Abstract The production of cheap and eco-friendly graphene material for the removal of contaminants in wastewater is necessary for sustainable water treatment. In this study, the production of graphene oxide from agricultural wastes (rind of orange and palm kernel shell) for the adsorption of paracetamol from aqueous solution was examined. The Graphene Oxides (GO) were produced using modified Hummer method and characterized using XRD and FTIR analyses. The kinetic data were analyzed using the pseudo-first and pseudo-second order equations, while the equilibrium isotherm data were fitted into Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. FTIR spectral indicated mainly the presence of oxygen containing functional groups such as Hydroxyl group (OH) and Carbonyl group (C=O, C-O) confirming the synthesis of graphene oxide. The highest percentage removal of 76.6 from the aqueous paracetamol solution was established at pH 7, adsorbent dose of 0.4 g and contact time of 80 minutes with graphene oxide from palm kernel shell. The adsorption data was best described by pseudo-second-order model (R2---gt--- 0.900) and Freundlich isotherm. Therefore the rind of orange and palm kernel shell can be suitable cheap alternatives to graphite for the synthesis of GO. Modification and further purification of the GO can be carried out to enhance their adsorption capacities.
{"title":"Adsorption Study of Paracetamol with Graphene oxide Synthesized from Agricultural waste","authors":"T. Osobamiro, A. Oladipo","doi":"10.2478/ast-2022-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ast-2022-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The production of cheap and eco-friendly graphene material for the removal of contaminants in wastewater is necessary for sustainable water treatment. In this study, the production of graphene oxide from agricultural wastes (rind of orange and palm kernel shell) for the adsorption of paracetamol from aqueous solution was examined. The Graphene Oxides (GO) were produced using modified Hummer method and characterized using XRD and FTIR analyses. The kinetic data were analyzed using the pseudo-first and pseudo-second order equations, while the equilibrium isotherm data were fitted into Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. FTIR spectral indicated mainly the presence of oxygen containing functional groups such as Hydroxyl group (OH) and Carbonyl group (C=O, C-O) confirming the synthesis of graphene oxide. The highest percentage removal of 76.6 from the aqueous paracetamol solution was established at pH 7, adsorbent dose of 0.4 g and contact time of 80 minutes with graphene oxide from palm kernel shell. The adsorption data was best described by pseudo-second-order model (R2---gt--- 0.900) and Freundlich isotherm. Therefore the rind of orange and palm kernel shell can be suitable cheap alternatives to graphite for the synthesis of GO. Modification and further purification of the GO can be carried out to enhance their adsorption capacities.","PeriodicalId":7998,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90132972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Olatunji, S. Arowosegbe, Oluwaseyi C. Adeleke, Damilola Obawumi, A. Asowata-Ayodele
Abstract Despite the fact that vegetables are consumed in large quantities in our environment, there is a dearth of literature that focused on the optimum benefits to man especially in the management of disease like Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Nicotine, the major phyto-constituent of Nicotiana tabacum of the family Solanaceae has been reported to be present in some other species of the family. This study investigated the nicotine content and the dietary components in the leaves and fruits of selected species of cultivated vegetable plants belonging to Solanaceae family. Edible plants from Solanaceae family were grown till the fruiting stage in the experimental farm of Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, while Nicotiana tabacum was used as the control plant. Plants samples from mature leaves and fruits of each plant were harvested washed with de-ionized water, oven dried at 30°C. Powdered samples were analyzed for mineral and proximate components according to standard procedure and nicotine content were determined with GC-MS. Nicotine remained the major constituent of tobacco. Nicotyrine, a product of nicotine dehydrogenation was also detected in all the plant samples. Capsicum annum var. accuminatum fruit displayed the highest nicotine content (0.5543 mg/L) compared to the others with relatively lower quantities. Nicotyrine content was more available in the plant fruits than nicotine, with C. annum var abbreviatum displaying more of nicotyrine content (75.3456 mg/L). Solanum lycopersicum displayed the highest moisture contents (19.94 %), followed by tobacco leaf (11.88%). N. tabacum leaf displayed high quantity of protein (56.52%) than other members. The fruits of the solanaceae plant species were rich in carbohydrate, protein with very low amount of fat. This study revealed that the solanaceae plants contained more of nicotyrine than nicotine. In contrast to the previous studies, the nicotine content was higher in the eggplant leaves than the fruits. Eggplant and Capsicum species can be recommended for patient suffering from neurodegenerative diseases like PD.
