Pub Date : 2021-10-25DOI: 10.15460/auue.2020.93.1.210
R. Blench
The paper is an overview of current scholarship on the East Kainji language group of Central Nigeria. It reviews the existing published and manuscript sources and describes recent research, as well as the development of orthographies for some languages. Many East Kainji languages are severely threatened and some have gone extinct within the period under review. The paper presents an internal classification of the group and briefly discusses the external relationships of these languages. On the basis of existing data, a review of the basic phonology and noun class prefix systems is given.
{"title":"The East Kainji languages of Central Nigeria","authors":"R. Blench","doi":"10.15460/auue.2020.93.1.210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15460/auue.2020.93.1.210","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is an overview of current scholarship on the East Kainji language group of Central Nigeria. It reviews the existing published and manuscript sources and describes recent research, as well as the development of orthographies for some languages. Many East Kainji languages are severely threatened and some have gone extinct within the period under review. The paper presents an internal classification of the group and briefly discusses the external relationships of these languages. On the basis of existing data, a review of the basic phonology and noun class prefix systems is given.","PeriodicalId":80378,"journal":{"name":"Afrika und Ubersee","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47586772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.15460/auue.2020.93.1.216
Viktoria Apel
{"title":"Creissels, Denis & Konstantin Pozdniakov (eds.) 2015. Les classes nominales dans les langues atlantiques. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe.","authors":"Viktoria Apel","doi":"10.15460/auue.2020.93.1.216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15460/auue.2020.93.1.216","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80378,"journal":{"name":"Afrika und Ubersee","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47937844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.15460/auue.2020.93.1.209
R. Blench
The paper is an overview of scholarship on the Plateau language group of Central Nigeria to November 2020. It reviews the existing published and manuscript sources and describes modern scholarship. It provides an overview of the literature on the internal and external classification of these languages and the issue of endangerment, which is severe for some languages. It summarises the use of Plateau languages in education and the media, which has undergone a major revival after 2010. There is now a concerted push for the use of Plateau languages in education. The paper then reviews each subgroup, presenting an internal classification and references to publications. Based on the existing evidence, a fresh classification of Plateau is presented.
{"title":"Research on the Plateau languages of Central Nigeria","authors":"R. Blench","doi":"10.15460/auue.2020.93.1.209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15460/auue.2020.93.1.209","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is an overview of scholarship on the Plateau language group of Central Nigeria to November 2020. It reviews the existing published and manuscript sources and describes modern scholarship. It provides an overview of the literature on the internal and external classification of these languages and the issue of endangerment, which is severe for some languages. It summarises the use of Plateau languages in education and the media, which has undergone a major revival after 2010. There is now a concerted push for the use of Plateau languages in education. The paper then reviews each subgroup, presenting an internal classification and references to publications. Based on the existing evidence, a fresh classification of Plateau is presented.","PeriodicalId":80378,"journal":{"name":"Afrika und Ubersee","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67144348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.15460/auue.2020.93.1.221
H. Jungraithmayr
L'article fournit les premières informations sur le saba, une langue minoritaire tchadique de l’Est, parlée par environ 1500 locuteurs dans le district de Melfi, région du Guéra, au Nord-Est de Melfi. L'accent principal est mis sur les structures grammaticales du verbe, qui sont basées sur un système aspectuel binaire, c'est-à-dire avec une opposition perfectif-imperfectif. Un pourcentage considérable de verbes sont «forts» dans la mesure où ils affichent des alternances vocaliques internes, par exemple le verbe signifiant «tuer»: perfectif: dèegè (passé), imperfectif: díggà (présent) et dàagà (futur). Selon les différents systèmes vocaliques, sept classes de verbes forts peuvent être distinguées. Phonologiquement, le Saba appartient plutôt au petit groupe de langues tchadiques ayant deux phonèmes vocaliques centralisés, c'est-à-dire ə et ʌ.
