Annals of Saudi Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Hepatic fibrosis changes in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection who respond to direct-acting antivirals","authors":"K. Alswat, Fahad Al-Sohaibani, A. Khathlan, Ahmad Bashmail, M. Alanazi, A. Kurdi, Abdul Hakim Almakadma, W. Al-Hamoudi","doi":"10.5144/0256-4947.2022.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2022.89","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) can potentially slow or reverse liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Studies of fibrosis changes after treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are limited. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the impact of DAAs on fibrosis in HCV treatment responders. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary care centers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study included adult patients who received DAA treatment for HCV (naïve and experienced) from June 2015 to January 2019 who were treatment responders. Biochemical and hematological data and noninvasive fibrosis markers were recorded at baseline and follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index (APRI), fibrosis-4 score (FIB-4) and liver stiffness measurements (LSM) at baseline and follow-up. SAMPLE SIZE AND CHARACTERISTICS: 172 HCV treatment responders, mean (SD) age 54.1 (14.1) and body mass index 28.8 (6.5) kg/m2 at baseline; 96 (55.8%) were females. RESULTS: Fifty-eight (33.7%) patients were HCV treatment-experienced. Most patients were genotype 4 (n=125, 73%) and the mean follow-up was 141 (57.9) weeks. Compared with baseline, changes in alanine aminotransferase (P<.001), aspartate aminotransferase (P<.001), and albumin (P=.01) were statistically significant. Changes in LSM (15.09 kPa [11.4] vs. 10.19 kPa [7.4], P<.001), APRI (0.81 [0.7] vs. 0.34 [0.2], P<.001), and FIB-4 (1.99 [1.4) vs.1.35 [0.9], P<.001), and AST/ALT ratio (0.86 [0.32] vs. 0.95 [0.41], P=.015) were statistically significant. Differences in many of the same parameters were statistically significant between patients with low fibrosis (F0-F1) (n=59, 34.3%) and significant fibrosis (≥F2) (n=113, 65.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm that clearance of HCV with DAAs is associated with significant improvement in fibrosis as assessed by noninvasive liver fibrosis measures, which supports the concept of post-treatment fibrosis regression. Long follow-up studies are needed to assess the impact on morbidity and mortality. LIMITATIONS: Absence of histological correlation with these noninvasive scores. No assessment of fibrosis changes based on HCV geno-type or treatment regimen. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.","PeriodicalId":8016,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Saudi Medicine","volume":"42 1","pages":"89 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42519735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on: Kuwait National Mammography Screening Program: outcomes of 5 years of screening in Kuwaiti women","authors":"F. Kashoo, Mehrunnisha Ahmad, M. Sidiq, H. Alkhawari","doi":"10.5144/0256-4947.2022.145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2022.145","url":null,"abstract":"We read the research published in your journal titled “Kuwait National Mammography Screening Program: outcomes of 5 years of screening in Kuwaiti women” on 7 October 2021.1 We would like to commend the authors on such an elaborate and plausible article. The article provides a great deal of information on the prevalence of breast cancer among women in Kuwait despite poor participation. The study was a population-based screening study carried out from 2014-2019 among 14 773 asymptomatic women for possible breast cancer. The study identified 551 women with lesions by a full-field digital mammography system. The article indeed adds value to the early detection of breast cancer in women in Kuwait. However, collecting more information about risk factors from women (n=551) diagnosed with breast lesions would further improve the understanding of contributing risk factors and designing targeted breast cancer screening programs. Although, the authors mentioned that the screening was done for a specific age group (40-69 years old). The known risk factors that can uniquely contribute to the occurrence of breast cancer are obesity,2 age of menarche,3 late age of menopause,3 pre-existing metabolic disorders,4 smoking habit,5 dietary habits,6 blood group,7 level of physical activity,6 consumption of caffeine, vitamin D deficiency, duration of sleep, air population,8 night work, diabetes,7 and radiation exposure.7 Information collected based on the above mentioned risk factors would greatly add to the understanding of the unique contribution of these risk factors to the occurrence of breast cancer. Moreover, the statement in the result section of the abstract of the manuscript states that the percentage of women with breast cancer between the 40-49 year age group was 23.1%.","PeriodicalId":8016,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Saudi Medicine","volume":"42 1","pages":"145 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42068143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intracoronary epinephrine versus adenosine in the management of refractory no-reflow phenomenon: a single-center retrospective cohort study","authors":"Ahmed Darwish, A. Frere, M. Abdelsamie, Waleed El Awady, M. Gouda","doi":"10.5144/0256-4947.2022.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2022.75","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The no-reflow phenomenon is associated with a considerable reduction in myocardial salvage in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated by primary percutaneous intervention (PCI). There has been no head-to-head comparison of intra-coronary epinephrine to adenosine in the management of no-reflow phenomenon. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the short- and long-term efficacy and safety of using intracoronary epinephrine versus adenosine for management of the catastrophic no-reflow phenomenon that may occur during primary PCI. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort. SETTING: Single center in Egypt. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included STEMI patients who developed refractory no-reflow phenomenon during primary PCI after failure of conventional treatments and received either intracoronary epinephrine or adenosine. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: No-reflow management measured through improvement of thrombolysis in myocardial infarction grade (TIMI flow), myocardial blush grade, TIMI frame count and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at 1-year follow up. SAMPLE SIZE: 156 patients with refractory no-reflow phenomenon during primary PCI. RESULTS: Successful reperfusion was achieved in 74 of 81 (91.4%) of patients who received epinephrine and in 65 of 75 (86.7%) who received adenosine (P<.05). Fifty-six of 81 patients (69.1%) achieved TIMI III flow after epinephrine administration versus 39 of 75 patients (52.7%) in the adenosine group (P=.04). The incidence of heart failure after 1 year of follow up was lower in the epinephrine group compared to the adenosine group (6.3% vs. 19.2%, P<.017). MACE after 1 year of follow up was lower in patients who received epinephrine compared to those who received adenosine (11.3 % Vs. 26.7 %, P<.01). CONCLUSION: During primary PCI, intracoronary epinephrine is as effective as adenosine in successful management of refractory no-reflow phenomenon with a more favorable long-term prognosis compared to adenosine. LIMITATIONS: Retrospective design. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.","PeriodicalId":8016,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Saudi Medicine","volume":"42 1","pages":"75 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44750235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of SARS-Cov-2 IgG antibodies in patients at a single center in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Waleed H. Mahallawi, Mohammad A Alsarani, Rami H Aljohani, Abdulrahman A Alluhaibi, Turki H Alamri, Nadir A. Ibrahim, Khalid H Mahallawi, Omar F. Khabourd","doi":"10.5144/0256-4947.2022.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2022.69","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a massive impact on public health as well as the economy. Understanding the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among undiagnosed individuals is important for developing an informed pandemic response. OBJECTIVE: Investigate the prevalence of undiagnosed COVID-19 disease. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Tertiary care center in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: All participants were on follow-up visits to various clinics and had not been previously diagnosed with COVID-19. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to specifically assess the anti-spike IgG antibody seropositivity in serum samples. We associated the seropositivity rates of the participants with age, body mass index (BMI), nationality, blood groups, and sex with uni- and multivariate analyses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Seropositivity for IgG anti-spike antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. SAMPLE SIZE AND CHARACTERISTICS: 527 subjects, with a median (interquartile percentiles) age of the 527 subjects was 34 (24–41). RESULTS: Of the 527 samples, about one-fourth (n=124, 23.5%) were positive for anti-spike IgG antibody against SARS CoV-2. Age was associated with anti-spike IgG antibody positivity (P<.002). Participants >30 years were more likely to be seropositive (28-29%) than younger participants (15.4%). Additionally, seropositivity was associated with female gender (P<.001) and a higher BMI (P<.006). In the multivariate logistic regression, age >30, female gender and BMI >40 were associated with seropositivity. CONCLUSION: The percentage of seropositive individuals reflects the high level of undiagnosed COVID-19 patients among the population. Our results will help in a better evaluation of the public health measures applied during the COVID-19 pandemic and any future public health crises. LIMITATIONS: Sample size was small, single-center study and no rural areas were included. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.","PeriodicalId":8016,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Saudi Medicine","volume":"42 1","pages":"69 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45462643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renal lymphangiectasia in pediatric population: case series and review of literature","authors":"S. Alshanafey, Abdullah Alkhani, Abdulaziz Alkibsib","doi":"10.5144/0256-4947.2022.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2022.139","url":null,"abstract":"Renal lymphangiectasia is a rare disorder where perirenal, parapelvic, and/or intra-renal lymphatics are dilated. The clinical presentation of renal lymphangiectasia can range from asymptomatic to renal failure. Ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have been used for the diagnosis. Management of such cases varies from conservative to nephrectomy. We report three cases of pediatric renal lymphangiectasia that were managed by recurrent sclerothera-pies and medical supportive treatment at our institution. A literature review is also presented. To the best of our knowledge, there are 83 reported cases in the literature, 60 adults and 23 pediatrics.","PeriodicalId":8016,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Saudi Medicine","volume":"42 1","pages":"139 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42320876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cut-off values in newborn screening for inborn errors of metabolism in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Adbul Rafiq Khan, A. Alothaim, A. Alfares, Adil Jowed, Souad Marwan Al Enazi, S. A. Ghamdi, Ahmed Al Seneid, Areej Algahtani, Saleh Al Zahrani, M. Alfadhel, O. Aldibasi, Lamya A. Alomair, Rafah Bajudah, Abeer Nawaf Alanazie","doi":"10.5144/0256-4947.2022.