{"title":"Nicotine content and Dietary composition of some cultivated Species of Solanaceae family","authors":"B. Olatunji, S. Arowosegbe, Oluwaseyi C. Adeleke, Damilola Obawumi, A. Asowata-Ayodele","doi":"10.2478/ast-2022-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ast-2022-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Despite the fact that vegetables are consumed in large quantities in our environment, there is a dearth of literature that focused on the optimum benefits to man especially in the management of disease like Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Nicotine, the major phyto-constituent of Nicotiana tabacum of the family Solanaceae has been reported to be present in some other species of the family. This study investigated the nicotine content and the dietary components in the leaves and fruits of selected species of cultivated vegetable plants belonging to Solanaceae family. Edible plants from Solanaceae family were grown till the fruiting stage in the experimental farm of Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, while Nicotiana tabacum was used as the control plant. Plants samples from mature leaves and fruits of each plant were harvested washed with de-ionized water, oven dried at 30°C. Powdered samples were analyzed for mineral and proximate components according to standard procedure and nicotine content were determined with GC-MS. Nicotine remained the major constituent of tobacco. Nicotyrine, a product of nicotine dehydrogenation was also detected in all the plant samples. Capsicum annum var. accuminatum fruit displayed the highest nicotine content (0.5543 mg/L) compared to the others with relatively lower quantities. Nicotyrine content was more available in the plant fruits than nicotine, with C. annum var abbreviatum displaying more of nicotyrine content (75.3456 mg/L). Solanum lycopersicum displayed the highest moisture contents (19.94 %), followed by tobacco leaf (11.88%). N. tabacum leaf displayed high quantity of protein (56.52%) than other members. The fruits of the solanaceae plant species were rich in carbohydrate, protein with very low amount of fat. This study revealed that the solanaceae plants contained more of nicotyrine than nicotine. In contrast to the previous studies, the nicotine content was higher in the eggplant leaves than the fruits. Eggplant and Capsicum species can be recommended for patient suffering from neurodegenerative diseases like PD.","PeriodicalId":7998,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78508851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jamilu B Danjuma, I. Abubakar, J. Nwaogu, Aliyu Muhamamd, I. Malami, A. Abdulhamid
Abstract Background: For decades, the resident of Zuru emirate have used herbal medicine to treat liver-related diseases including jaundice. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate and document the herbal medicine used for treating jaundice in Zuru emirate. Method: Oral interviews and questionnaire were used to document information on medicinal plants, medicinal practices, and demographic profiles of respondents. The medicinal plants that were mentioned were collected, identified, and assigned voucher numbers. The names were further authenticated using www.theplantlist.org and theworldfloraonline.org. Thereafter, the methanol stem bark extracts of three of the most frequently mentioned plants were subjected to in vitro bilirubin degradation assay. Result: A total of 46 TMPs Traditional medicine practitioners responded and cited 28 medicinal plants and medicinal practices used to treat jaundice. The most frequently mentioned plants were Erythrina senegalensis (19.6%) followed by Cochlospermum planchonii (13%), and Anogeissus leiocarpus (13%). The herbal remedies were prepared using different parts of the plants as boiled juice or powder and mostly taken as juice with pap or fresh raw cow milk. The in vitro bilirubin degradation assay revealed a time-dependent and dose-dependent bilirubin degradation by Anogeissus leiocarpus (63.05 %), Erythrina senegalensis (46.33%), and Cochlospermum planchonii (27.45%). Conclusion: The present findings revealed the medicinal plants that are used to treat jaundice and the potential jaundice ameliorative effect of these plants may involve bilirubin degradation. Future in vitro and in vivo mechanistic studies should investigate the jaundice ameliorative potency of these plants.
