Archives of Disease in Childhood: Education & Practice Edition最新文献

{"title":"Highlights from this issue","authors":"I. Wacogne","doi":"10.1136/archdischild-2015-309637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-309637","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8153,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Disease in Childhood: Education & Practice Edition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82633824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highlights from this issue","authors":"I. Wacogne","doi":"10.1136/archdischild-2015-309230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-309230","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8153,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Disease in Childhood: Education & Practice Edition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89785575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Answers to Illuminations","authors":"H. Williams","doi":"10.1136/archdischild-2015-309025a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-309025a","url":null,"abstract":"Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2010;95:204. doi:10.1136/adc.2010.197335a 204 ANSWERS From questions on page 196 1. The answer is D: lobar collapse secondary to mucus plugging. The endotracheal tube (ETT) is in a satisfactory position but the left lower lobe (LLL) is collapsed and can be seen as a ‘triangular’ shaped density behind the heart (dotted line fi gure 3 indicates the hypotenuse of the triangle). Because the LLL is no longer aerated and has effectively become solid, there is loss of the normal outline of the left hemidiaphragm, which is usually seen because of its interface with the typically air-fi lled LLL; this is known as the silhouette sign. Absence of normal silhouettes of chest structures helps to identify pathology such as lobar collapse and also to localise masses. The other sign that there is pathology in the left hemithorax in this patient is related to the loss of overall volume in the left lung. Not only does the left hemithorax look smaller than the right, but owing to mediastinal shift to the left side, less of the right heart border is seen to the right of the spine in the lower mediastinum (arrows fi gure 3). Mucus plugging occurs more commonly in patients with cystic fi brosis, infection or asthma and also in those with thick secretions caused by relative dehydration. Patients with head injuries are often initially fl uid restricted to minimise the likelihood of cerebral oedema, which could be a contributing factor in this patient. Decreased mobility, dependent position, drying effects of the inspired gases and lack of coughing in ventilated patients also makes them more prone to this complication. The next most appropriate course of action would be suction, patient repositioning and chest physiotherapy if the patient is stable enough. 2. The answer is H: displaced ETT. The ETT tip (arrowhead fi gure 4) has entered the bronchus intermedius so that only the right middle and lower lobes are aerated. There is collapse of the left lung and right upper lobe, which are all opacifi ed. The whole left hemithorax is smaller than the right (note that the ribs look closer together than on the right side) owing to volume loss and the normal silhouettes of the left hemidiaphragm and left heart border are lost. The collapsed right upper lobe is seen as a triangular density near the lung apex, with a slightly concave lower border. This patient also has a mediastinal drain in situ (long arrow fi gure 4) and epicardial pacing wires (short arrows fi gure 4). The ETT needs repositioning or replacing.","PeriodicalId":8153,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Disease in Childhood: Education & Practice Edition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79586767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highlights from this issue","authors":"I. Wacogne","doi":"10.1136/archdischild-2015-308851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-308851","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8153,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Disease in Childhood: Education & Practice Edition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84441561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Answers to the quiz","authors":"N. Amin, T. Mushtaq, S. Alvi","doi":"10.1136/ARCHDISCHILD-2014-306488A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ARCHDISCHILD-2014-306488A","url":null,"abstract":"### Answers to questions from the quiz on page 184\u0000\u00001. Answers A, C, D and E are all true. Klinefelter typically results in tall stature\u0000\u00002. Answers A and B are true.\u0000 The other conditions may result in short stature, …","PeriodicalId":8153,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Disease in Childhood: Education & Practice Edition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76102800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Answers to the quiz","authors":"M. Garralda","doi":"10.1136/ARCHDISCHILD-2014-307853A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ARCHDISCHILD-2014-307853A","url":null,"abstract":"### Answers to the questions from page 237\u0000\u00001. Hypnagogic hallucinations in a well-adjusted 12-year-old boy \u0000\u0000The hallucinations occur exclusively when he is about to get into sleep; this is characteristic of hypnagogic hallucinations, which are not indicative of a medical or psychiatric disorder. Nightmares by way of contrast occur during sleep, they are unpleasant vivid dreams that cause a strong emotional response, and sufferers tend to wake up in a state of anxiety.