Jessin P Jayasankar, Sundeep Vijayaraghavan, Praveen B Reddy, Brijesh P Kottayil, Rajesh M Gopalkrishnan, Praveen Kumar Neema
Arterial lines are routinely used for hemodynamic monitoring and blood sampling in the operating room and in cardiac surgery intensive care unit. The complications related to arterial line insertion are very low; the knowledge of the relevant artery anatomy, skills and the experience of the operator and selection of a right size cannula plays a vital role in reducing morbidity related to arterial line insertion. We describe extensive superficial and deep necrosis of lower limb following arterial cannula insertion in a preterm neonate undergoing arterial switch procedure and discuss measures to prevent such a complication.
{"title":"Acute superficial and deep necrosis of lower limb following femoral arterial cannulation in a neonate undergoing arterial switch operation for transposition of great arteries.","authors":"Jessin P Jayasankar, Sundeep Vijayaraghavan, Praveen B Reddy, Brijesh P Kottayil, Rajesh M Gopalkrishnan, Praveen Kumar Neema","doi":"10.4103/aca.aca_177_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aca.aca_177_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arterial lines are routinely used for hemodynamic monitoring and blood sampling in the operating room and in cardiac surgery intensive care unit. The complications related to arterial line insertion are very low; the knowledge of the relevant artery anatomy, skills and the experience of the operator and selection of a right size cannula plays a vital role in reducing morbidity related to arterial line insertion. We describe extensive superficial and deep necrosis of lower limb following arterial cannula insertion in a preterm neonate undergoing arterial switch procedure and discuss measures to prevent such a complication.</p>","PeriodicalId":7997,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10691566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49673612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emily E Naoum, Jamel P Ortoleva, Ryan M Militana, Marti D Soffer, Doreen DeFaria Yeh
Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CCTGA) is a rare form of congenital heart disease often associated with other cardiac defects. The adaptations and physiologic changes in pregnancy can present maternal challenges and complications; multidisciplinary care allows for the safest management of pregnancy and delivery in these patients. We present a case of the anesthetic management of cesarean delivery in a woman with CCTGA with her pregnancy complicated by recurrent volume overload, pulmonary hypertension, and dysrhythmias.
{"title":"Anesthesia for cesarean delivery in a patient with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries: A case report.","authors":"Emily E Naoum, Jamel P Ortoleva, Ryan M Militana, Marti D Soffer, Doreen DeFaria Yeh","doi":"10.4103/aca.aca_5_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aca.aca_5_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CCTGA) is a rare form of congenital heart disease often associated with other cardiac defects. The adaptations and physiologic changes in pregnancy can present maternal challenges and complications; multidisciplinary care allows for the safest management of pregnancy and delivery in these patients. We present a case of the anesthetic management of cesarean delivery in a woman with CCTGA with her pregnancy complicated by recurrent volume overload, pulmonary hypertension, and dysrhythmias.</p>","PeriodicalId":7997,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10691569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49673614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Epidural blood patch placement with patient wearing wearable cardioverter defibrillator: To be or Not to be.","authors":"Deepak Gupta","doi":"10.4103/aca.aca_71_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aca.aca_71_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7997,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10691573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49673626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anitha Diwakar, T Geetanjali, Pankaj Punetha, Channabasavaraj Hiremath
Pheochromocytomas are catecholamine-secreting tumours arising mostly from the adrenal medulla. With the advancement in surgical and anaesthetic techniques, the incidence of severe morbidity and mortality associated with surgery is low. However, concurrent coronary artery disease and pheochromocytoma continue to be a challenge due to the risk of adverse cardiovascular events. We describe the successful management of pheochromocytoma excision in a patient with coronary artery disease.
{"title":"Laparoscopic excision of normotensive variant pheochromocytoma in a case of triple vessel coronary artery disease: The anaesthesia challenge.","authors":"Anitha Diwakar, T Geetanjali, Pankaj Punetha, Channabasavaraj Hiremath","doi":"10.4103/aca.aca_14_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aca.aca_14_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pheochromocytomas are catecholamine-secreting tumours arising mostly from the adrenal medulla. With the advancement in surgical and anaesthetic techniques, the incidence of severe morbidity and mortality associated with surgery is low. However, concurrent coronary artery disease and pheochromocytoma continue to be a challenge due to the risk of adverse cardiovascular events. We describe the successful management of pheochromocytoma excision in a patient with coronary artery disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":7997,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10691557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49673629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the standard of care for patients suffering from end stage liver disease (ESLD). This is a high-risk procedure with the potential for hemorrhage, large shifts in preload and afterload, and release of vasoactive mediators that can have profound effects on hemodynamic equilibrium. In addition, patients with ESLD can have preexisting coronary artery disease, cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, porto-pulomary hypertension and imbalanced coagulation. As cardiovascular involvement is invariable and patient are at an appreciable risk of intraoperative cardiac arrest, Trans esophageal echocardiography (TEE) is increasingly becoming a routinely utilized monitor during OLT in patients without contraindications to its use. A comprehensive TEE assessment performed by trained operators provides a wealth of information on baseline cardiac function, while a focused study specific for the ESLD patients can help in prompt diagnosis and treatment of critical events. Future studies utilizing TEE will eventually optimize examination safety, quality, permit patient risk stratification, provide intraoperative guidance, and allow for evaluation of graft vasculature.