{"title":"Ethnomedicinal study and in vitro validation of medicinal plants used for treating Jaundice in Zuru emirate of Kebbi State, Nigeria","authors":"Jamilu B Danjuma, I. Abubakar, J. Nwaogu, Aliyu Muhamamd, I. Malami, A. Abdulhamid","doi":"10.2478/ast-2022-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ast-2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: For decades, the resident of Zuru emirate have used herbal medicine to treat liver-related diseases including jaundice. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate and document the herbal medicine used for treating jaundice in Zuru emirate. Method: Oral interviews and questionnaire were used to document information on medicinal plants, medicinal practices, and demographic profiles of respondents. The medicinal plants that were mentioned were collected, identified, and assigned voucher numbers. The names were further authenticated using www.theplantlist.org and theworldfloraonline.org. Thereafter, the methanol stem bark extracts of three of the most frequently mentioned plants were subjected to in vitro bilirubin degradation assay. Result: A total of 46 TMPs Traditional medicine practitioners responded and cited 28 medicinal plants and medicinal practices used to treat jaundice. The most frequently mentioned plants were Erythrina senegalensis (19.6%) followed by Cochlospermum planchonii (13%), and Anogeissus leiocarpus (13%). The herbal remedies were prepared using different parts of the plants as boiled juice or powder and mostly taken as juice with pap or fresh raw cow milk. The in vitro bilirubin degradation assay revealed a time-dependent and dose-dependent bilirubin degradation by Anogeissus leiocarpus (63.05 %), Erythrina senegalensis (46.33%), and Cochlospermum planchonii (27.45%). Conclusion: The present findings revealed the medicinal plants that are used to treat jaundice and the potential jaundice ameliorative effect of these plants may involve bilirubin degradation. Future in vitro and in vivo mechanistic studies should investigate the jaundice ameliorative potency of these plants.","PeriodicalId":7998,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74915458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Most people’s private lives can be monitored by smartphone applications (apps). Apps have the potential to invade private spaces, access and map social interactions, track users’ whereabouts, and track their online activities. Our interest is in the volume of data that a specific app can and seeks to retrieve on a smartphone. Smartphone app privacy friendliness is normally evaluated based on single-source analyses, which often do not offer a thorough assessment of the app’s actual privacy threats. In order to analyze Android apps’ privacy, this study proposes a multi-source methodology. Our data sets and methodology from app manifestos, privacy policies, vulnerability analysis and user reviews were described. Results from a case study on ten well-known finance applications operating in Nigeria were provided in order to assess our methodology. Our findings showed distinct patterns regarding the possible privacy implications of apps, with some of the apps in the data set infringing fundamental privacy principles. The case study’s findings reveal significant differences that can guide users in making relevant app choices.
{"title":"A Multilateral Privacy Impact Analysis Method for Android Applications","authors":"Kelly E. Orjiude, C. Yinka-banjo","doi":"10.2478/ast-2022-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ast-2022-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Most people’s private lives can be monitored by smartphone applications (apps). Apps have the potential to invade private spaces, access and map social interactions, track users’ whereabouts, and track their online activities. Our interest is in the volume of data that a specific app can and seeks to retrieve on a smartphone. Smartphone app privacy friendliness is normally evaluated based on single-source analyses, which often do not offer a thorough assessment of the app’s actual privacy threats. In order to analyze Android apps’ privacy, this study proposes a multi-source methodology. Our data sets and methodology from app manifestos, privacy policies, vulnerability analysis and user reviews were described. Results from a case study on ten well-known finance applications operating in Nigeria were provided in order to assess our methodology. Our findings showed distinct patterns regarding the possible privacy implications of apps, with some of the apps in the data set infringing fundamental privacy principles. The case study’s findings reveal significant differences that can guide users in making relevant app choices.","PeriodicalId":7998,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89697845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Background: It is a practice to use traditional medicine for curing various illnesses in West Africa. Acacia hebecladoides, Acacia albida and Gmelina arborea were selected based on their traditional belief for treating various ailments such as: hallucinations, inflammation and tuberculosis. The study sought to validate the antitubercular activity, antioxidant properties and phytochemical components of extracts and fractions of the leaves of selected plants. Method: The antitubercular activities of the plants were evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and non-mycobacterium tuberculosis (NTM) using the Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) proportion method. Gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GCMS) assay and the antioxidant assays (1,1- diphenyl -2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical assay, total phenolic content (TPC), β-carotene bleaching activity and nitric oxide