{"title":"Préliminaires à une étude du saba, langue tchadique orientale du Tchad (région de Melfi)","authors":"H. Jungraithmayr","doi":"10.15460/auue.2020.93.1.221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15460/auue.2020.93.1.221","url":null,"abstract":"L'article fournit les premières informations sur le saba, une langue minoritaire tchadique de l’Est, parlée par environ 1500 locuteurs dans le district de Melfi, région du Guéra, au Nord-Est de Melfi. L'accent principal est mis sur les structures grammaticales du verbe, qui sont basées sur un système aspectuel binaire, c'est-à-dire avec une opposition perfectif-imperfectif. Un pourcentage considérable de verbes sont «forts» dans la mesure où ils affichent des alternances vocaliques internes, par exemple le verbe signifiant «tuer»: perfectif: dèegè (passé), imperfectif: díggà (présent) et dàagà (futur). Selon les différents systèmes vocaliques, sept classes de verbes forts peuvent être distinguées. Phonologiquement, le Saba appartient plutôt au petit groupe de langues tchadiques ayant deux phonèmes vocaliques centralisés, c'est-à-dire ə et ʌ.","PeriodicalId":80378,"journal":{"name":"Afrika und Ubersee","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67144427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.15460/auue.2020.93.1.205
H. Wolff
The paper looks at personal pronoun systems in languages of the convergence zone on both sides of the borderline between Benue-Congo and Chadic. Focus is on inventories and systems, meaning the overall interrelationship of pronoun shapes across the categories of person, number, grammatical gender and noun class (3rd person concord). The issues to be explored are (i) whether the personal pronoun systems as such provide any further indication towards the Sprachbund idea implied in Wolff & Gerhardt (1977), and (ii) whether one can identify some unusual features of or patterns within the systems, which are shared by languages on both sides of the line separating Benue-Congo and Chadic, and which are of such nature as to strengthen the hypothesis of a cross-genetic convergence zone. The answers provided are affirmative: In addition to cross-genetic borrowing of pronoun shapes, which is generally considered rare and/or at least remarkable, pronoun systems as such and across the convergence zone show at least two rather quirky disturbances of the expected pattern that can hardly be explained but by rather surprising instances of cross-language interference. These two kinds of disturbance within systems will be discussed under the headings of “category shifting” and “circumfix conjugational pattern” emergence.Given the present state of knowledge, the paper can only point out promising lines of detailed historical research: Any attempt to provide final answers would be premature at this stage.
{"title":"Contact-induced disturbances in personal pronoun systems in the Chadic – Benue-Congo convergence zone in Central Nigeria","authors":"H. Wolff","doi":"10.15460/auue.2020.93.1.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15460/auue.2020.93.1.205","url":null,"abstract":"The paper looks at personal pronoun systems in languages of the convergence zone on both sides of the borderline between Benue-Congo and Chadic. Focus is on inventories and systems, meaning the overall interrelationship of pronoun shapes across the categories of person, number, grammatical gender and noun class (3rd person concord). The issues to be explored are (i) whether the personal pronoun systems as such provide any further indication towards the Sprachbund idea implied in Wolff & Gerhardt (1977), and (ii) whether one can identify some unusual features of or patterns within the systems, which are shared by languages on both sides of the line separating Benue-Congo and Chadic, and which are of such nature as to strengthen the hypothesis of a cross-genetic convergence zone. The answers provided are affirmative: In addition to cross-genetic borrowing of pronoun shapes, which is generally considered rare and/or at least remarkable, pronoun systems as such and across the convergence zone show at least two rather quirky disturbances of the expected pattern that can hardly be explained but by rather surprising instances of cross-language interference. These two kinds of disturbance within systems will be discussed under the headings of “category shifting” and “circumfix conjugational pattern” emergence.Given the present state of knowledge, the paper can only point out promising lines of detailed historical research: Any attempt to provide final answers would be premature at this stage.","PeriodicalId":80378,"journal":{"name":"Afrika und Ubersee","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67144343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.15460/auue.2020.93.1.215
Viktoria Kempf, Tamara Prischnegg
This article presents data on the little researched Southern Jukunoid language Akum which is spoken in five villages of the Cameroon-Nigerian border area. Akum shows the typical Benue-Congo syllable structure (CV, CVC) as well as typical sounds of the Benue-Congo consonant inventory (double and secondary articulation). As is known from other Southern Jukunoid languages, only the consonants r, b, g, and nasals are permitted in word-final position and – because they are unreleased – the distinction voiced/voiceless is neutralized. The number and qualities of phonemically distinct vowels remains debatable. Concerning the nominal morphology, the Akum nominal prefix system is reduced in several aspects compared to its Southern Jukunoid relatives: it only has a set of 4 different nominal prefixes which are vocalic in form and it shows only marginal agreement on adjectives. The quinary numeral system and SVO basic word order are similar to its Southern Jukunoid relatives Bezen, Yukuben and Kuteb.