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2022.107","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Newborn screening identifies individuals affected by a specific disorder within an apparently healthy population prior to the appearance of symptoms so that appropriate interventions can be initiated in time to minimize the harmful effects. Data on population based cut-off values, disease ranges for true positive cases, false positive rates, true positive rates, cut-off verification and comparisons with international cut-off ranges have not been done for Saudi Arabia. OBJECTIVE: Establish population-based cut-off values and analyte ratios for newborn screening assays and clinically validate the values. DESIGN: Population-based screening. SETTING: Tertiary care hospitals and laboratories. METHODS: After method verification, initial cut-off values were established by analyzing 400-500 dry blood spot (DBS) samples which were further evaluated after one year. About 74 000 patient results were reviewed to establish cut-off ranges from DBS samples received from five different hospitals during 2013-2020. Analysis was performed by tandem mass spectrometry (TMS) and a genetic screening processor. Confirmation of initial positive newborn screening results for different analytes were carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography and TMS. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cut-off values, ratios, positive predictive values, false positive rate, true positive rate and disease range. SAMPLE SIZE: 74 000 samples. RESULTS: Population based cut-off values were calculated at different percentiles. These values were compared with 156 true positive samples and 80 proficiency samples. The false positive rate was less than 0.04 for all the analytes, except for valine, leucine, isovalerylcarnitine (C5), biotinidase (BTD), 17-hydroxyprogesterone and thyroid stimulating hormone. The highest false positive rate was 0.14 for BTD which was due to pre-analytical errors. The analytical positive predictive values were greater than 80% throughout the eight years. CONCLUSION: We have established clinical disease ranges for most of the analytes tested in our lab and several ratios which gives excellent screening specificity and sensitivity for early detection. The samples were representative of the local populations. LIMITATIONS: Need for wider, population-based studies. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.","PeriodicalId":8016,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Saudi Medicine","volume":"42 1","pages":"107 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46191340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetic ketoacidosis in Saudi Arabia: factors precipitating initial admission and readmission","authors":"Raghad Alotaibi, M. Alsulami, Sumiah Hijji, Saad Alghamdi, Yasser A Alnahdi, Haifa Alnahdi, S. Samargandy","doi":"10.5144/0256-4947.2022.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2022.119","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), primarily type 1 DM. To our knowledge, only one study explored DKA readmission rates in Saudi Arabia. OBJECTIVES: Identify and analyze precipitating factors for DKA admission and readmission. DESIGN: Medical record review. SETTING: Tertiary care center. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We identified all patients aged 15 years and older admitted with DKA from 2018 to 2020. Descriptive factors and uni-and multivariate analyses are presented for associations with initial admission and readmission. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relationships between precipitating factors and initial admission and readmission. SAMPLE SIZE: 176 patients. RESULTS: Most of the patients had type 1 DM (n=157). The median (interquartile percentiles) for duration of DM was 6.0 (1.0-12.0) years. The mean (SD) HbA1C (%) was 11.8 (2.6). The factors that precipitated DKA were most commonly treatment nonadherence (55.1%), followed by infections (31.8%) and nonadherence to diet (25.6%). The most common symptoms were nausea and vomiting (87.5%), followed by abdominal pain (72.7%). During the study period, 32.4% of the sample were read-mitted with DKA. The median (interquartile range) duration between the first and second admission was 12 (4-25) weeks. In the multivariate analysis, increased odds of readmission for DKA were associated with type 1 DM and medication nonadherence (P=.038, P=.013, respectively). The severity of the initial DKA and the control of DM were not associated with the readmission rate. CONCLUSION: Treatment nonadherence is the leading precipitating factor of DKA in our region. Patient education and counseling play a major role in addressing this preventable complication and its medical and financial burden. We advocate more efforts dedicated toward patient education and logistic support. LIMITATIONS: Retrospective-single center. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.","PeriodicalId":8016,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Saudi Medicine","volume":"42 1","pages":"119 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47615339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of genetic variants of the vitamin D receptor gene with vitiligo in a tertiary care center in a Saudi population: a case-control study","authors":"G. B. Saif, I. Khan","doi":"10.5144/0256-4947.2022.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2022.96","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Vitiligo is a common cutaneous disorder of the skin and hair caused by a systemic depigmentation disorder that affects 1% of the population or less due to its onset in early adulthood. Meta-analyses have documented a linkage between vitiligo and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene. OBJECTIVE: Investigate the relationship between the ApaI, BsmI, FokI and TaqI genetic variants in the VDR gene with vitiligo in a Saudi population. DESIGN: Case-control. SETTING: Single tertiary care center. PATIENT AND METHODS: The case-control study was carried out between January 2015-December 2015 in Saudi vitiligo patients and healthy controls. VDR genetic variants or polymorphisms (ApaI, BsmI, FokI and TaqI) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length analysis followed by 3% agarose gel electrophoresis. Applicable statistical methods were used to assess relationships