Pub Date : 2023-12-17DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2023.2292272
Manal Yousef Alsheef
This study examines the effectiveness of a program based on mental imagery on improvement working memory in children with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in inclusion classroom. 30 children (both sexes; 20 boys and 10 girls) with ASD aged 7-8 years old in primary one from school for inclusion were recruited. T-tests analyses were performed to determine whether there were differences between pretest and posttest measures for both the intervention and control groups. Quantitative data obtained at the beginning and end of the experimental process were analyzed in the SPSS 23.00 package program. Then, the necessary tests were conducted to determine the difference in the working memory performance level children in the experimental and control groups. T-test analysis for the differences in post- test mean scores between control and treatment groups in working memory(WM) shows that the intervention group outperformed the control group in numerical, verbal, and visual memory.
本研究探讨了基于心理想象的课程对改善融合班自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童工作记忆的效果。研究招募了 30 名患有自闭症谱系障碍的儿童(男女均有;男孩 20 名,女孩 10 名),年龄为 7-8 岁,就读于融合学校的小学一年级。对干预组和对照组进行了 T 检验分析,以确定前测和后测之间是否存在差异。实验过程开始和结束时获得的定量数据在 SPSS 23.00 软件包程序中进行分析。然后,进行必要的检验,以确定实验组和对照组儿童工作记忆表现水平的差异。对照组和治疗组工作记忆(WM)测试后平均分差异的 T 检验分析表明,干预组在数字记忆、言语记忆和视觉记忆方面的表现优于对照组。
{"title":"The effectiveness of a program based on mental imagery on improvement working memory in children with ASD in inclusion classroom.","authors":"Manal Yousef Alsheef","doi":"10.1080/21622965.2023.2292272","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21622965.2023.2292272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines the effectiveness of a program based on mental imagery on improvement working memory in children with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in inclusion classroom. 30 children (both sexes; 20 boys and 10 girls) with ASD aged 7-8 years old in primary one from school for inclusion were recruited. T-tests analyses were performed to determine whether there were differences between pretest and posttest measures for both the intervention and control groups. Quantitative data obtained at the beginning and end of the experimental process were analyzed in the SPSS 23.00 package program. Then, the necessary tests were conducted to determine the difference in the working memory performance level children in the experimental and control groups. T-test analysis for the differences in post- test mean scores between control and treatment groups in working memory(WM) shows that the intervention group outperformed the control group in numerical, verbal, and visual memory.</p>","PeriodicalId":8047,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology: Child","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138798337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2023.2293248
F. Duquette-Laplante, M. Macaskill, B. Jutras, B. Jemel, A. Koravand
The occurrence of mild traumatic brain injury(mTBI) is estimated at 0,2-0,3% cases annually. Following a mTBI, some children experience persistent symptoms, and functional connectivity(FC) changes ...
{"title":"Brain functional connectivity in children with a mild traumatic brain injury: A scoping review","authors":"F. Duquette-Laplante, M. Macaskill, B. Jutras, B. Jemel, A. Koravand","doi":"10.1080/21622965.2023.2293248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2023.2293248","url":null,"abstract":"The occurrence of mild traumatic brain injury(mTBI) is estimated at 0,2-0,3% cases annually. Following a mTBI, some children experience persistent symptoms, and functional connectivity(FC) changes ...","PeriodicalId":8047,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology: Child","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138685760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2023.2292264
Vegar Hattestad Jensen, Stian Orm, Merete Glenne Øie, Per Normann Andersen, Kjell Tore Hovik, Erik Winther Skogli
The aim of this two-year longitudinal study was to investigate whether deficits in executive functions (EF) predict impaired everyday functioning after two years in children and adolescents with AD...
{"title":"Executive functions and ADHD symptoms predict educational functioning in children with ADHD: A two-year longitudinal study","authors":"Vegar Hattestad Jensen, Stian Orm, Merete Glenne Øie, Per Normann Andersen, Kjell Tore Hovik, Erik Winther Skogli","doi":"10.1080/21622965.2023.2292264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2023.2292264","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this two-year longitudinal study was to investigate whether deficits in executive functions (EF) predict impaired everyday functioning after two years in children and adolescents with AD...","PeriodicalId":8047,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology: Child","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138685663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2023.2291722
Fatemeh Fekar Gharamaleki, Akbar Darouie, Abbas Ebadi, Talieh Zarifian, Hourieh Ahadi
Due to the lack of appropriate developmental language tests in the Azerbaijani-Turkish language, the present study aimed to develop the Azerbaijani-Turkish grammar comprehension test (ATGCT) for ch...