{"title":"A sketch of Akum (Southern Jukunoid)","authors":"Viktoria Kempf, Tamara Prischnegg","doi":"10.15460/auue.2020.93.1.215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15460/auue.2020.93.1.215","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents data on the little researched Southern Jukunoid language Akum which is spoken in five villages of the Cameroon-Nigerian border area. Akum shows the typical Benue-Congo syllable structure (CV, CVC) as well as typical sounds of the Benue-Congo consonant inventory (double and secondary articulation). As is known from other Southern Jukunoid languages, only the consonants r, b, g, and nasals are permitted in word-final position and – because they are unreleased – the distinction voiced/voiceless is neutralized. The number and qualities of phonemically distinct vowels remains debatable. Concerning the nominal morphology, the Akum nominal prefix system is reduced in several aspects compared to its Southern Jukunoid relatives: it only has a set of 4 different nominal prefixes which are vocalic in form and it shows only marginal agreement on adjectives. The quinary numeral system and SVO basic word order are similar to its Southern Jukunoid relatives Bezen, Yukuben and Kuteb.","PeriodicalId":80378,"journal":{"name":"Afrika und Ubersee","volume":"142 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67144406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.15460/auue.2020.93.1.217
Viktoria Kempf
Im Folgenden wird das Bedeutungsspektrum des generischen Begriffes juju im Kamerunischen Englisch auf der Grundlage von Aufsätzen, die 1968 von Studierenden aus verschiedenen südwestkamerunischen Gemeinschaften über jujus verfasst wurden, untersucht. Die Analyse zeigt, dass der Begriff juju ein sehr weites Bedeutungsspektrum hat. Er kann folgende semantisch miteinander verbundene Phänomene beschreiben: 1. einen Geheimbund, 2. eine übersinnliche Kraft, 3. eine Maske, die eine Gottheit personifiziert, 4. eine Darbietung, in der eine Gottheit (als Maske) auftritt, oder in der einer Gottheit gehuldigt wird, 5. ein Objekt, das mit Kräften einer Gottheit ausgestattet ist.
{"title":"„Long live our tribal jujus“- Das Bedeutungsspektrum des Begriffs juju im kamerunischen Englisch","authors":"Viktoria Kempf","doi":"10.15460/auue.2020.93.1.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15460/auue.2020.93.1.217","url":null,"abstract":"Im Folgenden wird das Bedeutungsspektrum des generischen Begriffes juju im Kamerunischen Englisch auf der Grundlage von Aufsätzen, die 1968 von Studierenden aus verschiedenen südwestkamerunischen Gemeinschaften über jujus verfasst wurden, untersucht. Die Analyse zeigt, dass der Begriff juju ein sehr weites Bedeutungsspektrum hat. Er kann folgende semantisch miteinander verbundene Phänomene beschreiben: 1. einen Geheimbund, 2. eine übersinnliche Kraft, 3. eine Maske, die eine Gottheit personifiziert, 4. eine Darbietung, in der eine Gottheit (als Maske) auftritt, oder in der einer Gottheit gehuldigt wird, 5. ein Objekt, das mit Kräften einer Gottheit ausgestattet ist.","PeriodicalId":80378,"journal":{"name":"Afrika und Ubersee","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67144410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.15460/auue.2020.93.1.218
Viktoria Kempf
{"title":"Köhler, Bernhard. 2015. Form und Funktion von Fragesätzen in afrikanischen Sprachen. (Schriften zur Afrikanistik, 25) Frankfurt: Peter Lang.","authors":"Viktoria Kempf","doi":"10.15460/auue.2020.93.1.218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15460/auue.2020.93.1.218","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80378,"journal":{"name":"Afrika und Ubersee","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49058526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.15460/auue.2020.93.1.211
L. Gerhardt
Pluractional verbs are found in many Plateau (and adjacent Chadic) languages. The present study looks into the distribution of a stock of common markers of pluractionality. These are *s, *n, *k, and *d, all reminiscent of Proto-Bantu verb extensions. While these extensions each function differently in Bantu languages, in the Plateau area they serve a common function: that of expressing verbal pluractional stems. The surface manifestations of pluractionality present a picture of utter complexity in most of the languages studied. The study endeavors to reconstruct the strategies different languages have followed to create a synchronic chaos from a relatively clear picture in the proto-stage. Phonological changes and morphophonemic constraints are the major cause of surface differences. It is argued that the similarities observed between the pluractional forms of the languages treated here are due to internal developments rather than to language contact.