scavenging activity) were all carried out. Results: All three plant extracts used in the study inhibited Mycobacterium tuberculosis with G. arborea showing the lowest MIC value of 31.25μg/ml. Also, G. arborea inhibited MDR-TB with an MIC value of 125μg/ml. The most active plant, G. arborea was fractionated into four partitions, three (aqueous, n-hexane and ethyl acetate) fractions showed inhibitory activity against MTB with an MIC value of 62.5μg/ml. Also n-hexane and chloroform fractions of G. arborea showed inhibitory activities against MDR-TB with the lowest MIC value of 31.25μg/ml. The nitric oxide activity of the plant fractions showed that ethyl acetate fraction of G. arborea had high nitric oxide antioxidant activity. The ethanolic extract A. hebecladoides and G. arborea, while fractions of G. arborea (aqueous, ethyl acetate and chloroform) showed DPPH scavenging activity. The ethanolic extract A. hebecladoides and A. albida, while aqueous fraction of G. arborea had high total phenolic content. The ethanolic extract G. arborea and its fractions (aqueous and n hexane) showed β-carotene bleaching inhibition. Twelve compounds were found in the n-hexane fraction of G. arborea as 2,3-dihydro-3,5,-6-methy 4H-Pyran-4-one and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural were abundant with 35.81% and 19.03% respectively, followed by 3,5-dihydroxy-2-methy-4H-Pyran-4-one (9.82%) and n-Hexadecanoic acid (8.45%). Conclusions: The study carried out showed that ethanolic extract and fractions of G. arborea possess inhibitory activities against MTB and MDR-TB. Also ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions of G. arborea showed high antioxidant activities.
{"title":"Antitubercular activities, antioxidant properties and GCMS fingerprinting of Acacia hebecladoides, Acacia albida and Gmelina arborea.","authors":"Paul T. Olonishuwa, G. Anyanwu, U. Ejike","doi":"10.2478/ast-2022-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ast-2022-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: It is a practice to use traditional medicine for curing various illnesses in West Africa. Acacia hebecladoides, Acacia albida and Gmelina arborea were selected based on their traditional belief for treating various ailments such as: hallucinations, inflammation and tuberculosis. The study sought to validate the antitubercular activity, antioxidant properties and phytochemical components of extracts and fractions of the leaves of selected plants. Method: The antitubercular activities of the plants were evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and non-mycobacterium tuberculosis (NTM) using the Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) proportion method. Gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GCMS) assay and the antioxidant assays (1,1- diphenyl -2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical assay, total phenolic content (TPC), β-carotene bleaching activity and nitric oxide scavenging activity) were all carried out. Results: All three plant extracts used in the study inhibited Mycobacterium tuberculosis with G. arborea showing the lowest MIC value of 31.25μg/ml. Also, G. arborea inhibited MDR-TB with an MIC value of 125μg/ml. The most active plant, G. arborea was fractionated into four partitions, three (aqueous, n-hexane and ethyl acetate) fractions showed inhibitory activity against MTB with an MIC value of 62.5μg/ml. Also n-hexane and chloroform fractions of G. arborea showed inhibitory activities against MDR-TB with the lowest MIC value of 31.25μg/ml. The nitric oxide activity of the plant fractions showed that ethyl acetate fraction of G. arborea had high nitric oxide antioxidant activity. The ethanolic extract A. hebecladoides and G. arborea, while fractions of G. arborea (aqueous, ethyl acetate and chloroform) showed DPPH scavenging activity. The ethanolic extract A. hebecladoides and A. albida, while aqueous fraction of G. arborea had high total phenolic content. The ethanolic extract G. arborea and its fractions (aqueous and n hexane) showed β-carotene bleaching inhibition. Twelve compounds were found in the n-hexane fraction of G. arborea as 2,3-dihydro-3,5,-6-methy 4H-Pyran-4-one and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural were abundant with 35.81% and 19.03% respectively, followed by 3,5-dihydroxy-2-methy-4H-Pyran-4-one (9.82%) and n-Hexadecanoic acid (8.45%). Conclusions: The study carried out showed that ethanolic extract and fractions of G. arborea possess inhibitory activities against MTB and MDR-TB. Also ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions of G. arborea showed high antioxidant activities.","PeriodicalId":7998,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85862086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this study, the silver extraction potential from waste x-ray films using sodium hydroxide and nitric acid was studied. Sodium hydroxide and nitric acid of different concentrations were used as stripping solutions to determine the optimum leaching concentration. Optimum leaching time and leaching temperature were also investigated by varying the time and temperatures, respectively. The stripped solutions were analysed for silver concentration using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Results obtained revealed that, for sodium hydroxide stripping, 26.6 mg kg−1 of silver ion was obtained at an optimum leaching concentration, time and temperature of 1.5 M, 900 minutes and 30 °C. For nitric acid stripping, a maximum concentration of 9830.6 mg kg−1 was obtained at optimum concentration, time and temperature of 4 M, 1,440 minutes and 30 °C. The result revealed that the concentration of leaching agent was a significant factor affecting silver recovery, with nitric acid possessing a much higher recovery rate compared to sodium hydroxide.