{"title":"Development and psychometric evaluation of an Azerbaijani-Turkish grammar comprehension test","authors":"Fatemeh Fekar Gharamaleki, Akbar Darouie, Abbas Ebadi, Talieh Zarifian, Hourieh Ahadi","doi":"10.1080/21622965.2023.2291722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2023.2291722","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the lack of appropriate developmental language tests in the Azerbaijani-Turkish language, the present study aimed to develop the Azerbaijani-Turkish grammar comprehension test (ATGCT) for ch...","PeriodicalId":8047,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology: Child","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138685764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This pilot study aimed to identify quantitative electroencephalographic (qEEG) biomarkers for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We examined whether qEEG...
{"title":"Quantitative electroencephalography in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and healthy children: Behavioral and age correlates","authors":"Nezla S. Duric, Jørg Assmus, Helge Børresen, Alisa Duric Golos, Dobrinko Socanski, Armand Duric, Tanju Surmeli","doi":"10.1080/21622965.2023.2288865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2023.2288865","url":null,"abstract":"This pilot study aimed to identify quantitative electroencephalographic (qEEG) biomarkers for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We examined whether qEEG...","PeriodicalId":8047,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology: Child","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138627790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-11DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2023.2291448
Sevim Berrin Inci Izmir, Z. Deniz Aktan, Eyüp Sabri Ercan
This study aimed to examine emotion dysregulation and internalizing disorders mediating the relationship between selective and sustained attention and loneliness preference in children diagnosed wi...
{"title":"The relationships of neuropsychological factors and loneliness preference in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and cognitive disengagement syndrome","authors":"Sevim Berrin Inci Izmir, Z. Deniz Aktan, Eyüp Sabri Ercan","doi":"10.1080/21622965.2023.2291448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2023.2291448","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to examine emotion dysregulation and internalizing disorders mediating the relationship between selective and sustained attention and loneliness preference in children diagnosed wi...","PeriodicalId":8047,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology: Child","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138576986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2023.2289589
Ahmed Alduais, Tamara Bastianello, Abdullah Alduais, Xiaoyan Ivy Wu, Fawaz Qasem, Patricia Hamaguchi, Marinella Majorano
This umbrella review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of pragmatic language interventions and existing competing views in improving pragmatic language skills in persons with pragmatic language i...
{"title":"Competing views on interventions for pragmatic language skills in persons with pragmatic language impairment: An umbrella review","authors":"Ahmed Alduais, Tamara Bastianello, Abdullah Alduais, Xiaoyan Ivy Wu, Fawaz Qasem, Patricia Hamaguchi, Marinella Majorano","doi":"10.1080/21622965.2023.2289589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2023.2289589","url":null,"abstract":"This umbrella review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of pragmatic language interventions and existing competing views in improving pragmatic language skills in persons with pragmatic language i...","PeriodicalId":8047,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology: Child","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138580422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While the survival rate of very preterm (VPT) infants has increased in the last decades, they are still at risk of developing long-term neurodevelopmental impairments, especially regarding self-regulatory abilities, and goal-directed behaviors. These skills rely on executive functions (EFs), an umbrella term encompassing the core capacities for inhibition, shifting, and working memory. Existing comprehensive tests are time-consuming and therefore not suitable for all pediatric neuropsychological assessments. The Flanker task is an experimental computer game having the advantage to last less than ten minutes while giving multiple EFs measures. Here, we tested the potency of this task in thirty-one VPT children aged 8-10 years during their clinical assessment. First, we found that VPT children performed in the norm for most clinical tests (i.e., WISC-V, BRIEF, and NEPSY) except for the CPT-3 where they were slower with more omission errors, which could indicate inattentiveness. Second, some Flanker task scores were correlated with standardized clinical testing without resisting to multiple comparisons correction. Finally, compared to full-term children, VPT children showed poorer performance in global EFs measure and lower accuracy in the Flanker task. These findings suggest that this child-friendly version of the Flanker task demonstrated a reasonable sensitivity in capturing EFs with good discrimination between VPT and term children despite VPT children's mild difficulties. It may represent a promising tool for neuropsychological assessments and be suitable as a screening test, providing further validating larger studies. Moreover, while VPT schoolchildren globally display normal intelligence, subtle difficulties that seem to relate to EFs are observed.