{"title":"Verbal pluralization strategies in Plateau","authors":"L. Gerhardt","doi":"10.15460/auue.2020.93.1.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15460/auue.2020.93.1.211","url":null,"abstract":"Pluractional verbs are found in many Plateau (and adjacent Chadic) languages. The present study looks into the distribution of a stock of common markers of pluractionality. These are *s, *n, *k, and *d, all reminiscent of Proto-Bantu verb extensions. While these extensions each function differently in Bantu languages, in the Plateau area they serve a common function: that of expressing verbal pluractional stems. The surface manifestations of pluractionality present a picture of utter complexity in most of the languages studied. The study endeavors to reconstruct the strategies different languages have followed to create a synchronic chaos from a relatively clear picture in the proto-stage. Phonological changes and morphophonemic constraints are the major cause of surface differences. It is argued that the similarities observed between the pluractional forms of the languages treated here are due to internal developments rather than to language contact.","PeriodicalId":80378,"journal":{"name":"Afrika und Ubersee","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67144353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.15460/auue.2020.93.1.212
O. Gensler
The Amharic word qəl ‘gourd’ represents a rare case where a plant term serves as the source of a grammaticalization chain. The development occurred in two stages, first metaphoric change, then grammaticalization proper: gourd > skull/head > Intensive (never Plain) Reflexive (‘he himself, etc.’). This process was entangled with the grammatical evolution of two other words, ras and gəll. Ras, which is the basic unmarked term for ‘head’, as such underwent the basic unmarked grammaticalization into a Plain Reflexive (and only secondarily into an Intensive Reflexive). The other word, gəll ‘separate, individual’, phonetically quite similar to qəl but with no etymological connection to ‘head’, grammaticalized directly to the meaning ‘one’s own, by oneself’, thence secondarily to an Intensive Reflexive (but never a Plain Reflexive). Thus two near-synonyms (qəl, ras ‘head’) underwent two parallel grammaticalizations, but yielding different results: qəl, unlike ras, was never a Plain Reflexive. Why? The distinctive semantic evolution of qəl, I suggest, was partly driven by its phonetic similarity to the historically unrelated gəll, which also was never a Plain Reflexive. The phonetic similarity helped to foster a semantic attraction between the two grammaticalizing morphemes.
{"title":"Grammaticalization of qәl ‘gourd’ in Amharic","authors":"O. Gensler","doi":"10.15460/auue.2020.93.1.212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15460/auue.2020.93.1.212","url":null,"abstract":"The Amharic word qəl ‘gourd’ represents a rare case where a plant term serves as the source of a grammaticalization chain. The development occurred in two stages, first metaphoric change, then grammaticalization proper: gourd > skull/head > Intensive (never Plain) Reflexive (‘he himself, etc.’). This process was entangled with the grammatical evolution of two other words, ras and gəll. Ras, which is the basic unmarked term for ‘head’, as such underwent the basic unmarked grammaticalization into a Plain Reflexive (and only secondarily into an Intensive Reflexive). The other word, gəll ‘separate, individual’, phonetically quite similar to qəl but with no etymological connection to ‘head’, grammaticalized directly to the meaning ‘one’s own, by oneself’, thence secondarily to an Intensive Reflexive (but never a Plain Reflexive). Thus two near-synonyms (qəl, ras ‘head’) underwent two parallel grammaticalizations, but yielding different results: qəl, unlike ras, was never a Plain Reflexive. Why? The distinctive semantic evolution of qəl, I suggest, was partly driven by its phonetic similarity to the historically unrelated gəll, which also was never a Plain Reflexive. The phonetic similarity helped to foster a semantic attraction between the two grammaticalizing morphemes.","PeriodicalId":80378,"journal":{"name":"Afrika und Ubersee","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67144358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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