Transition Metal Chemistry最新文献

A new polymeric copper(II)–maleato complex, used as a dicarboxylate ligand, was synthesized {Na₂[Cu(C₄H₂O₄)₂]·2H₂O}_n (1). The resulting complex was characterized by elemental analysis, infrared and UV–visible spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. Spectroscopic data indicate that the maleato ion coordinates in a chelating bidentate mode, creating a distorted square planar coordination environment around Cu(II). X-ray crystallography confirmed the formulation (1) and revealed that the central Cu(II) ion is in a distorted square planar. The maleato ion acts as a bidentate chelator, coordinating through two carboxylate oxygens to form a stable four-membered ring. This study extends our understanding of the coordination behavior of π-conjugated dicarboxylic acids with transition-metal ions. Molecular docking studies demonstrated that the polymeric copper(II)–maleic acid complex exhibited strong binding affinity toward B-DNA (1BNA), with a binding energy of – 10.2 kcal/mol and multiple stable hydrogen bond interactions. The molecular docking results demonstrated that the polymeric copper(II) complex with maleic acid forms conventional hydrogen bonds with B-DNA. Specifically, interactions were observed with guanine and cytosine bases: the O2 atom of cytosine (DC21), the O4′ atom of guanine (DG24), and the hydrogen atoms of guanine residues DG2, DG4, and DG22. The hydrogen bond distances (2.10–2.89 Å) confirm the stability of these interactions. Moreover, several of these interactions are located within or near the minor groove of DNA, indicating a groove-binding mode. In addition, the complex exhibits an intramolecular hydrogen bond that stabilizes its conformation during binding.

The global energy sector remains among the largest human-driven contributor to CO₂ emissions, making its transformation imperative in the fight against climate change. Transitioning to clean, renewable energy sources is not just an option but a necessity for a sustainable future. In this context, Algeria’s exceptional solar potential presents a unique opportunity to maximize the efficiency of solar energy systems and accelerate the transition toward green solutions. In this respect, heterogeneous photocatalysis stands out as one of the most cost-effective methods for harnessing renewable energy and mitigating pollution. This study explores the potential of photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER), a game-changing clean energy solution that aligns with global decarbonization goals. Through light-driven water splitting, renewable hydrogen can be generated efficiently, providing a viable path to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Despite considerable efforts in the field of Nano-composite, a major challenge remains: achieving high efficiency and selectivity in sunlight-driven HER. Hydrogen, with its high energy density and zero-carbon footprint, represents a pillar of the clean energy transition. This study provides key information for strategic investments in Algeria, identifying prime locations (with sunshine above 100 mW cm^− 2) for hydrogen production where solar energy can be harnessed at an unprecedented scale.

Two three-dimensional (3D) Cd-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), [Cd(L1)(L2)]·(CH₄O)₁₆ (Cd-1) and [Cd(L1)(L3)]·(C₃H₇NO)_1.5(CH₄O)₅ (Cd-2), have been rationally designed and synthesized by using 10,10’-bis((E)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)vinyl)-9,9’-bianthracene (L1), 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (H₂L2) or 4,4’-biphenyldicarboxylic acid co-ligand (H₂L3) and CdCl₂·4H₂O under solvothermal conditions. The structures have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and further characterized by IR spectra, UV-Vis spectra, and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that Cd-1 consists of a 3D network with one-dimensional (1D) channels, while Cd-2 with longer dicarboxylate ligands consists of a 3D network with interpenetration of two infinite structures. Moreover, the two MOFs exhibit strong luminescent emission in solid state at room temperature. The stability of Cd-1 and Cd-2 at different temperatures was analyzed by thermogravimetry.

The mixed-ligand complexes cis-[(MoO)₂O(glyc)₂(phen)₂]·5H₂O (1) and trans-[(MoO)₂O(glyc)₂(phen)₂] (1-5H₂O) were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Cis-structure complex 1 exhibits reversible transformation to trans-structure complex 1-5H₂O. Structural analysis reveals that the crystal structure of 1 contains 2D water cluster layers featuring twelve-membered rings. EPR spectroscopic studies demonstrate that the two molybdenum atoms in both 1 and 1-5H₂O exist as independent paramagnetic centers. Furthermore, solid state ¹³C NMR spectra of 1 and 1-5H₂O reveal large downfield shifts for the coordinated glycolate moieties. Notably, the catalytic performance of 1 in the degradation of methyl orange is significantly superior to that of 1-5H₂O, which could be attributed to the steric hindrance difference induced by cis-trans isomerism.

The rising demand for scandium (Sc) in aerospace, fuel cells, and electronics requires sustainable extraction technologies. This study investigates scandium recovery from Indonesian limonitic laterite ore using atmospheric pressure acid leaching (APAL) with sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) and acetic acid (CH₃COOH) as lixiviants. Leaching temperature (30–90 °C) and pH (ranging from − 1.2 to 1.24 for H₂SO₄; 2.13 to 2.87 for CH₃COOH) were varied to evaluate their influence on extraction efficiency. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied to model process performance and identify optimal conditions. Results showed that lower pH (i.e., more acidic conditions) and higher temperatures significantly enhanced scandium recovery. Sulfuric acid achieved a maximum recovery of 92.94% at 90 °C and pH − 1.2, while acetic acid reached 56.47% at 90 °C and pH 2.13. XRF analysis confirmed scandium content of 79 ppm in the ore, indicating its potential as a feedstock for critical metal extraction. Compared to high-pressure acid leaching, the APAL approach offers a lower-energy, safer, and cost-effective alternative, especially in decentralized or infrastructure-limited regions. The use of acetic acid also presents a more environmentally friendly option. This study advances sustainable hydrometallurgical practices for scandium recovery from lateritic ores.