{"title":"Optimizing Silver Extraction Potential from Waste X-Ray Films Using Acid and Alkaline Leaching Agents","authors":"G. Adie, Hakeem O. Shoneye, P. Iniaghe","doi":"10.2478/ast-2022-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ast-2022-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, the silver extraction potential from waste x-ray films using sodium hydroxide and nitric acid was studied. Sodium hydroxide and nitric acid of different concentrations were used as stripping solutions to determine the optimum leaching concentration. Optimum leaching time and leaching temperature were also investigated by varying the time and temperatures, respectively. The stripped solutions were analysed for silver concentration using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Results obtained revealed that, for sodium hydroxide stripping, 26.6 mg kg−1 of silver ion was obtained at an optimum leaching concentration, time and temperature of 1.5 M, 900 minutes and 30 °C. For nitric acid stripping, a maximum concentration of 9830.6 mg kg−1 was obtained at optimum concentration, time and temperature of 4 M, 1,440 minutes and 30 °C. The result revealed that the concentration of leaching agent was a significant factor affecting silver recovery, with nitric acid possessing a much higher recovery rate compared to sodium hydroxide.","PeriodicalId":7998,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88445939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Evaluation of the shallow geologic materials in terms of types, nature, and bedrock structure as possible causes of pavement failure was carried out along Oloko road Apatatpiti, Akure, Nigeria, using Schlumberger vertical electrical sounding and 2-D imaging dipole-dipole techniques. Three lithological layers, namely thin top soil, weathered layer and weathered basement, were revealed by the 2-D resistivity structure. Vertical electrical soundings were made at locations with a very low resistive medium typical of linear features such as fractures/faults at some distances on the 2-D resistivity structure. Four geologic layers, namely the top soil, clay/sandy clay, fractured basement, weathered/fresh basement, were identified by the geoelectric section. The geoelectric section and the 2-D resistivity structure revealed that the upper 0-6m, which constitutes the subgrade, has a low resistivity (36 Ωm to 108 Ωm) characterised to be clayey materials and suggestive of weak zones that might impair the stability of the road. A relatively shallow depth, ranging from 3.7 m to 4.29 m, was the depth to the water table of the four wells close to the road. Therefore, the possible causes of pavement failure are the thick and low resistive layer, the near-surface linear features suspected to be fractures/faults, and the water table’s shallow depth.
{"title":"Subsurface Investigation for Road Construction Using Electrical Resistivity Method along Oloko road, Apatapiti, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria","authors":"S. S. Oguntade","doi":"10.2478/ast-2022-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ast-2022-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Evaluation of the shallow geologic materials in terms of types, nature, and bedrock structure as possible causes of pavement failure was carried out along Oloko road Apatatpiti, Akure, Nigeria, using Schlumberger vertical electrical sounding and 2-D imaging dipole-dipole techniques. Three lithological layers, namely thin top soil, weathered layer and weathered basement, were revealed by the 2-D resistivity structure. Vertical electrical soundings were made at locations with a very low resistive medium typical of linear features such as fractures/faults at some distances on the 2-D resistivity structure. Four geologic layers, namely the top soil, clay/sandy clay, fractured basement, weathered/fresh basement, were identified by the geoelectric section. The geoelectric section and the 2-D resistivity structure revealed that the upper 0-6m, which constitutes the subgrade, has a low resistivity (36 Ωm to 108 Ωm) characterised to be clayey materials and suggestive of weak zones that might impair the stability of the road. A relatively shallow depth, ranging from 3.7 m to 4.29 m, was the depth to the water table of the four wells close to the road. Therefore, the possible causes of pavement failure are the thick and low resistive layer, the near-surface linear features suspected to be fractures/faults, and the water table’s shallow depth.","PeriodicalId":7998,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83493706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Ibrahim, A. Muhammad, S. Mada, Abur P. Pase, Saad A Ahmed, S. Ibrahim, Abubakar A. Maru, G. E. Forcados, Ndidi S. Uche, M. Abubakar