{"title":"Utility of transesophageal echocardiography during orthotopic liver transplantation: A narrative review.","authors":"Christopher Hansebout, Tejal V Desai, Achal Dhir","doi":"10.4103/aca.aca_186_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aca.aca_186_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the standard of care for patients suffering from end stage liver disease (ESLD). This is a high-risk procedure with the potential for hemorrhage, large shifts in preload and afterload, and release of vasoactive mediators that can have profound effects on hemodynamic equilibrium. In addition, patients with ESLD can have preexisting coronary artery disease, cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, porto-pulomary hypertension and imbalanced coagulation. As cardiovascular involvement is invariable and patient are at an appreciable risk of intraoperative cardiac arrest, Trans esophageal echocardiography (TEE) is increasingly becoming a routinely utilized monitor during OLT in patients without contraindications to its use. A comprehensive TEE assessment performed by trained operators provides a wealth of information on baseline cardiac function, while a focused study specific for the ESLD patients can help in prompt diagnosis and treatment of critical events. Future studies utilizing TEE will eventually optimize examination safety, quality, permit patient risk stratification, provide intraoperative guidance, and allow for evaluation of graft vasculature.</p>","PeriodicalId":7997,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10691562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49673635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A 25-year-old female was presented with acute right heart failure (aRHF) and cardiogenic shock secondary to thyrotoxicosis with concomitant acute respiratory failure. A ProtekDuo cannula was placed to provide temporary percutaneous right ventricular assistance and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in venopulmonary (V-P) configuration, which provided both decompression of the right ventricle (RV) and oxygenation. With treatment of the underlying thyrotoxicosis, the RV function improved and respiratory failure resolved. She was discharged home in good condition. This case details alternative ECMO management with ProtekDuo compared to the gold standard of venoarterial (V-A) ECMO.
{"title":"The protekduo cannula for acute right ventricular support in thyrotoxicosis.","authors":"Marc O Maybauer, Joseph M Brewer","doi":"10.4103/aca.aca_26_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aca.aca_26_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 25-year-old female was presented with acute right heart failure (aRHF) and cardiogenic shock secondary to thyrotoxicosis with concomitant acute respiratory failure. A ProtekDuo cannula was placed to provide temporary percutaneous right ventricular assistance and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in venopulmonary (V-P) configuration, which provided both decompression of the right ventricle (RV) and oxygenation. With treatment of the underlying thyrotoxicosis, the RV function improved and respiratory failure resolved. She was discharged home in good condition. This case details alternative ECMO management with ProtekDuo compared to the gold standard of venoarterial (V-A) ECMO.</p>","PeriodicalId":7997,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10691564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49673633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comment on \"use of pre-operative haemoglobin a1c to predict early post-operative renal failure and infection risks in patients who are not diabetics and undergoing elective off pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery\".","authors":"Rohan Magoon, Arindam Choudhury","doi":"10.4103/aca.aca_57_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aca.aca_57_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7997,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10691561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49673618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Commentary: Anomalies of systemic veins: A topic of interest to the anesthesiologist.","authors":"Madan M Maddali, Robert H Anderson","doi":"10.4103/aca.aca_120_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aca.aca_120_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7997,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10691563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49673619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Maintaining a low left atrial pressure (LAP) in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) is desirable. This study was done to compare the effects of intravenous levosimendan or milrinone on LAP at different stages of OPCAB.
Materials and methods: After institutional ethics committee clearance, this two-arm double-blind randomized control trial was done in 44 adult patients with triple vessel coronary artery disease undergoing OPCAB at cardiac OT of IPGME&R, Kolkata. The patients were randomly allocated into two groups receiving intraoperative either levosimendan or milrinone. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) was compared as the primary outcome parameter, whereas other echocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters were also assessed during six stages of OPCAB, that is, after sternotomy, proximal(s), left anterior descending artery (LAD), obtuse marginal (OM), posterior descending artery (PDA) grafting, and before sternal closure. Numerical parameters were compared using Student's unpaired two-tailed t-test.
Results: PCWP was found to be significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the levosimendan group during proximal (P = 0.047), LAD (P = 0.018), OM (P < 0.0001), PDA grafting (P = 0.028), and before sternal closure (P = 0.015). Other parameters indicate LAP, that is, from mitral early diastolic inflow velocity to mitral annular early diastolic velocity ratio (E/e'), which indicated significantly lower LAP in levosimendan group during LAD, OM, and PDA grafting and before sternal closure. Conclusion: Levosimendan may be used as a primary inotrope in terms of better reduction in left atrial pressure during different stages of OPCAB, translating to a decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, therefore maintaining optimum coronary perfusion pressure, which is the primary goal of the surgery.