between vitiligo cases and controls. MAIN OUTCOM MEASURE: Effect of genotype distribution among four single nucleotide polymorphisms. SAMPLE SIZE: 152 vitiligo (median [IQR] 23 [19] years) patients and 159 healthy controls (45 [28.5] years). RESULTS: We found an association of vitiligo with ApaI and BsmI polymorphisms (P<.05). However, a decreased risk was noted in vitiligo patients with FokI and TaqI polymorphisms and in the diplotype and haplotype analysis within males and females. A positive association with vitiligo was observed in ACAC and AC (adjusted by gender) haplotypes (P<.05). The strongest linkage disequilibrium was observed between rs79785232 (ApaI) and rs731236 (TaqI) polymorphisms (r2=.83), followed by rs2228570 (FokI) and rs1544410 (BsmI) polymorphisms (r2=.53). CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm an association of vitiligo with ApaI and BsmI polymorphisms and fail to show an association in TaqI and FokI polymorphism with vitiligo. Additional studies need to be carried out in different Arab populations to determine whether the polymorphisms are present. LIMITATIONS: Controls not age matched, small sample size, lack of biochemical parameters. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.","PeriodicalId":8016,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Saudi Medicine","volume":"42 1","pages":"96 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42516138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurological outcomes in adult drowning patients in China","authors":"P. Zhou, Huaqing Xu, Bingccan Li, Chenbing Yang, Zhiliang Zhou, Jincun Shi, Zhangping Li","doi":"10.5144/0256-4947.2022.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2022.127","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Drowning is the third leading cause of unintentional death worldwide. The epidemiological characteristics of adult drownings are rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: Investigate factors associated with neurological prognosis in adult drowning inpatients. DESIGN: Multicenter medical record review. SETTING: Tertiary health care institutions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We collected demographic and clinical data on patients who drowned but survived between September 2006 and January 2020. Neurological prognosis was compared in patients with and without cardiac arrest. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Neurological outcomes. SAMPLE SIZE AND CHARACTERISTICS: 142 patients with mean age of 50.6 (19.8) years, male/female ratio of 1.54:1. RESULT: Forty-five patients (31.7%) received CPR, 90 patients (63.4%) experienced unconsciousness, and 59 patients (41.5%) received endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the initial blood lactic acid level (OR: 7.67, 95%CI: 1.23-47.82, P=.029) was associated with a poor neurological prognosis in patients without cardiac arrest. The incidence of ICU admission (OR: 16.604, 95%CI: 1.15-239.49, P=.039) was associated with a poor neurologic prognosis in patients with cardiac arrest. CONCLUSIONS: For the drowning patients with cardiac arrest, ICU admission was associated with neurological function prognosis in these patients. Among the patients without cardiac arrest, the initial lactate value was associated with neurological function prognosis of these patients. LIMITATIONS: Retrospective. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.","PeriodicalId":8016,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Saudi Medicine","volume":"42 1","pages":"127 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42673784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benign nodules of the thyroid gland and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels in euthyroid patients.","authors":"Hacı Bolat, Aliriza Erdoğan","doi":"10.5144/0256-4947.2022.83","DOIUrl":"10.5144/0256-4947.2022.83","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The presence of nodules in the thyroid gland is common in iodine-deficient areas of the world. Recently, vitamin D levels were found to be lower than normal and sometimes deficient in malignant nodules of the thyroid.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Evaluate the relationship between the serum vitamin D levels and benign thyroid nodules in euthyroid patients.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Tertiary care center in Turkey.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Patients referred to the general surgery outpatient clinic and diagnosed with thyroid nodules were the study group. The control group consisted of healthy individuals without thyroid nodules. Age, BMI, thyroid ultrasonography, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, free T3, free T4, thyroid stimulating hormone, calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, total protein, albumin, glucose, creatinine levels and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were compared between groups.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>Serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels and size of the thyroid nodules.</p><p><strong>Sample size and characteristics: </strong>Of 849 individuals, 453 were patients with thyroid nodules and 396 were healthy individuals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean serum vitamin D levels of patients with thyroid nodules were significantly lower than controls (<i>P</i><.001). Serum vitamin D levels along with serum total protein levels and eGFR were independent variables associated with the presence of a thyroid nodule (<i>P</i><.001, p=.005 and <i>P</i>=.017, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest vitamin D deficiency might be one of the pathophysiologic factors in development of thyroid nodules.</p><p><strong>Limitation: </strong>Single-center and possible information bias.</p><p><strong>Conflicts of interest: </strong>None.</p>","PeriodicalId":8016,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Saudi Medicine","volume":"42 1","pages":"83-88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8982002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44433013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}