Abstract Due to the challenges associated with breast cancer prognosis, this study examined sialic acid levels based on subtypes, grades and therapeutic courses among breast cancer patients presenting at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) in North-Western Nigeria between June 2019 and December 2020. This was a cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic characteristics, total sialic acid (TSA), free sialic acid (FSA), bound sialic acid (BSA) and haematological parameters were determined. The mean age of the respondents was 47.46 ± 10.71 years, and the modal age range was 41-50 years. About 40% of the patients had triple-negative breast cancer subtype, and 83.1% had invasive carcinoma. There was an association between breast cancer grade and body mass index (χ2= 26.306, P= 0.001). The TSA, FSA and BSA concentrations were significantly (P<0.05) higher in luminal A and triple-negative breast cancer patients when compared to apparently healthy controls and were highest in stage IV patients. The TSA correlated with the third and sixth chemotherapy courses. Significant (P<0.05) decrease was observed in PCV and Hb among the breast cancer patients irrespective of subtype compared to healthy control. The results suggest that TSA, FSA and BSA were higher in breast cancer patients, necessitating further research on their possible prognostic implications.
{"title":"A Cross-Sectional Study of Sialic Acids Level in Breast Cancer Patients Attending Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria, North-Western Nigeria: Preliminary investigations and Implications on Disease Subtypes, Grade and Chemotherapy Courses","authors":"S. Ibrahim, A. Muhammad, S. Mada, Abur P. Pase, Saad A Ahmed, S. Ibrahim, Abubakar A. Maru, G. E. Forcados, Ndidi S. Uche, M. Abubakar","doi":"10.2478/ast-2022-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ast-2022-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Due to the challenges associated with breast cancer prognosis, this study examined sialic acid levels based on subtypes, grades and therapeutic courses among breast cancer patients presenting at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) in North-Western Nigeria between June 2019 and December 2020. This was a cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic characteristics, total sialic acid (TSA), free sialic acid (FSA), bound sialic acid (BSA) and haematological parameters were determined. The mean age of the respondents was 47.46 ± 10.71 years, and the modal age range was 41-50 years. About 40% of the patients had triple-negative breast cancer subtype, and 83.1% had invasive carcinoma. There was an association between breast cancer grade and body mass index (χ2= 26.306, P= 0.001). The TSA, FSA and BSA concentrations were significantly (P<0.05) higher in luminal A and triple-negative breast cancer patients when compared to apparently healthy controls and were highest in stage IV patients. The TSA correlated with the third and sixth chemotherapy courses. Significant (P<0.05) decrease was observed in PCV and Hb among the breast cancer patients irrespective of subtype compared to healthy control. The results suggest that TSA, FSA and BSA were higher in breast cancer patients, necessitating further research on their possible prognostic implications.","PeriodicalId":7998,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81306993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tikarewa G. Ayoola, Oluwajobi A. Olufemi, O. K. Adesola
Abstract In this study, rattan corncob composite materials were developed and their mechanical properties were determined. This was with a view to producing alternative composite materials for automobile applications. Dried corncobs and rattan cane were crushed, treated with caustic alkali NaOH (aq) and transferred into a water bath machine to reduce the hydrophilic nature of the fibres in the polymer. The shredded corncobs and rattans cane were sun-dried after the treatment to remove the moisture content and were further pulverized and sieved to obtain 400μm particle size. Compositions of the particles were varied for seven samples with the binder kept constant at 80wt% of the whole mixture and forming them into particle panels using a metal mould. The process was repeated in order to obtain three replicates to get the exact mean value. The produced panels were tested for density, water absorption, tensile strength and modulus, flexural strength and modulus, and optical microstructure. The results revealed that the densities ranged between 1.06g/cm3 to 1.30g/cm3, the water absorption properties ranged between 0.87% to 4.55%, tensile strength ranged between 42MPa to 90MPa, tensile modulus ranged between 2.2GPa to 5.9GPa, flexural strength ranged between 50MPa to 70MPa and flexural modulus ranged between 1.5GPa to 2.7GPa. It was concluded that the developed composite materials have good mechanical properties and could serve as alternative materials for making automobile accessories like bumpers and spoilers. It could also help in solving the problem of environmental pollution caused by open burning.
