Archives of Dermatological Research最新文献

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease and the most prevalent cause of facial redness in adults. It is also associated with various systemic conditions. This study aimed to evaluate cognitive function in patients with rosacea and compare it to healthy controls. A total of 119 individuals, comprising 58 patients with rosacea and 61 controls, were enrolled between April 2023 and September 2024. The Trail Making Test (TMT) was administered to all the participants to assess their cognitive function. In rosacea patients, TMT Part A was 37.9 ± 4.38, and TMT Part B was 73.4 ± 13.28. In the control group, TMT Part A was 38.5 ± 4.86, and TMT Part B was 72.0 ± 9.34 (p = 0.57, p = 0.47, respectively). Based on rosacea severity, the patients were categorized as mild to moderate (n = 35) and severe to very severe (n = 23). There was no significant difference between these groups in TMT Part A and TMT Part B (p = 0.97, p = 0.24, respectively). In addition, according to the rosacea subtype, there was no difference between the groups in TMT Part A, TMT Part B, and years of education (p = 0.58, p = 0.89, and p = 0.20, respectively). Since rosacea may be associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, and Parkinson’s disease, TMT can be used to investigate cognitive functions.

Sildenafil, a major phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, is particularly known for treating erectile dysfunction. It has been suggested as a promising therapeutic medication for accelerating wound healing. This study aimed to summarize the efficacy of different formulations and dosages of sildenafil in enhancing wound healing, focusing on its formulations, dosages, and mechanisms of action. The study used relevant keywords to review studies involving animal models and human patients. No time limitation was considered in the current study. The outcomes measured included re-epithelization, vascularization, collagen formation, and overall healing efficacy. Topical sildenafil formulations indicated significant improvements in wound closure, vascularization, and collagen regeneration in skin wounds. A combination of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and sildenafil increased skin wound healing. Different concentrations (topical 2% and 5% formulation, and 13 mg/kg orally) were useful, with specific dosages showing significant improvements in healing biomarkers. The underlying mechanisms of sildenafil for accelerating wound healing are increasing nitric oxide (NO) levels and collagen synthesis. Moreover, sildenafil triggers angiogenesis, and fibroblast migration and contributes to skin tissue repair and regeneration. Topical sildenafil can be a promising drug for increasing wound healing, with different formulations and dosages illustrating efficacy in improving healing outcomes. Since sildenafil is a cost-efficient, and readily available drug with few side effects, we suggest further research to optimize its use in clinical settings.

Graphical abstract

Background

Alopecia, a condition marked by hair loss, includes androgenic alopecia (AGA), alopecia areata (AA), telogen effluvium (TE), and scarring alopecia, each with a unique pathophysiology that profoundly impacts psychological well-being, self-image, and quality of life (QoL), leading to anxiety and depression. Understanding illness perception and its connection to QoL and mental health in comorbid Saudi patients, especially in patients with the simultaneous presence of more than two medical conditions, remains limited. We aimed to assess Saudi patients’ perception of different types of alopecia and explore the relationship between illness perception, QoL, psychological factors, and comorbidities. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, from December 2023 to March 2024. Ninety-nine adults with confirmed alopecia diagnoses completed validated questionnaires, including the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), the Patient Depression Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7). Statistical analysis included regression models to determine predictors of QoL impairment. Results: the most common type of alopecia was AGA (47.5%), followed by AA (30.3%), scarring alopecia (16.2%), and TE (6.1%). Median scores for BIPQ and DLQI were 49.0 and 6.0, respectively, indicating moderate illness perception and QoL impact. Anxiety and depression levels were generally mild, though scarring alopecia patients reported higher emotional distress. Negative illness perception was strongly associated with reduced QoL and higher anxiety and depression scores. Factors such as illness perception, anxiety, and mental health conditions were significant predictors of QoL impairment. Conclusion: Our findings underscore the psychological impact of alopecia and highlight the importance of addressing both physical symptoms and mental health in patient care. Thus, Targeted interventions focusing on illness perception and emotional well-being are crucial for improving outcomes.

This study aims to assess the influence of the cosmetic use of Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) on temperature measurements using Infrared thermography (IT). A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted with 16 patients to examine the cosmetic application of BTX-A in the upper third of the face to treat dynamic wrinkles (expression lines). The substance used in the patients was Botulinum Toxin type A DYSPORT^® 500 IU. A thermogram in frontal norm was acquired from each patient in three different moments: (M1) before BTX-A application, (M2) 10 min after BTX-A application, and (M3) five days after BTX-A application. The ROIs were demarcated in each image with a diameter of 10 mm, and then the average temperature values of each ROI were recorded. Mixed ANOVA, with Tukey’s post hoc test, was used to determine interactions between factors in the dependent variable. The paired T-test was used to assess whether the mean temperatures on the face’s right and left sides were statistically different. The significance level was set at 5%, considering p < 0.05. For the left-side temporal ROI, statistically significant differences were observed only between the different assessed times (p = 0.010). Considering the mean temperature difference, at the temporal ROI, a reduction of the M2 temperature was observed (ΔT = 0.3 ℃) and an increase at M3 (ΔT = 0.6 ℃). The cosmetic use of BTX-A may alter skin temperature values assessed using IT, and this effect can last for days.