\u0000\u00002. Acute illness related delirium \u0000\u0000The closeness in time between this boy's illness and withdrawal of …","PeriodicalId":8153,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Disease in Childhood: Education & Practice Edition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77069396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highlights from this issue","authors":"I. Wacogne","doi":"10.1136/archdischild-2015-308479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-308479","url":null,"abstract":"INTRAVITREAL RANIBIZUMAB FOR RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY Castellanos et al evaluated outcome in six eyes of premature infants treated with intravitreal ranibizumab injections for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) with highrisk prethreshold or threshold ROP with plus disease. All eyes showed complete resolution of neovasclurisation after a single injection. The anti-angiogenic intravitreal injections allowed for continued normal vessel growth into the peripheral retina, without any signs of disease recurrence or progression, and systemic adverse effects over 3 years of follow up.","PeriodicalId":8153,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Disease in Childhood: Education & Practice Edition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86126532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Answers to Epilogue","authors":"H. Groves, S. Christie, G. Mcginnity, D. Hanrahan, A. Thompson","doi":"10.1136/archdischild-2014-307248a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2014-307248a","url":null,"abstract":"1. This is left oculomotor nerve palsy.\u0000\u0000The oculomotor nerve innervates the levator palpebrae superioris, ciliary/iris sphincter muscles and all extra-ocular muscles except the lateral rectus (cranial nerve VI innervation) and superior oblique (cranial nerve IV innervation). Therefore, paralysis prevents elevation of the eyelid (ptosis), pupillary dilatation and results in deficient eye adduction, supraduction and infraduction. The unopposed lateral rectus and superior oblique muscle action cause the affected eye to look downward and outward at rest.\u0000\u00002. Oculomotor nerve palsy is rare in children and is most commonly congenital or developmental in origin. Damage to the Edinger-Westphal/motor nuclei supplying the nerve …","PeriodicalId":8153,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Disease in Childhood: Education & Practice Edition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87603392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highlights from this issue","authors":"I. Wacogne","doi":"10.1136/archdischild-2014-308074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2014-308074","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8153,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Disease in Childhood: Education & Practice Edition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77845363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Answers to Dermatophile","authors":"R. Robl, M. Uber, Mayara Schulze Cosechen Rosvailer, S. Giraldi, V. Carvalho","doi":"10.1136/archdischild-2014-307800a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2014-307800a","url":null,"abstract":"ANSWER TO QUESTION 1 The answer is (F)—Erythema infectiosum (EI): EI is a rash caused by parvovirus B19, also known as The Fifth Disease. 2 It is common in school-aged children, especially during winter and spring. The pathogenesis is still not fully understood. Infection is transmitted through the respiratory tract and symptoms such as headache, fever and myalgia end after 5 to 7 days with the production of anti-B19 immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies. 2 The anti-B19 IgG appears during the third week of illness and coincides with the appearance of the rash and arthralgia. It presents as an asymptomatic infection in approximately 50% of cases. The most characteristic sign is known as ‘slapped cheek’, due to the fiery-red facial erythema occurring within 3 days of the onset of prodromal symptoms. Exposure to sunlight or heat worsens the rash. In the evolution of the condition, the patient develops an itchy and evanescent reticulate rash on the extremities and trunk. In some cases there are transient joint symptoms, mainly involving the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints, knees, wrists and ankles. The diagnosis is made clinically but laboratory tests can help. Differential diagnoses include phototoxic reaction, systemic lupus erythematosus, rubella, measles, scarlet fever and drug reactions. Because the disease is self-limited in immunocompetent patients, treatment is basically supportive. Parvovirus B19 has an affinity for the erythrocyte precursors, which can result in red series changes (transient aplastic crisis). Therefore, immunocompromised patients and patients with haemolytic anaemia do not always present with the characteristic dermatological findings and are at high risk for the development of severe anaemia.","PeriodicalId":8153,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Disease in Childhood: Education & Practice Edition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87258943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}