{"title":"Effect of intravenous levosimendan or milrinone on left atrial pressure in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting-A prospective double-blind, randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Abhinandan Mondal, Kakali Ghosh, Sandeep Kumar Kar, Pavan Kumar Dammalapati, Chaitali S Dasgupta","doi":"10.4103/aca.aca_51_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aca.aca_51_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maintaining a low left atrial pressure (LAP) in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) is desirable. This study was done to compare the effects of intravenous levosimendan or milrinone on LAP at different stages of OPCAB.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>After institutional ethics committee clearance, this two-arm double-blind randomized control trial was done in 44 adult patients with triple vessel coronary artery disease undergoing OPCAB at cardiac OT of IPGME&R, Kolkata. The patients were randomly allocated into two groups receiving intraoperative either levosimendan or milrinone. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) was compared as the primary outcome parameter, whereas other echocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters were also assessed during six stages of OPCAB, that is, after sternotomy, proximal(s), left anterior descending artery (LAD), obtuse marginal (OM), posterior descending artery (PDA) grafting, and before sternal closure. Numerical parameters were compared using Student's unpaired two-tailed t-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PCWP was found to be significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the levosimendan group during proximal (P = 0.047), LAD (P = 0.018), OM (P < 0.0001), PDA grafting (P = 0.028), and before sternal closure (P = 0.015). Other parameters indicate LAP, that is, from mitral early diastolic inflow velocity to mitral annular early diastolic velocity ratio (E/e'), which indicated significantly lower LAP in levosimendan group during LAD, OM, and PDA grafting and before sternal closure. Conclusion: Levosimendan may be used as a primary inotrope in terms of better reduction in left atrial pressure during different stages of OPCAB, translating to a decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, therefore maintaining optimum coronary perfusion pressure, which is the primary goal of the surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":7997,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10691577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49673623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abhishek Verma, Guriqbal Singh, Visharad Trivedi, K S Ramkiran, Mittapalli Jeevan Babu, Himani Pandya, Jigisha Pujara
Background: Overinflation of cuffed endotracheal tubes and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) probe causes increased intracuff pressure (CP) compromising tracheal perfusion pressure (TPP). Primary objective of the study was to assess CP, TPP on TEE probe insertion and examination during pediatric cardiac surgeries. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the effect of the probe on peak airway pressures (Ppeak), mean airway pressures (Pmean) and to monitor CP, TPP on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).
Materials and methods: This prospective observational study included fifty patients, aged 1-5 years undergoing cardiac surgeries using CPB. Following induction, TEE probe was introduced. CP, TPP, Ppeak, Pmean were measured before insertion of TEE probe (T1), during probe insertion (T2) and examination at mid-esophageal (T3), transgastric level (T4), and on removing probe (T6). CP, TPP were monitored on CPB (T5). Statistical analysis was done using paired t-test.
Results: CP, Ppeak and Pmean increased significantly, while TPP decreased significantly from T1 to T2, T3, T4 (P < 0.001). CP, TPP decreased significantly at T5 in comparison to T6 (P < 0.001). In 48% of the patients CP increased above 30 cm H2O at T2.
Conclusion: TEE probe causes an increase in CP and decreases TPP. Constant monitoring and maintaining CP, TPP in optimum range is recommended.
{"title":"Effect of transesophageal echocardiography probe on tracheal perfusion pressure and ventilatory parameters in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass: A prospective observational study.","authors":"Abhishek Verma, Guriqbal Singh, Visharad Trivedi, K S Ramkiran, Mittapalli Jeevan Babu, Himani Pandya, Jigisha Pujara","doi":"10.4103/aca.aca_19_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aca.aca_19_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Overinflation of cuffed endotracheal tubes and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) probe causes increased intracuff pressure (CP) compromising tracheal perfusion pressure (TPP). Primary objective of the study was to assess CP, TPP on TEE probe insertion and examination during pediatric cardiac surgeries. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the effect of the probe on peak airway pressures (P<sub>peak</sub>), mean airway pressures (P<sub>mean</sub>) and to monitor CP, TPP on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This prospective observational study included fifty patients, aged 1-5 years undergoing cardiac surgeries using CPB. Following induction, TEE probe was introduced. CP, TPP, P<sub>peak</sub>, P<sub>mean</sub> were measured before insertion of TEE probe (T<sub>1</sub>), during probe insertion (T<sub>2</sub>) and examination at mid-esophageal (T<sub>3</sub>), transgastric level (T<sub>4</sub>), and on removing probe (T<sub>6</sub>). CP, TPP were monitored on CPB (T<sub>5</sub>). Statistical analysis was done using paired t-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CP, P<sub>peak</sub> and P<sub>mean</sub> increased significantly, while TPP decreased significantly from T<sub>1</sub> to T<sub>2</sub>, T<sub>3</sub>, T<sub>4</sub> (P < 0.001). CP, TPP decreased significantly at T<sub>5</sub> in comparison to T<sub>6</sub> (P < 0.001). In 48% of the patients CP increased above 30 cm H<sub>2</sub>O at T<sub>2</sub>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TEE probe causes an increase in CP and decreases TPP. Constant monitoring and maintaining CP, TPP in optimum range is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":7997,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10691560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49673624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}