Archives of Dermatological Research最新文献

Tennis players are routinely exposed to high levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation due to the predominance of outdoor play, posing risks of sunburn, photoaging, and skin cancer. Facial sun protection, such as wearing a cap or visor, is a simple preventive measure. We conducted an observational retrospective study to assess the use of sun-protective headwear among professional players during the 2024 French Open singles matches. Using Getty Images, we analyzed match photographs of 239 players (119 men, 120 women) to determine cap/visor use, orientation (forward-facing or not), and correlated this with player demographics and rankings. Results showed that 49% of men and 62% of women wore protective headwear (p = 0.06). However, only 28% of men wore caps in a forward-facing, sun-protective position. All Japanese and Korean players wore a cap or visor, highlighting possible cultural influences. Players with darker skin (Fitzpatrick type V or VI) were less likely to wear headwear. No players wore sunglasses during play. The findings suggest gender and cultural differences in sun-protective behavior, with female and East Asian players demonstrating better compliance. Despite the known risks, a significant proportion of male players do not adequately protect their face. Given limitations in sunscreen reapplication and timing of matches during peak UV hours, a cap remains the most practical protection. As role models, professional athletes can influence broader protective behaviors among youth and spectators. Education campaigns emphasizing the functional importance of headwear beyond fashion are warranted to reduce UV-related skin damage in tennis.

Onychomycosis caused by Candida (Candida onychomycosis) is prevalent, especially among people with defective immunity status. Drug resistant candidiasis is seen nowadays more than the past because of inappropriate treatment or failure. The present narrative review highlights considerations in onychomycosis treatment caused by Candida species. The review was conducted on the available literature featured on PubMed and Google Scholar. The search terms were the following: Candida spp. Onychomycosis and treatment. The search strategy included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies, reviews, and case reports. The search was restricted to articles written in the English language. Moreover, duplicate articles and non-available full-text articles were excluded. The extracted data of the search results were retrieved in this study. Antifungal susceptibility testing (AST) is essential for choosing effective treatments as resistance to antifungals rises among non-albicans Candida spp. Standard treatments for onychomycosis include systemic agents like itraconazole and fluconazole, which are more effective than topical options, especially for proximal infections. Patient compliance and care strategies are vital for success, with topical agents being preferred for elderly patients unless systemic treatment is necessary. The review emphasizes the need for accurate pathogen identification and AST, particularly with resistant strains like Candida glabrata (Nakaseomyces glabratus), and summarizes management strategies across age groups.

Psoriasis is a chronic T cell-mediated autoimmune disease characterized by persistent skin inflammation. This study analyzed the GSE47598 dataset from the GEO database to investigate the molecular characteristics of T cells activated in vitro with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of psoriasis patients. Gene expression profiling revealed that eukaryotic elongation factor 1 alpha 1 (EEF1A1) was significantly upregulated in activated T cells from psoriasis patients. EEF1A1 was shown to promote the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-22, and TNF-α, contributing to the inflammatory cascade in psoriasis. In an imiquimod-induced mouse model of psoriasis, EEF1A1 expression was markedly elevated in lesional skin and was found to regulate inflammation via the Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Targeting EEF1A1 using small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced inflammatory cytokine levels, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target. Our findings position EEF1A1 as a potential therapeutic target in psoriasis and warrant further validation in human tissues and in vivo inhibition studies.

Papulopustular rosacea (PPR) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder with limited systemic treatments. Doxycycline 40 mg is the only FDA-approved oral therapy, but efficacy varies. DFD-29, a novel extended-release minocycline 40 mg, has shown superior efficacy in recent head-to-head trials. This meta-analysis compares the efficacy and safety of DFD-29 and doxycycline 40 mg in moderate-to-severe PPR.

We systematically searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov up to July 2025 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) directly comparing DFD-29 (40 mg) with doxycycline (40 mg) in patients with moderate-to-severe papulopustular rosacea (PPR). The primary efficacy outcome was Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA) success at week 16, defined as a score of 0 (clear) or 1 (almost clear) with at least a two-grade improvement from baseline. Safety outcomes included treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), serious adverse events (SAEs), and specific adverse events such as diarrhea, vertigo, and headache. Data were pooled using random-effects models, and statistical heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic. All analyses were conducted using Python programming language (version 3.11.13).