{"title":"Mechanical characteristics of Biomaterial Particles Reinforced Epoxy Resin Composites for Automobile Accessories","authors":"Tikarewa G. Ayoola, Oluwajobi A. Olufemi, O. K. Adesola","doi":"10.2478/ast-2022-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ast-2022-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, rattan corncob composite materials were developed and their mechanical properties were determined. This was with a view to producing alternative composite materials for automobile applications. Dried corncobs and rattan cane were crushed, treated with caustic alkali NaOH (aq) and transferred into a water bath machine to reduce the hydrophilic nature of the fibres in the polymer. The shredded corncobs and rattans cane were sun-dried after the treatment to remove the moisture content and were further pulverized and sieved to obtain 400μm particle size. Compositions of the particles were varied for seven samples with the binder kept constant at 80wt% of the whole mixture and forming them into particle panels using a metal mould. The process was repeated in order to obtain three replicates to get the exact mean value. The produced panels were tested for density, water absorption, tensile strength and modulus, flexural strength and modulus, and optical microstructure. The results revealed that the densities ranged between 1.06g/cm3 to 1.30g/cm3, the water absorption properties ranged between 0.87% to 4.55%, tensile strength ranged between 42MPa to 90MPa, tensile modulus ranged between 2.2GPa to 5.9GPa, flexural strength ranged between 50MPa to 70MPa and flexural modulus ranged between 1.5GPa to 2.7GPa. It was concluded that the developed composite materials have good mechanical properties and could serve as alternative materials for making automobile accessories like bumpers and spoilers. It could also help in solving the problem of environmental pollution caused by open burning.","PeriodicalId":7998,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78556430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. K. Olatunji, S. Olabiyisi, J. Oladosu, O. A. Odejobi
Abstract The design and prototype implementation of a subset of an African indigenous language-based programming language has been carried out and reported. In this study, an evaluation of the processor developed for the native language-based programming language was carried out in order to assess its level of conformance to the characteristics required of a good software product as set by the international organization for standardization (ISO). The developed language processor was evaluated using some metrics for evaluating the quality of software systems including structural and time complexity. A usability test was also conducted to assess users’ perception of the system concerning its relevance and ease of use. The result of system evaluation indicated that the system contains 1558 lines of code, its cyclomatic complexity is 14 and its asymptotic time complexity is of order big oh O (n3), where n is the size of the input to the system. Over 86% of the participants in the usability test attested to the system’s relevance while the usability rating was 86%. The developed system can be inferred to be of good quality as the results of its evaluation are positively on the high side for satisfying most of the ISO criteria for adjudging a software product as being of good quality. Furthermore, the high usability rating for the system indicates that the programming language whose compiler was evaluated satisfies most of the criteria set by the Department of Defense (DOD) for assessing the ‘goodness’ or otherwise of a programming language.
{"title":"An Evaluation of a Language Processor for an African Native Language-based Programming Language","authors":"E. K. Olatunji, S. Olabiyisi, J. Oladosu, O. A. Odejobi","doi":"10.2478/ast-2022-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ast-2022-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The design and prototype implementation of a subset of an African indigenous language-based programming language has been carried out and reported. In this study, an evaluation of the processor developed for the native language-based programming language was carried out in order to assess its level of conformance to the characteristics required of a good software product as set by the international organization for standardization (ISO). The developed language processor was evaluated using some metrics for evaluating the quality of software systems including structural and time complexity. A usability test was also conducted to assess users’ perception of the system concerning its relevance and ease of use. The result of system evaluation indicated that the system contains 1558 lines of code, its cyclomatic complexity is 14 and its asymptotic time complexity is of order big oh O (n3), where n is the size of the input to the system. Over 86% of the participants in the usability test attested to the system’s relevance while the usability rating was 86%. The developed system can be inferred to be of good quality as the results of its evaluation are positively on the high side for satisfying most of the ISO criteria for adjudging a software product as being of good quality. Furthermore, the high usability rating for the system indicates that the programming language whose compiler was evaluated satisfies most of the criteria set by the Department of Defense (DOD) for assessing the ‘goodness’ or otherwise of a programming language.","PeriodicalId":7998,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75953131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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