{"title":"Executive functions assessment in very preterm children at school age: A pilot study about a clinical and experimental approach.","authors":"Marion Décaillet, Solange Denervaud, Cléo Huguenin-Virchaux, Laureline Besuchet, Myriam Bickle-Graz, Céline Julie Fischer-Fumeaux, Juliane Schneider","doi":"10.1080/21622965.2023.2287059","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21622965.2023.2287059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While the survival rate of very preterm (VPT) infants has increased in the last decades, they are still at risk of developing long-term neurodevelopmental impairments, especially regarding self-regulatory abilities, and goal-directed behaviors. These skills rely on executive functions (EFs), an umbrella term encompassing the core capacities for inhibition, shifting, and working memory. Existing comprehensive tests are time-consuming and therefore not suitable for all pediatric neuropsychological assessments. The Flanker task is an experimental computer game having the advantage to last less than ten minutes while giving multiple EFs measures. Here, we tested the potency of this task in thirty-one VPT children aged 8-10 years during their clinical assessment. First, we found that VPT children performed in the norm for most clinical tests (i.e., WISC-V, BRIEF, and NEPSY) except for the CPT-3 where they were slower with more omission errors, which could indicate inattentiveness. Second, some Flanker task scores were correlated with standardized clinical testing without resisting to multiple comparisons correction. Finally, compared to full-term children, VPT children showed poorer performance in global EFs measure and lower accuracy in the Flanker task. These findings suggest that this child-friendly version of the Flanker task demonstrated a reasonable sensitivity in capturing EFs with good discrimination between VPT and term children despite VPT children's mild difficulties. It may represent a promising tool for neuropsychological assessments and be suitable as a screening test, providing further validating larger studies. Moreover, while VPT schoolchildren globally display normal intelligence, subtle difficulties that seem to relate to EFs are observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8047,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology: Child","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138443648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-25DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2023.2284812
Jacobus Donders, Jonah Reibsome, Kate Wilson
Parent questionnaires pertaining to executive and emotional/behavioral functioning are routinely included in neuropsychological evaluations to complement face-to-face cognitive tests. We evaluated in a clinical sample of 198 6-16 year-old children the degree of overlap and divergence between two common parent rating scales: the Behavior Assessment System for Children-Third Edition (BASC-3) and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Second Edition (BRIEF-2). This sample was 66% male, 70% white, and included both neurological diagnoses (e.g., 33% traumatic brain injury, 12% cerebral palsy) and neurodevelopmental ones (e.g., 10% attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder). Inter-correlations between composite indices from the respective instruments were moderate (.41-.77). They disagreed about the presence or absence of impairment in 26% of the cases. Cluster analysis revealed four subtypes: Cluster 1 had mild externalizing and executive concerns, Cluster 2 had global emotional/behavioral and executive concerns, Cluster 3 had normal functioning, and Cluster 4 had mild internalizing and executive concerns. Clusters 2 and 3 differed in age and parental education, whereas Clusters 1 and 4 differed in Full Scale IQ. We conclude that BASC-3 and BRIEF-2 provide complementary information about a child's functioning that can inform treatment of neurobehavioral dysfunction. Elevations as well as patterns of the respective profiles on these instruments may help direct such treatment (e.g., cognitive rehabilitation, behavioral management and/or psychotherapy).
{"title":"Parent ratings of children's daily functioning in a mixed clinical sample.","authors":"Jacobus Donders, Jonah Reibsome, Kate Wilson","doi":"10.1080/21622965.2023.2284812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2023.2284812","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parent questionnaires pertaining to executive and emotional/behavioral functioning are routinely included in neuropsychological evaluations to complement face-to-face cognitive tests. We evaluated in a clinical sample of 198 6-16 year-old children the degree of overlap and divergence between two common parent rating scales: the Behavior Assessment System for Children-Third Edition (BASC-3) and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Second Edition (BRIEF-2). This sample was 66% male, 70% white, and included both neurological diagnoses (e.g., 33% traumatic brain injury, 12% cerebral palsy) and neurodevelopmental ones (e.g., 10% attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder). Inter-correlations between composite indices from the respective instruments were moderate (.41-.77). They disagreed about the presence or absence of impairment in 26% of the cases. Cluster analysis revealed four subtypes: Cluster 1 had mild externalizing and executive concerns, Cluster 2 had global emotional/behavioral and executive concerns, Cluster 3 had normal functioning, and Cluster 4 had mild internalizing and executive concerns. Clusters 2 and 3 differed in age and parental education, whereas Clusters 1 and 4 differed in Full Scale IQ. We conclude that BASC-3 and BRIEF-2 provide complementary information about a child's functioning that can inform treatment of neurobehavioral dysfunction. Elevations as well as patterns of the respective profiles on these instruments may help direct such treatment (e.g., cognitive rehabilitation, behavioral management and/or psychotherapy).