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Tungsten trioxide-(WO₃) is one of the utmost appropriate inorganic electrochromic materials. WO₃ nanostructures are becoming increasingly prevalent in a diverse array of electrochromic (EC) device applications, as it offers substantially larger active response area, which leads to an increase in colour contrast, according to research. The novel technique of powder synthesis and material preparation has gained interest as materials science advances. Recently, the hydrothermal approach has emerged as a viable liquid phase preparation methodology as it provides several benefits. In this view it becomes essential to deepen the understanding of hydrothermal synthesis towards carving WO₃ nanostructures to foster electrochromic state-of-the-art. In this review analysis of hydrothermal synthesis towards sculpturing various WO₃ nanostructures such as nanowire, nanotubes, nanoflower, Nano tree etc. for modest electrochromism has been portrayed. Moreover, practicality in role of various hydrothermally synthesized WO₃ nanostructures for different applications has also been discussed.

Aminocarbonylation reactions represent a powerful synthetic strategy for constructing amide bonds—key structural motifs in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and functional materials. In recent years, magnetic nanocatalysts have gained significant attention as efficient, sustainable, and reusable platforms for promoting these transformations. This review highlights recent developments in the design, application, and mechanistic understanding of magnetic nanocatalysts employed in aminocarbonylation reactions. Emphasis is placed on systems based on palladium, nickel, and copper nanoparticles supported on magnetically responsive materials such as Fe₃O₄, which enable facile catalyst separation and reuse via external magnetic fields. The role of surface functionalization, core–shell architectures, and ligand modification in enhancing catalytic performance is discussed in detail. In addition, we address key challenges, including metal leaching, deactivation, and scalability, and explore the growing interest in carbon monoxide surrogates for safer, greener aminocarbonylation. Outlooks on the integration of magnetic nanocatalysts with continuous-flow technologies and the potential of machine learning in catalyst design are also presented. Overall, this review underscores the significant potential of magnetic nanocatalysts in developing efficient, scalable, and environmentally responsible aminocarbonylation protocols for modern synthetic chemistry.

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These days, optical sensors are getting considerable interest of researchers due to their portability and rapid on-site detection abilities for metal ions. In this paper, a Schiff base 2-((4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene)amino)acetic acid (DMAB-G) was studied for its optical sensing properties towards metals ions i.e. Al³⁺, Mn²⁺, Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Ag⁺, Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺, Pb²⁺, AsO₂⁻ and La³⁺. This naked eye probe showed a selective color change from colorless to pale yellow only for mercuric (Hg²⁺) ions which is consistent with red shift from 342 nm to 448 nm having an LOD of 1.71 × 10^− 6 M in aqueous medium which make it better sensor compared to literature reported ones. Furthermore, calculations revealed a DMAB-G bound with Hg²⁺ ions in a ratio of 2:1 with an association constant of 1.7 × 10³ M^− 2. FT-IR data suggested that DMAB-G interacted with mercuric ions by coordination through nitrogen of imine group and carbonyl of carboxyl moieties which was further confirmed by DFT-Calculations.

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The integration of urea oxidation reaction (UOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) into urea electrolysis can concurrently accomplish energy-conserving hydrogen (H₂) production and the treatment of urea-contaminated wastewater. Central to achieving this goal is the development of efficient and cost-effective bifunctional electrocatalysts. In this study, a novel one-pot green strategy was developed for the in-situ synthesis of molybdenum-doped Ni₃S₂ nanorods on nickel foam (Mo-Ni₃S₂/NF), serving as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for the UOR and HER. The incorporation of Mo effectively modulates both the morphological and electronic structure of Ni₃S₂, bringing a substantial increase in accessible active sites and a marked improvement in charge transfer efficiency. Notably, to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm^-2, the Mo-Ni₃S₂/NF three-dimensional electrode requires merely 1.339 V (UOR) and 0.138 V (HER) when tested in 1.0 M KOH containing 0.5 M urea, underscoring its remarkable catalytic activity. Moreover, the Mo-Ni₃S₂/NF based urea electrolyzer attains 10 mA cm^-2 at merely 1.477 V and shows excellent durability over 48 h. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate enhanced electron cloud density near the Fermi level relative to undoped Ni₃S₂, demonstrating that Mo doping improves both conductivity and carrier density. Our finding provides a new way to design efficient bifunctional catalysts for urea-assisted energy-efficiency H₂ production.

Platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) have emerged as versatile materials with applications spanning catalysis, industry, and biomedicine. Their high surface area, catalytic efficiency, and tunable physicochemical properties enable use in photochemical processes, catalytic converters, biosensing, and therapeutic platforms. In biomedical research, PtNPs exhibit antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities, making them promising candidates for diagnostics and targeted therapies. This review critically examines recent advances in PtNP synthesis using physical, chemical, and biological approaches, highlighting their respective advantages, limitations, and scalability considerations. Special attention is given to green synthesis strategies employing biological templates as reducing and stabilizing agents. We also summarize characterization techniques and discuss current understanding of PtNP toxicity from in vitro and in vivo studies. Finally, we evaluate biomedical applications, including drug delivery, imaging, and combination cancer therapies, outlining key challenges and research priorities for translating PtNP-based technologies into safe and effective clinical tools. This review critically examines synthesis methods, toxicity concerns, and biomedical applications of PtNPs, highlighting current challenges and opportunities to advance their clinical and industrial utility.

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