Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1353/ams.2023.a910899
{"title":"Radical Secrecy: The Ends of Transparency in Datafied America by Clare Birchall (review)","authors":"","doi":"10.1353/ams.2023.a910899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ams.2023.a910899","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80435,"journal":{"name":"American studies (Lawrence, Kan.)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lt. Nyota Uhura, a fictional character performed by actress Nichelle Nichols, is a much beloved figure of the Star Trek universe. MSNBC commentator Jason Johnson features her Ebony Magazine cover in his virtual background. CBS’ All Rise fictional character, Judge Lola Carmichael, furiously rebuked another judge who removed Uhura’s picture from her office. Former President Barack Obama confessed to a youthful crush, and Star Trek fan, Whoopi Goldberg, joined the second iteration, Star Trek: Next Generation, because Nichols characterized for Goldberg a black woman on television who could play someone other than a maid. The attachment to Lt. Uhura epitomizes Black possibility in spite of a subjugated past. Scholars define this interface of imagined Black future and technology as Afro-futurism. While Afro-futurism exists mainly as a cultural field of study, futurism permeates Black daily life, in sometimes dark, problematic ways. Recent works like Coded Bias expose how new technologies, like AI and big data, increase surveillance, reinforce racist notions of Black criminality, and apply discriminatory treatment in Black patient care. Scholarly attention rightfully centers on the negative impact of futuristic machinery, but these technologies can either empower or suppress. Blockchain embodies this tech duality and concomitantly stores within it the key to self-determination, sovereign identity, and community empowerment while divergently acting as an instrument for oppression. How Black Studies adopts blockchain can determine black people’s political, social, cultural, and economic futures. But without the philosophical intervention of Black Studies, blockchain’s potential for people power becomes subjugated to individuals, entities, and institutions insensitive to the issues impacting the black com-
女演员妮可·尼科尔斯饰演的虚构人物尼尤塔·乌胡拉中尉是《星际迷航》宇宙中备受喜爱的人物。MSNBC评论员杰森·约翰逊在他的虚拟背景中展示了她的乌木杂志封面。哥伦比亚广播公司(CBS)电视剧《崛起》(All Rise)中的虚构角色洛拉·卡迈克尔(Lola Carmichael)法官愤怒地斥责了另一名法官，后者把乌胡拉的照片从她的办公室里撤了下来。美国前总统巴拉克•奥巴马(Barack Obama)承认自己年轻时迷恋过他，《星际迷航》(Star Trek)的粉丝乌比•戈德堡(Whoopi Goldberg)加入了第二部《星际迷航:下一代》(Star Trek: Next Generation)，因为尼科尔斯为戈德堡塑造了一个黑人女性的形象，她可以扮演女仆以外的角色。对乌胡拉中尉的依恋体现了黑人的可能性，尽管他们有过被征服的过去。学者们将这种想象中的黑人未来与科技的结合定义为非洲未来主义。虽然非洲未来主义主要作为一个文化研究领域存在，但未来主义有时以黑暗、有问题的方式渗透到黑人的日常生活中。最近的作品《编码偏见》(Coded Bias)揭示了人工智能和大数据等新技术如何加强监控，强化黑人犯罪的种族主义观念，并在黑人患者护理中采用歧视性待遇。学者们的注意力理所当然地集中在未来机器的负面影响上，但这些技术要么可以增强，要么可以抑制。区块链体现了这种技术的二元性，并同时在其中储存了自决、主权认同和社区赋权的关键，同时也作为压迫的工具发挥着不同的作用。黑人研究如何采用区块链可以决定黑人的政治、社会、文化和经济未来。但是，如果没有黑人研究的哲学介入，区块链的人民权力潜力就会屈从于对影响黑人网络的问题不敏感的个人、实体和机构
{"title":"Black Blockchain: The Future of Black Studies and Blockchain","authors":"Nishani Frazier","doi":"10.1353/ams.2022.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ams.2022.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Lt. Nyota Uhura, a fictional character performed by actress Nichelle Nichols, is a much beloved figure of the Star Trek universe. MSNBC commentator Jason Johnson features her Ebony Magazine cover in his virtual background. CBS’ All Rise fictional character, Judge Lola Carmichael, furiously rebuked another judge who removed Uhura’s picture from her office. Former President Barack Obama confessed to a youthful crush, and Star Trek fan, Whoopi Goldberg, joined the second iteration, Star Trek: Next Generation, because Nichols characterized for Goldberg a black woman on television who could play someone other than a maid. The attachment to Lt. Uhura epitomizes Black possibility in spite of a subjugated past. Scholars define this interface of imagined Black future and technology as Afro-futurism. While Afro-futurism exists mainly as a cultural field of study, futurism permeates Black daily life, in sometimes dark, problematic ways. Recent works like Coded Bias expose how new technologies, like AI and big data, increase surveillance, reinforce racist notions of Black criminality, and apply discriminatory treatment in Black patient care. Scholarly attention rightfully centers on the negative impact of futuristic machinery, but these technologies can either empower or suppress. Blockchain embodies this tech duality and concomitantly stores within it the key to self-determination, sovereign identity, and community empowerment while divergently acting as an instrument for oppression. How Black Studies adopts blockchain can determine black people’s political, social, cultural, and economic futures. But without the philosophical intervention of Black Studies, blockchain’s potential for people power becomes subjugated to individuals, entities, and institutions insensitive to the issues impacting the black com-","PeriodicalId":80435,"journal":{"name":"American studies (Lawrence, Kan.)","volume":"61 1","pages":"13 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48057186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dear Science and Other Stories by Katherine McKittrick (review)","authors":"Ellen A. Ahlness","doi":"10.1353/ams.2022.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ams.2022.0018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80435,"journal":{"name":"American studies (Lawrence, Kan.)","volume":"61 1","pages":"75 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46037873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IDENTIFYING ROOTS: Alex Haley and the Anthropology of Scriptures by Richard W. Newton, Jr (review)","authors":"R. Beckley","doi":"10.1353/ams.2022.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ams.2022.0016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80435,"journal":{"name":"American studies (Lawrence, Kan.)","volume":"61 1","pages":"71 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41363747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"University Studies, Up Close and Critical","authors":"Ben Chappell","doi":"10.1353/ams.2022.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ams.2022.0015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80435,"journal":{"name":"American studies (Lawrence, Kan.)","volume":"61 1","pages":"55 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43999699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"GIVING BACK: Filipino America and the Politics of Diaspora Giving by L. Joyce Zapanta Mariano (review)","authors":"J. Diaz","doi":"10.1353/ams.2022.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ams.2022.0017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80435,"journal":{"name":"American studies (Lawrence, Kan.)","volume":"61 1","pages":"73 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47122215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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