Three head-to-head randomized controlled trials (MVOR-1, MVOR-2, and Tsianakas 2021; total N = 593) met the inclusion criteria. Pooled analysis demonstrated that DFD-29 was associated with significantly higher Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA) success rates compared to doxycycline (odds ratio [OR]: 2.86; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2–4.08; p < 0.001), with low heterogeneity. Safety outcomes were comparable between groups, with no statistically significant differences observed in treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) (OR: 1.28; 95% CI 0.89–1.83), serious adverse events (SAEs) (OR: 1.06; 95% CI 0.22–5.07), diarrhea (OR: 1.28; 95% CI 0.44–3.74), vertigo (OR: 1.00; 95% CI 0.20–4.89), or headache (OR: 0.83; 95% CI 0.33–2.08). Heterogeneity for safety outcomes was negligible.

DFD-29 (40 mg) demonstrates significantly greater efficacy than doxycycline (40 mg) in the treatment of moderate-to-severe papulopustular rosacea, while maintaining a comparable safety and tolerability profile. However, these findings should be interpreted cautiously given the limited number and duration of trials. Further long-term and large-scale studies are warranted to assess durability of response, effectiveness in diverse patient populations and rare adverse effects such as hypersensitivity reactions.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder primarily affecting intertriginous regions, characterized by painful nodules, abscesses, and sinus tracts. Beyond its dermatologic manifestations, HS is associated with systemic inflammation and may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and metabolic disorders. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified HS-related loci, the molecular mechanisms linking HS to systemic comorbidities remain unclear. This study investigates the shared genetic architecture between HS and 30 systemic traits (15 CVDs and 15 metabolic traits) using linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC), identifying significant genetic correlations with hypertension (r_g = 0.24), body mass index (BMI, r_g = 0.39), and triglycerides (r_g = 0.18). Cross-trait meta-analyses revealed 83 pleiotropic SNPs. Gene-based analyses (MAGMA, SMR, GCTA-fastBAT) highlighted 243 genes enriched in immune and metabolic pathways. We further performed bidirectional and mediation Mendelian randomization analyses, confirming a potential bidirectional causal relationship between HS and hypertension, with BMI acting as a partial mediator. Drug prioritization based on pathway-pairing scores identified 37 candidate therapies. These findings suggest shared genetic and causal links between HS and systemic traits and offer directions for translational research, though experimental validation is warranted.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory dermatological disorder characterized by abnormal keratinocyte proliferation and dysregulation of the immune system dysregulation. Recent evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) play cricial regulatory roles in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. This study investigates the biomarker potential of microRNA-7-5p (miR-7-5p) in psoriasis and its mechanistic influence on keratinocyte-mediated inflammation. Serum from 75 psoriasis patients and 60 controls underwent miR-7-5p measurement by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), with receiver operating characteristic curve analysis determining diagnostic accuracy. Interleukin-22 (IL-22)-treated (100 ng/mL) HaCaT cells served as an in vitro model to examine miR-7-5p’s functional effects via mimic/inhibitor experiments assessing proliferation and cytokine production. Statistical analysis revealed significantly upregulated miR-7-5p levels in the serum of psoriasis patients (P < 0.001), demonstrating excellent diagnostic capability (area under the curve = 0.911). Strong positive correlations were identified between miR-7-5p expression and key inflammatory markers: IL-17 A (r = 0.6666), IL-23 (r = 0.6059), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (r = 0.5789) (P < 0.001). In IL-22-stimulated HaCaT cells, miR-7-5p mimic exacerbated proliferation and cytokine production, while its inhibitor suppressed these effects (P < 0.001). MiR-7-5p was significantly elevated and has emerged as a promising diagnostic biomarker for psoriasis by modulating the keratinocyte inflammatory responses of keratinocyte. Targeting miR-7-5p may provide novel therapeutic strategies.

Keratinocyte carcinoma mainly affect patients over 60 years of age. However, early-onset KC (eoKC) is an important subject, as it may contribute to an increased future burden of skin cancer and may be linked to other early-onset malignancies. This study examines whether early-onset keratinocyte carcinoma (eoKC, < 40 years) is associated with other primary cancers before age 50. Using Danish national registries, we studied 1,263,544 individuals born 1960–1972, followed from age 20–50. Individuals diagnosed with basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma before age 40 were classified as eoKC. We analyzed the incidence of subsequent non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and other cancers before age 50, comparing eoKC patients with a control group. Among the cohort, 3,471 individuals had eoKC (incidence: 14.5 per 100,000 person-years). Most developed only one NMSC before age 50. Patients with eoKC had a significantly higher risk of other primary cancers before age 50 (HR 2.60, 95% CI: 2.34–2.90), higher in males (HR 3.14) than females (HR 2.17). eoKC is associated with a significantly increased risk of cancer before age 50. These findings support informing eoKC patients and clinicians about this risk and considering enhanced surveillance and genetic counseling.