This study aimed to explore the potential causal relationships between rosacea and Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, anxiety disorders, and depression with MR analysis. Genetic data for rosacea and the four neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders were sourced from GWAS databases. After completing stringent quality control procedures, SNPs meeting significance thresholds were selected as IVs. Our primary statistical analysis was conducted by IVW approach. To investigate the robustness of results, heterogeneity tests, sensitivity analyses, and pleiotropy assessments were conducted. Reverse MR analyses were subsequently carried out to further substantiate the causal relationships. The present study discovered a positive correlation between rosacea and an elevated risk of depression (OR = 1.0015, 95% CI = 1.0002–1.0027, P = 0.02). There is no causal evidence to support a connection between rosacea and Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, or anxiety disorders. Reverse MR analyses indicated no causal associations between these four disorders and the risk of rosacea. The findings reveal that individuals with rosacea may have an elevated risk of depression.

Precision medicine is a topic of growing interest in psoriasis. Many novel biologics are now available to clinicians and identifying who will be a responder or non-responder to a given biologic prior to treatment is an exciting area of inquiry with strong potential clinical utility. In the present study, we use an interpretable classification and regression tree (CART) model to predict week 12 PASI75 and PASI90 response to brodalumab treatment based on clinical variables and transcriptomic data from lesional biopsy tissue samples. We identify KRT16 normalized RNA expression levels and BMI as pre-treatment predictors of a PASI75 response and FERMT1, HLA_DQA1, TMPRSS11D, and S100P normalized RNA expression levels as pre-treatment predictors of a PASI90 response. The CART models demonstrated strong AUC values for the PASI75 (0.90) and PASI90 (0.88) analyses. Taken together, focused transcriptomics has the potential to be used clinically for the pre-treatment prediction of treatment response.

Epidermolytic ichthyosis (EI), a rare autosomal dominant skin disorder caused by mutations in the KRT1 and KRT10 genes, results in thickened, scaly, and blister-prone skin. Traditional treatments, such as ammonium lactate and retinoids, often fail to adequately manage symptoms. This case report explores the use of a bentonite-containing soap, as a novel and efficacious therapy for a 70-year-old female patient with EI. Despite long-term treatment with ammonium lactate and exfoliating baths, the patient continued to experience persistent scaling and thickened skin. After the addition of the bentonite-containing soap, the patient reported significant improvement in scaling, particularly on the hands and feet, with smoother skin and reduced scaling. Bentonite’s exfoliating, antibacterial, and wound-healing properties, along with its ability to restore the skin barrier, likely contributed to these improvements. These promising results highlight the potential of bentonite-based products for managing EI, though further clinical trials are needed to evaluate long-term safety and efficacy.

As the millennial generation increasingly dominates the consumer landscape of facial neuromodulator treatments, a comprehensive understanding of their perceptions is crucial for tailoring effective aesthetic medical practices. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive understanding of millennials' knowledge, attitudes, and expectations regarding facial neuromodulator treatments. We aim to understand millennials’ perceptions and expectations regarding neuromodulator treatments. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to uncover the perceptions and expectations of millennials towards facial neuromodulator treatments. Of the 150 participants, the primary reasons for considering treatment were the desire to look good for one’s age (48%) and to appear more youthful (26%). The main reasons for not pursuing treatment were the belief that it was not yet necessary (57%) and concerns about safety or side effects (11%). Millennials were most interested in treating their forehead (75%), lateral canthal area (49%), and glabella (39%). Expectations varied in terms of treatment outcomes, recovery times, and result duration. Most respondents anticipated a positive impact on self-esteem (52%) and would “probably” or “definitely” disclose undergoing treatments to their friends and peers (65%). Herein, we reveal a complex landscape of millennial understanding of and expectations towards facial neuromodulator treatments. The findings underscore the necessity for physicians to engage in detailed patient education and adapt communication strategies to align with millennial expectations and values. A better understanding of millennials’ expectations may guide clinical practices and allow dermatologists to significantly improve patient satisfaction and outcomes, driving forward the field of aesthetic medicine.