</p>","PeriodicalId":8047,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology: Child","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138440133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2023.2283718
Mohamed Alasmari, Ahmed Alduais, Fawaz Qasem
This study reviews the crucial role of language in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnosis and assessment in Saudi Arabia. Using tailored search strings, 206 relevant documents were retrieved from the Web of Science and Scopus databases. An increasing trend in ASD research in Saudi Arabia was observed through temporal analysis. Keyword analysis identified key themes including "autism," "language," "assessment," "diagnosis," "Saudi Arabia," and "children." The focus of research has shifted over the years, from pure clinical and diagnostic aspects to a more comprehensive approach that includes language and cultural factors in ASD evaluation. The findings underscore the need for culturally and linguistically sensitive assessment tools, acknowledging the impact of bilingualism on language development, and the importance of language difficulties in diagnostic decision-making. The study highlights the necessity for further research, especially longitudinal studies examining the influence of language and cultural factors on ASD outcomes. The findings are significant for clinical practice, emphasizing the need for linguistically sensitive approaches in ASD diagnosis and assessment. This research serves as a guide for future studies by identifying the gaps in existing literature and areas of focus. The study identifies crucial gaps in existing literature, particularly the need for longitudinal studies examining the influence of language and cultural factors on ASD outcomes. The findings underscore the importance of culturally and linguistically sensitive approaches in ASD diagnosis and assessment, providing a novel insight for future research and clinical practice in Saudi Arabia.
本研究回顾了语言在沙特阿拉伯自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)诊断和评估中的重要作用。使用定制的搜索字符串,从Web of Science和Scopus数据库中检索到206篇相关文献。通过时间分析观察到沙特阿拉伯的ASD研究呈上升趋势。关键词分析确定了关键主题,包括“自闭症”、“语言”、“评估”、“诊断”、“沙特阿拉伯”和“儿童”。多年来,研究的重点已经从纯粹的临床和诊断方面转移到更全面的方法,包括ASD评估中的语言和文化因素。研究结果强调了对文化和语言敏感的评估工具的必要性,承认双语对语言发展的影响,以及语言困难在诊断决策中的重要性。该研究强调了进一步研究的必要性,特别是对语言和文化因素对ASD结果影响的纵向研究。这一发现对临床实践具有重要意义,强调了在ASD诊断和评估中使用语言敏感方法的必要性。本研究通过确定现有文献和重点领域的差距,为未来的研究提供指导。该研究确定了现有文献中的关键空白,特别是需要对语言和文化因素对ASD结果的影响进行纵向研究。研究结果强调了文化和语言敏感性方法在ASD诊断和评估中的重要性,为沙特阿拉伯未来的研究和临床实践提供了新的见解。
{"title":"A thematic review of autism spectrum disorder research in Saudi Arabia: Insights into diagnosis, assessment, and language considerations.","authors":"Mohamed Alasmari, Ahmed Alduais, Fawaz Qasem","doi":"10.1080/21622965.2023.2283718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2023.2283718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study reviews the crucial role of language in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnosis and assessment in Saudi Arabia. Using tailored search strings, 206 relevant documents were retrieved from the Web of Science and Scopus databases. An increasing trend in ASD research in Saudi Arabia was observed through temporal analysis. Keyword analysis identified key themes including \"autism,\" \"language,\" \"assessment,\" \"diagnosis,\" \"Saudi Arabia,\" and \"children.\" The focus of research has shifted over the years, from pure clinical and diagnostic aspects to a more comprehensive approach that includes language and cultural factors in ASD evaluation. The findings underscore the need for culturally and linguistically sensitive assessment tools, acknowledging the impact of bilingualism on language development, and the importance of language difficulties in diagnostic decision-making. The study highlights the necessity for further research, especially longitudinal studies examining the influence of language and cultural factors on ASD outcomes. The findings are significant for clinical practice, emphasizing the need for linguistically sensitive approaches in ASD diagnosis and assessment. This research serves as a guide for future studies by identifying the gaps in existing literature and areas of focus. The study identifies crucial gaps in existing literature, particularly the need for longitudinal studies examining the influence of language and cultural factors on ASD outcomes. The findings underscore the importance of culturally and linguistically sensitive approaches in ASD diagnosis and assessment, providing a novel insight for future research and clinical practice in Saudi Arabia.</p>","PeriodicalId":8047,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology: Child","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138175414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}